Pineal and Pancreas Gland
Charlie Lee and Ethan HartmanPeriod 5 Anatomy
Function & Importance of the Endocrine SystemEndocrine Sys-
tem1. Collection of glands2. Glands produce hor-
mones3. Hormones regulate
a. Metabolismb. Growth/Developmentc. Tissue Functiond. Sexual maturity/repro-duction
e. Sleep and Moodf. Etc…
Pineal and Pancreas Glands
Pineal Gland Pancreas Gland
It is located near the center of the brain and has a tiny pine cone shape.
A long, flat gland that lies in the abdomen behind the stomach.
Location of the two glands
Role/FunctionPineal Gland Pancreas Gland
1. Enzymes secreted by the exocrine gland in the pancreas help break down carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and acids in the duodenum.
2. The hormones, insulin and glucagon, secreted by the endocrine gland regulate the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
1. Manages alertness or consciousness of one's self and produces "melatonin" which regulates the sleep/wake patterns
Hormones Pancreas Pineal
Insulin Glycogen
Melatonin
Insulin A peptide hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood
glucose levels Insulin helps the amino acids that are extracted from dietary
proteins assimilate into new proteins. It also helps store the breakdown of ingested fats into triglycerides
Stimulates insulin receptors which causes an increase in the glucose uptake
Glucagon A peptide hormone that elevates blood glucose levels
Is produced in response to low blood sugar Encourages the metabolism of fats until
blood levels return to normal
Reverse effect of insulin
MelatoninRegulates bodies daily rhythm. Indicator of exposure to daylight Increase of production when darkness
falls peaking at 2 to 4 AMBelieved to play some role in sleep
Type 1 Diabetes As known as insulin dependent diabetes or juvenile
diabetesAuto immune disease where the body's own immune
system destroys the beta cells of the pancreas, the cells that create insulin.
Have to inject insulin everyday
Pancreatic Cancer Cancer of the pancreas Early symptoms, such as abdominal pain and discomfort, nausea, diarrhea, belching, a feeling of fullness, intolerance for fatty foods, weight loss, loss of appetite, and loss of strength and energy, resemble those of other digestive disordersLater symptoms may include jaundice, severe back pain, and itchy skin
Interesting factsThe pancreas is carrot shapedPancreatic cancer is the second
deadly cancer among males behind lung cancer
No one is really positive what mela-tonin does
Endocrine pancreatic cancer only ac-counts for 5% of all pancreatic can-cer cases
Concept Check Questions1. How do glucagon and insulin
balance the blood sugar levels in the human body?
2. What are the two functions of the Pancreas Gland?
3. Why do Type 1 Diabetes pa-tients have to inject insulin to their blood everyday?
4. Why is it harder to fall asleep when the light is on?
Answers1. Insulin lowers and glucagon elevates blood
sugar levels thus balancing the glucose level of the body.
2. a. Release of digestive enzymes b. Regulation of blood sugar levels
3. The body's own immune system destroys the beta cells of the pancreas, the cells that create insulin. Thus, the pancreas cannot create insulin.
4. Melatonin production is shut down with the presence of light. You need the eye to detect darkness to produce melatonin.
Work cited Petit, William A., Jr., and Christine Adamec. "melatonin." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE48&SID=5&iPin=EEDD0179&SingleRecord=True>.Petit, William A., Jr., and Christine Adamec. "insulin." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 5 Mar. 2013. <http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE48&SID=5&iPin=EEDD0158&SingleRecord=True>.Petit, William A., Jr., and Christine Adamec. "diabetes mellitus." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE48&SID=5&iPin=ENDB0075&SingleRecord=True>.Sarg, Michael J., and Ann D. Gross. "pancreatic cancer." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE48&SID=5&iPin=CDTE1271&SingleRecord=True>.Shmaefsky, Brian R. "The Endocrine Glands and Hormones." Applied Anatomy and Physiology. St. Paul: Paradigm, 2007. 258-82. Print.
Photos http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Insulin_glucose_metabolism_ZP.svg
http://www.baileybio.com/plogger/images/anatomy___physiology/09._powerpoint_-_endocrine_system/glucagon_-_camp.jpg
http://www.themuslimtimes.org/2012/10/science/melatonin-helps-patients-with-high-blood-pressure-to-sleep
http://www.healthcentral.com/diabetes/h/macromolecules-and-diabetes.html
http://www.typefreediabetes.com/Articles.asp?ID=300http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Pancreatic+Neoplasms&lang=1
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