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W MOHD TALQIFF IMAN BIN WAN AHMAD RAFIDI
PK/ PJ/ BM
SEM. 3/ 2011
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What is an adjective?yAn adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by
describing, identifying, or quantifying words
yAn adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronounwhich it modifies
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yAdjectives usually answer three questions about the
nouns they describe :-y What kind of?
y I found a redrose in the cave.
y What kind of rose? Red.
y How many?
y Three tickets, please.
y How many tickets? Three.
y Whichone(s)?
y I would eat these muffins.
y Which muffins? These.
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Type of Adjective
y Possessive Adjectives
y Demonstrative Adjectivesy Interrogative Adjectives
y Common Adjectives
y Proper Adjectives
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Possessive Adjectivesy Apossessive adjective ("my," "your," "his," "her," "its,"
"our," "their") is similar or identical to a possessive pronoun
y However, it is used as an adjective and modifies a noun ora noun phrase, as in the following sentences:
y I can't complete myassignment because I don't have the textbook.
y In this sentence, the possessive adjective "my" modifies"assignment
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y What is your phone number.
y Here the possessive adjective "your" is used to modifythe noun phrase "phone number
y We have lost ourway in this wood.
y In this sentence, the possessive adjective "our"modifies "way"
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Demonstrative adjectivey this, that, these, those are called demonstrative adjectives.
y
They point out nouns.
y They always answer the question whichone?
y Example:
y Lets playthis game and later watch that movie.
y This apartment needs to be fumigated.
y Here, "this" modifies apartment and game & thatmodifies movie
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Interrogative Adjectives
y An interrogative adjective ("which" or "what") is like aninterrogative pronoun
y Except that it modifies a noun or noun phrase rather thanstanding on its owny Which plants should be watered twice a week?
yLike other adjectives, "which" can be used to modify a nounor a noun phrase
y In this example, "which" modifies "plants"
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Common adjective
yA simple, regular adjective
y It describes a noun in a general way
y Example :
y sharp, flexible, hot, red, hidden, dripping, nice, huge,small, big, tall,
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Proper adjectivey Derived from a proper noun and is capitalized
y Proper noun Proper adjectivey
China Chinesey California Californiany Mars Martiany Spain Spanishy Christianity Christiany Japan Japanesey
Hollywood ollywoody Texas Texas
y Sometimes, as in last two examples, a proper noun does not change atall to become a proper adjective.
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Where an adjective goes in a
sentence.y Usually an adjective comes in front of the noun it is
describing.
y
The big balloon floated over the darksea.
yAn adjective can also come after a linking verb like tobe, and describe the subject of the sentence.
y In this case it is called predicate adjective.y The balloon was dark.
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Comparison of adjectivesy Positive degree the simplest form.
y Comparative degree comparing two things or
persons.y Superlative degree comparing three or more things
or persons.
Positive Comparative SuperlativeLargeHorrible
LargerMore horrible
LargestMost horrible
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How to compare adjectivesyAdd -erand -est to short adjectives of one syllable
(sometimes two syllables)
Positive Comparative Superlative
short shorter shortest
great greater greatest
small smaller smallest
Old older oldest
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y If a short adjective ends with consonant and y, change
they to i and adder
andest.
Positive Comparative Superlative
lucky luckier luckiest
heavy heavier heaviest
ugly uglier ugliest
happy happier happiest
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y If a short adjective ends with e, add -erand -st.
Positive Comparative Superlative
fine finer Finest
little littler littlest
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y Put more(less) and most(least) in front of longer
adjectives (with two or more syllables) to showcomparison.
Positive Comparative Superlative
appealing Less appealing Least appealing
remarkable More remarkable Most remarkable
beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful
alert More alert Most alert
Ifyouare uncertainwhethertoadderandest ortousemore andmost, thencheckdictionary.
Inmostcases,youcantrustyourears.
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y Some adjectives are irregular adjectives and don't followthee rules.
y They change form considerably from one degree to thenext.
List of irregular adjectives
Positive Comparative Superlative
bad worse worst
far further Furthest
far farther Farthest
good better Best
many more Most
Well (healthy) better best
Never use eror est at the same time youuse more or most.These are incorrect: more shorter, most
alertest
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Incomparable adjectivesy Some adjectives cannot be compared because the
positive (simplest) form expresses the only degree
possible.
y List of incomparable adjectives:
y perfect, unique, fatal, universal, dead, wrong, straight,
blind, final, vertical, right, left
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