Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College (Autonomous), Ernakulam 1
ST. TERESA’S COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
ERNAKULAM
CURRICULUM FOR
BACHELOR’S PROGRAMME IN
PHYSICS
Under Choice Based Credit & Semester System
(2015 Admissions Onwards)
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 2
ST. TERESA’S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), ERNAKULAM
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
BOARD OF STUDIES IN PHYSICS
1. Dr. Rose P. Ignatius, Associate Professor, Dept. of Physics, St.
Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam. (Chairman)
2. Dr. M. K. Jayaraj, Professor, Dept. of Physics, Cochin University
of Science and Technology, Cochin (Expert Recommended by
Vice-chancellor MG University)
3. Prof. S. Jayalekshmi., Professor, Dept. of Physics, Cochin
University of Science and Technology. (Subject Expert)
4. Dr. N. Shaji, Associate Professor, Maharajas College, Ernakulam.
(Subject Expert).
5. Smt. Sailaja A., Chief Manager, Indian Telephone Industries Ltd,
Kanjikode, Palghat (Industry)
6. Smt. Sheena Xavier, Associate Professor, St. Xaviers College for
Women, Aluva (Alumnus)
7. Dr. Kala M.S, Associate Professor,Dept. of Physics, St. Teresa’s
College, Ernakulam.
8. Dr. Santhi. A, Assistant Professor,Dept. of Physics, St. Teresa’s
College, Ernakulam.
9. Dr. Mariyam Thomas, Assistant Professor,Dept. of Physics, St.
Teresa’s College, Ernakulam.
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 3
FACULTY MEMBERS WHO HAVE CONTRIBUTED TOWARDS THE
CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS IN PHYSICS
Dr. Sajimol Augustine M, Controller of Examinations & Head,
Dept. of Physics, St. Teresa’s College Ernakulam
Smt. Tessy Joseph, Associate Professor, Dept. of Physics, St. Teresa’s
College Ernakulam
Dr. Rose P Ignatius, Associate Professor, Dept. of Physics, St.
Teresa’s College Ernakulam
Dr. Kala M S, Associate Professor, Dept. of Physics, St. Teresa’s
College Ernakulam
Smt. Priya Parvathi Ameena Jose, Assistant Professor, Dept. of
Physics, St. Teresa’s College Ernakulam
Smt. Mary Vinaya , Assistant Professor, Dept. of Physics, St.
Teresa’s College Ernakulam
Dr. Santhi A, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Physics, St. Teresa’s
College Ernakulam
Smt. Minu Pius, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Physics, St. Teresa’s
College Ernakulam
Smt. Susan Mathew, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Physics, St.
Teresa’s College Ernakulam
Dr. Mariyam Thomas , Assistant Professor, Dept. of Physics, St.
Teresa’s College Ernakulam
Ms. Sreevidya T M, Guest Lecturer, Dept. of Physics, St. Teresa’s
College, Ernakulam
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Revising syllabus is a continuous process to provide an updated education to the
student community. The prime objective is to frame a dynamic curriculum to
accommodate the fast paced development in the knowledge of Physics.
Our principal Dr. Sr. Vinitha has always rendered motivation and help in all our
ventures and she was the driving force behind this new curriculum. On behalf of
Physics department, St. Teresas college , I am happy to express my sense of
gratitude to her.
In the preparation of this syllabi for core courses of Bachelor’s programme in
Physics, complementary courses in Physics and Physics open courses, we have
received cheerful cooperation and many helpful comments from the members of
Board of studies. It is a special pleasure to thank them for their remarks have
been of great benefit to us in shaping the syllabus.
I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. N. J. Rao, Visiting Professor,
International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore in expressing
and Dr. Rajan Gurukal, Former Vice-Chancellor, M.G. University, currently
Visiting Professor, Centre for Contemporary Studies, Indian Institute of Science,
for their selfless and timely service and for giving us all the help and guidance
we needed . I also acknowledge my thanks to Dr. Achuthshankar S. Nair,
Professor & Head, Department of Computational Biology and Bio Informatics,
University of Kerala, for his invaluable suggestions.
At this juncture I feel deeply honoured in expressing my sincere thanks to
Dr. Sajimol Augustine M. Controller of examinations & Head of Department of
Physics and Smt. Tessy Joseph, St Teresa’s college, Ernakulam for coordinating
the efforts to finalise the syllabus.
I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to all the faculty
members of our department whose collective work and fruitful discussions only
enabled us to structure the syllabus into its final version.
I wish to record my gratitude to our students for their active participation in the
discussions we had on various aspects of curricula.
I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to the
former faculty members of the Department Rev. Sr. Merita, Smt. Daisy A
Punnose, Smt. K A Anne, Smt. Lucy V J, Dr Annie Joseph Vallamattom and
Smt. Shalini Rose who moulded us to face any challenge successfully in the
academic realm.
