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BZ572 - Phytoremediation
Elizabeth Pilon-SmitsBiology DepartmentE413 ANAZO
491-4991epsmitslamar!"olostate!e#$
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%et&s hear 'rom yo$
Please write on piece of paper:Degree, major/department, reg./auditing?
What is your career goal?
How does phytoremediation fit in?
Any particular aspects of phytoremediation
you are most interested in?
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BZ()* + ,o$rse n'o
Text:
No oo!, only papers from course wesite
Topics:
"#ntro to phytoremediation"$hyto of inorganics%&"$hyto of organics%&"' (a e)pt, ' trip to a la, ' field trip *if interest&,
+ guest lectures, in"class e)ercises, jo info%& mechanisms of upta!e, translocation, deto)ification,
effects of soil, microes on remediation, approaches to
enhance phyto efficiency, including genetic engineering
.eb"t
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Exams:+- of total grade" ' midterm ' final e)am *not comprehensie&
/ra#ing0 ,onentional2 no "$ring
essay 0uestions
Term paper & presentation:1- of grade"write we page/proposal/reiew present
In-class participation:2- of grade"la report, in"class group assignments,
literature discussions
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Introdction to Phytoremediation
istoryStat$s
5ses
Phytoreme#iation strategies
A#antages
%imitations
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!istory of phytoremediation
'or "ent$ries0.etlan#s $se# 'or.aste treatment in E$rope
last "ent$ry0metal hypera""$m$lator
plants #is"oere# - $se# as in#i"ators 'or mining
1967s0- s$per'$n# a"t 8196 - 6!( billion :;- i#ea to $se hypera""$m$lator
plants 'or metal "lean$p 8,haney;
19)7s0- "lean .ater a"t2 "lean air a"t
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istory o' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;
199(0 'irst phytorem! "on'eren"e
phytoreme#iation ta
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istory o' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;
*7770 EPA phyto "on'eren"e
*7770 1stphyto 'a"$lty positions
*7770 1stphyto "o$rse 8this one;
*7712 *7730 1st2 *n#phyto "all 'or proposals8NS?@EPA@DOE;
*7772 *7710 1st2 *n#pro'essors in phyto
85 i"h2 5 S-,arolina;
199(0 ?irst phyto "on'eren"e ,ol$mbia O
19940 erm phytoreme#iation 'irst $se#8=as
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5!S! phytoreme#iation mar
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*77 'iel# proe"ts- '$n#e# mostly by EPA2 DOD2 DOE- some "ommer"ial@oint proe"ts
9 p$rely phytorem! "ompanies) "onstr$"te# .etlan# "ompanies
F 47 "ons$lting@engin! "ompaniesthat also #o phytoreme#iation
Stat$s o' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;
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ses of phytoremediation
airsoils2 se#iments
gro$n#.ater.aste.ater streams
- in#$strial
- agri"$lt$ral- m$ni"ipal2 se.age
=eme#iation o' #i''erent me#ia0
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5ses o' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;
inorgani"s0
- metals 8Pb2 ,#2 Zn2 ,r2 g;- metalloi#s 8Se2 As;- Gn$trientsH 8I2 P2 N2 S;- ra#ion$"li#es 8,s2 5;
=eme#iation o' #i''erent poll$tants0
organi"s0
- P,Bs- PAs- ,E- N
-BE- pesti"i#es- petrole$m hy#ro"arbons
Et"!
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5ses o' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;
'arming poll$te# soil
irrigation .ith poll$te# gro$n#.ater
letting trees tap into gro$n#.ater
letting plants 'ilter .ater streams"onstr$"te# .etlan#s2 hy#roponi"s
=eme#iation $sing #i''erent systems0
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!ydralic 'arrier#i''erent systems0
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(e)etati*e cap#i''erent systems0
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,onstr$"te# .etlan#s
#i''erent systems0
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#i''erent systems0hy#roponi"s .ith poll$te# .aste.ater
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Roots of mustardExtend into euent
Acting as lters for heavy metals
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' h # 8 ;
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5ses o' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;
trees
Pop$lar plants 'or phytoreme#iation
ario$s organi"smetals
poplar
.illo.
