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Physiology of Fitness
Energy systems and their role insport and exercise
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Learning Outcomes
List the 3 main energy systems and their cellular fuel
Describe the 3 energy systems giving sports related
examples
Explain why some sports require more of one energy system
than another
Measure and record the bodys responses to different types
of exercise
Explain the recorded measurements
Produce a short magazine article describing the three main
energy systems using examples.
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Actin & Myosin
What are the
contractile proteinsin muscle?
Actin & Myosin
http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=gJ309
LfHQ3M
http://www.physics31
10.org/images/240_
actin.gif
The key terms to remember
from that clip are: ATP
ADP + Creatine Phosphate
Myosin
Actin
When ATP is released onto
myosin the chemical bond
breaks releasing a lot ofenergy causing actin and
myosin filaments to contract
ie muscle contraction
Contractile
proteins
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ309LfHQ3Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ309LfHQ3Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ309LfHQ3Mhttp://www.physics3110.org/images/240_actin.gifhttp://www.physics3110.org/images/240_actin.gifhttp://www.physics3110.org/images/240_actin.gifhttp://www.physics3110.org/images/240_actin.gifhttp://www.physics3110.org/images/240_actin.gifhttp://www.physics3110.org/images/240_actin.gifhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ309LfHQ3Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ309LfHQ3Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ309LfHQ3M8/12/2019 Physiology of Fitness Nrgsy Stems-lesson
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What is ATP?
ATP is a protein
(Adenosine) with 3phosphates attached
to it
When chemical bonds
are broken, energy isreleased and ATP
becomes ADP
(Adenosine
diphosphate Di=2)
The energy from this
breaking is used to
make muscles contract
The release of energy from ATP
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Energy Systems
What are the 3 main
energy systems thatconvert chemical fuel
from food into energy?
1. Creatine PhosphateSystem
2. Lact ic Acid Sys tem
3. Aero bic Energ y
System
What is this?
The mitochondrion,
shown here, is a tiny
cellular structure that turns
chemical fuel into cellular
energy ie ATP.
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Creatine Phosphate System
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Creatine Phosphate System
CP System
(immediate energy)
Here ATP is made without
the presence of oxygen.
When exercise intensity is
high, or energy needs areinstantaneous, creatine
phosphate stored in your
muscle is broken down to
provide energy to make
ATP.
Explosive work can be
achieved, but only for short
periods of time at maximum
intensity, as the supply of
creatine phosphate is very
limited, up to 10 seconds.
Act iv i ty
List as many sports activities
as possible that use mainly
the CP system.
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Creatine Phosphate System
Primary energy source:
Duration of activity:
Sporting events:
Advantages:
Limiting factors:
Stored ATP, CP
7-12 s
Weight lifting, high jump, long jump, 100mrun, 25m swim
Produce very large amount of energy in a
short amount of time
Initial concentration of high energyphosphates (ATP, PC)
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Creatine Phosphate System
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Training The CP System
a) Interval training:eg 1min low intensity 1min high intensity& repeat
- 20% increase in CP (creatine phosphate) stores
- no change in ATP stores
- increase in ATPase function (ATP -> ADP+P)
- increase in CPK (creatine phosphokinase) function(CPK breaks down CP molecule and allows ATPresynthesis)
b) Sprint training:
- increase in CP stores up to 40%
- 100% increase in resting ATP stores
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Lactic Acid Energy System
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Lactic Acid Energy System
high intensity exercise
up to 2 minutes.
ATP is made by the
partial breakdown of
glucose and glycogen.
This is caused byanaerobic glycolysis
Its an anaerobic
process (no O2)
Where does the body store
glycogen? Muscles
Liver
What is the by-product of
anaerobic glycolysis?
Lactic acid
http://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=JLaVIPlPm6g&feature=
related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLaVIPlPm6g&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLaVIPlPm6g&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLaVIPlPm6g&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLaVIPlPm6g&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLaVIPlPm6g&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLaVIPlPm6g&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLaVIPlPm6g&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLaVIPlPm6g&feature=related8/12/2019 Physiology of Fitness Nrgsy Stems-lesson
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Lactic Acid Energy System
Primary energy source:
Duration of activity:
Sporting events:
Advantages:
Limiting factors:
Stored glycogen, blood glucose
12 s3 min
Lactic acid build up, H+ ions build up(decrease of pH)
800m run, 200m swim, downhill ski racing,1500 speed skating
Ability to produce energy under conditions of
inadequate oxygen
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Lactic Acid Energy System
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Lactic Acid Energy System
naerobic Threshold The exercise intensity at which lactic acid begins to
accumulate within the blood
The point during exercise where the person begins to feeldiscomfort and burning sensations in their muscles
Lactic acid is used to store pyruvate and hydrogen ions untilthey can be processed by the aerobic system
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Lactic Acid Energy System
The primary source of substrates is carbohydrate
Carbohydrates: primary dietary source of glucose
primary energy fuels for brain, muscles, heart,
liver
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Aerobic Energy System
Primary energy source:
Duration of activity:
Sporting events:
Advantages:
Limiting factors:
Glycogen, glucose, fats, proteins
> 3 min
Lung function, max.blood flow, oxygenavailability, excess. energy demands
Walking, jogging, swimming,
walking up stairs
Large output of energy over a long
period of time, removal of lactic acid
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Aerobic Energy System
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Aerobic Energy System
The most importantenergy system in the human body
Blood lactate levelsremain relatively low(3-6mmol/L bl)Primary source of energy (70-95%) for exercise lasting
longer than 10minutesprovided that:a) working muscles have sufficient mitochondria to meet
energy requirements
b) sufficient oxygen is supplied to the mitochondriac) enzymes or intermediate products do not limit the Krebs
cycle
Primary source of energy for the exercise that is
performed at an intensity lower than that of the anaerobic
oxidative system
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Aerobic Energy System
Long term energy,
system for lightexercise and every day
movements.
Uses O2
The production ofenergy in the aerobic
system does not start
instantly.... Why?
In groups discuss thisand write down your
agreed answer
Answer:
It takes a few minutesfor the heart to deliver
oxygenated blood to
the working muscles.
Long, continuous
moderate exercise
produces energy using
this system.
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Types of Sport that use each system
Remember, energy at any given time
is derived from all 3 energy systems.
However the emphasis changes
depending on:
the intensity of the activity
the efficiency of your aerobic fitness
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Energy Systems Summary
1. Creatine Phosphate energy system ...for very short high intensity exercise
ADP + Phosphocreatine ATP + creatine
requires no O2 but only enough stored for
about 10secs e.g. power lifting...
2. Lactic Acid Energy System: short-termenergy system
Glucose 2 ATP + 2 lactic acid + heat
Glycogen 3 ATP + 2 lactic acid + heatrequires no O2 but produces energy for high
intensity exercise for up to 6090 secs e.g. 400m
race..
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Energy Systems Summary
3. Aerobic Energy System: long-term energysystem
Glucose +O2 38 ATP + CO2+ water + heat
Fatty acids + O2 129 ATP + CO2+ water
+ heat
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