PLANT SYMBIOTIC RELATIONS
ZUHHA TAQDEESROLL NO: 2512SUBMITTED TO: MISS MOUNEEZA
SYMBIOSIS
Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical
association, typically to the advantage of both.
SYMBIOTIC PLANTS
Mutually beneficial relationship
without any negative benefits
For example: Bryophytes
TYPES OF SYMBIOSIS
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
PARASITISM
MUTUALISM
Both organisms benefit in some way
COMMENSALISM
One organism benefits, while the other derives no harm, but no benefits.
PARASITISM
One organism benefits,while the other is harmed
PLANT SYMBIOTIC RELATIONS IN SOIL
With soil
With bacteria
With fungi
With animals
REALTION WITH SOIL
Soil provides mineral and water
Plant helps soil formation and development.
RHIZOBIUM AND LEGUME PLANT
Bacteria lives in root cells of legumes(peas, beans, alfalfa)
Form nodules Nitrogen fixation for plant Safe place for bacteria to reproduce Legume attract bacteria by excreting
compounds
RHIZOBIUM ETLI nodulates both alfalfa and beans
R. GALLICUM
nodulates beans
MYCORRHIZAE
Mutualism between plant and fungi.
95% of world’s plants form mycorrhizal relationships with fungi.
Plant won’t survive without them.
Fungus receives product of photosynthesis.
Provides phosphorus and nitrogen.
TYPES OF MYCORRIZHAE
Two types of mycorrizhae
Arbuscular mycorrhizae
Ectomycorrhizae
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRIZHAE
Most common and widespread
Fungus penetrate inside the cell
Form branched shrubby structure ARBUSCULE
Members of phylum GLOMEROMYCOTA
ECTOMYCORRIZHAE
Not widespread
Fungus don’t penetrate in root cells
Nutrient exchange through cell membrane and fungal and plant cell wall
Members of class AGARICOMYCOTINA
RELATION WITH SQUIRRELS
Squirrels increase soil fertility
Eats plant attacking organisms e.g snails
They get food
Help increasing trees
Also eat leaves.
QUESTIONS??
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