g$mtree
yello. poplar
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5ses o' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;
?or inorgani"s
Pop$lar plants 'or phytoreme#iation
grasses
8"ont!;0
Brassi"a $n"eaAlyss$m
hlaspi
Brassi"a"eae0
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5ses o' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;
Pop$lar plants 'or phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;0
hemp
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5ses o' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;
Pop$lar plants 'or phytoreme#iation
parrot 'eather
poplar2 .illo.spartina
halophytes
sali"ornia
ree#
aJ$ati" plants"attail
'or organi"s
'or inorgani"s
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Phytoremediation
+echanical,chemical treatment
Soil .ashingEK"aation L reb$rial,hemi"al "lean$p o' [email protected]
,omb$stion
n sit$
EK sit$?ossil '$els 'or energy
Solar energy
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Phytoreme#iation s!e"hani"al@"hemi"al treatment
,heaper
d*anta)eso' phytoreme#iation
17 - 177K
EK"aation > reb$rial0 $p to :1 million@a"re
=eegetation0 :*72777@a"re
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Phytoreme#iation s!e"hani"al@"hemi"al treatment
d*anta)eso' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;
%ess intr$sie
,an be more permanent sol$tion
Better p$bli" a""eptan"e
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.imitationso' phytoreme#iation
Phytoreme#iation s!e"hani"al@"hemi"al treatment 8"ont!;
,an be slo.er%imite# by rate o' biologi"al pro"esses
- etaboli" brea
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.imitationso' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;
Phytoreme#iation s!e"hani"al@"hemi"al treatment 8"ont!;
%imite# root #epthrees F prairie grasses F 'orbs2 other grasses
aK #epth ( m
,an be in"rease#$p to *7m .ith
G#eep plantingH
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.imitationso' phytoreme#iation 8"ont!;
Phytoreme#iation s!e"hani"al@"hemi"al treatment 8"ont!;
Plant toleran"e to poll$tant@"on#itions
Bioaailability o' "ontaminant
- Bigger problem .ith metals than organi"s- ,an be alleiate# $sing amen#ments2 or
treating hot spots by other metho#
- Bioaailability "an be enhan"e# by amen#ments
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So2 .hen "hoose phytoreme#iation
S$''i"ient time aailable Poll$tion shallo. eno$ghPoll$tant "on"entrations not phytotoKi"
?or ery large J$antities o' mil#ly"ontaminate# s$bstrate0phytoreme#iation only "ost-e''e"tie option
Note0 Phyto may be $se# in "on$n"tion .ith other reme#iation metho#s
:: limite#
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Phytoremediation processes
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Phytoreme#iation pro"esses
phytosta'ili/ation
Ph t t 'ili ti
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Phytosta'ili/ation0poll$tant immobilize# in soil
- etals- Non-bioaailable organi"s
1! Plants re#$"e lea"hing2 erosion2 r$no''
poll$tant stays in pla"e*! Plants L mi"robes may trans'orm poll$tantto less bioaailable 'orm
8e!g! metal pre"ipitation on roots;
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phytostimlation
Phytoreme#iation pro"esses
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Phytostimlation0 plant roots stim$late#egra#ation o' poll$tantby rhizosphere mi"robes
Organi"se!g!P,Bs2 PAs
ba"teria2 '$ngi
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phytode)radation
Phytoreme#iation pro"esses
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Phytode)radation0
plants #egra#e [email protected]$t $pta
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accmlation
phytoextraction
Phytoreme#iation pro"esses
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Phytoreme#iation pro"esses
phyto*olatili/ation
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Phyto*olatili/ation0 poll$tant release#in olatile 'orm into the air
some metal8loi#;s0 Se2 As2 gsome olatile organi"s0 ,E2 BE
Phytoremediation applications may in*ol*e
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stabilization degradation
volatilization
accumulation
Phytoremediation applications may in*ol*emltiple processes at once
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0hi/ofiltration
.ater
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0hi/ofiltration0 poll$tant remoe# 'rom.ater by plant roots in hy#roponi" system
'or inorgani"s
Plant roots > shoots harestable8may be $se# to mine metals;
or #ispose# a'ter minimizing ol$me
metalsmetalloi#sra#ion$"li#es
y#roponi"s 'or metal reme#iation0
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=hizo'iltration
y#roponi"s 'or metal reme#iation0)( o' metals remoe# 'rom mine #rainage
noles0phytoeKtra"tion
phytostabilization
,onstr$"te# .etlan# 'or Se reme#iation0
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,onstr$"te# .etlan# 'or Se reme#iation0
noles0
phytoeKtra"tionphytoolatilizationphytostabilization
8rhizo'iltration;8phytostim$lation;
)( o' Se remoe# 'rom ag #rainage .ater
1 t l tt ti ll t # it l 't l
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1atral attenation0poll$te# site le't aloneb$t monitore#
(e)etati*e cap0poll$te# site reegetate#2 then le't alone2 monitore#
[email protected]$ta##ing
"lean topsoil
!ydralic 'arrier Cater 'lo. re#ire"te#
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!ydralic 'arrier
!2
Cater 'lo. re#ire"te#Poll$tants inter"epte#
Phytoreme#iation proe"t 8199 ;
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Phytoreme#iation proe"t 8199-;8Phyto
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Phytoreme#iation proe"t 8199(-1996;8Phytote"h in"!;
Ne. Qersey siteSoil poll$te# .ith lea# 8Pb;
Plante# .ith n#ian m$star# 8Brassi"a $n"ea;
=es$lts 8a'ter 3 gro.ing seasons;0
bare soil0 re#$"tion in Pbegetate# soil0 *9 re#$"tion in Pb
Pro"ess PhytoeKtra"tion
Ph t m #i ti n p t 8199);
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Phytoreme#iation proe"t 8199);8,OE;
ississippi site/ro$n#.ater poll$te# .ith Np$mpe# thro$gh "onstr$"te# .etlan#
=es$lts09( re#$"tion in N
en#ogeno$s plant enzymes 'o$n# to#egra#e N
Pro"ess Phyto#egra#ation
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Some light rea#ing0
Print 'rom ,o$rse CebsiteEPA0 ,itizen&s g$i#e to Phytoreme#iation
EPA0 ,itizen&s g$i#e to Nat$ral Atten$ation
Pilon-Smits2 *77(
Phytoreme#iation 8reie.;Ann =e Plant Biology
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