The suggestions of Dr. Beena Job Associate Professor, Department of English
and IQAC Co-ordinator and Dr. Latha Nair, Associate Professor, Department of
English and member of the Governing Council helped to give shape to the
overall structure.
Dr. Rose P Ignatius
Chairperson, Board of Studies in Physics
St. Teresa’s college (Autonomous), Ernakulam
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 5
CONTENTS
1) Preamble 1
2) Graduate Attributes 2
3) Structure of Bachelor’s programme in Physics 4
4) Scheme of Courses 5
5) Distribution of courses for Bachelor’s programme in Physics 6
6) Scheme- Core Courses 10
7) Scheme- Choice Based Courses 12
8) Scheme- Open Courses 12
9) Scheme- Complementary Courses 13
(for Mathematics)
10) Scheme- Complementary Course 14
(for Chemistry)
11) Examination
a. Sessional Assessment 15
b. Final Assessment 17
c. Computation of CCPA 21
12) Syllabi of Core Courses 23
13) Syllabi of Choice Based Courses 94
14) Syllabi of practical (Core Courses) 120
15) Syllabi of Complementary Physics 126
(for Mathematics)
16) Syllabi for Complementary Physics 147
(for Chemistry)
17) Syllabi of practical (Complementary Courses) 170
18) Syllabi of Open courses 173
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ST. TERESA’S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) ERNAKULAM
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
B.Sc. PROGRAMME IN PHYSICS
Under Choice Based Credit & Semester System
(2015 admissions onwards)
PREAMBLE
Curriculum plays an important role in forging lifelong learning competencies,
and social attitudes. The academic system contributes to the acquisition of
relevant knowledge and development of skills that learners need to apply in the
context of their studies, daily life and career. Board of Studies in Physics has
designed the curriculum for Physics with an aim to support and encourage the
broad instructional goals such as basic knowledge of the discipline of Physics
including phenomenology, theories and techniques, concepts and general
principles. In effect, the desire to pursue learning with curiosity, integrity and
intellectual rigour will be encouraged. This is to be supplemented with the ability
to address the questions related to Physics with qualitative and quantitative
reasoning and by experimental investigation. The thrust is also given in ensuring
flexible pathways to employment, higher research degrees and many
professional postgraduate programmes. With this in mind, we aim to provide a
firm foundation in every aspect of Physics and to explain a broad spectrum of
modern trends in Physics and to develop experimental, computational and
mathematics skills of students.
Department of Physics, St. Teresa’s College, has always played a key role in
designing the curriculum and syllabus of Mahatma Gandhi University and of
various other Universities. The Board of studies acknowledges and appreciates
the good effort put in by the faculty members of Physics Department to frame
the syllabus for B. Sc. Programme in Physics for the institution which will be
implemented for the admissions from 2015 onwards.
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 7
GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES
On completion of the B.Sc. programme in Physics, Students should be able to
demonstrate the graduate attributes listed below.
Systematic functional knowledge and understanding of core physical
concepts, principles and theories and their applications.
Proficiency in the appropriate use of contemporary technology in
Physics.
Ability to apply effective, creative and innovative solutions both
independently and cooperatively to current and future problems in
Physics.
Adequate knowledge in Statistical methods to understand and analyse
problems in science.
Skills in the use of computers for control, data acquisition and data
analysis in experimental investigations.
Efficiency in the analysis of complex physical problems and the use of
mathematical and other appropriate techniques including computer
technology to solve them.
Commitment to the highest standards of professional endeavour.
Ability to work both autonomously and collaboratively.
Proficiency to demonstrate effective communication in oral and written
English language.
Confidence in using a second language Hindi, Malayalam or French for
effective communication.
Ability to be a self-directed learner, fostering a healthy intellectual
curiosity in Physics as well as in other disciplines and the ability to
determine one’s own learning needs and to organise one’s own learning.
Independent to plan, execute, analyse and report upon the results of an
experiment or investigation.
Professional skills of team work, independent learning, information
retrieval, critical analysis and communication of scientific concepts in
writing and orally.
Enthusiasm and curiosity in Physics and its applications and confidence
in the work using principles of Physics.
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 8
Encouraged to become informed, responsible and respected members of
society.
Also the course enables graduates to be ethically informed and able to
Demonstrate respect for the dignity of each individual and for human
diversity.
Recognize responsibility for common good, environment and society.
Demonstrate values, knowledge, skills and attitudes appropriate to the
discipline and profession.
Solve problems taking local and international perspectives into account.
Utilise information and communication and other technologies
effectively for the betterment of society and mankind.
Objectives:
By the end of the first year (2nd semester),
1) The students should have attained a common level understanding in
basic mechanics and properties of matter,
2) A secure foundation in mathematics and other relevant subjects to
complement the core for their future courses,
3) Developed their experimental and data analysis skills through a wide
range of lab experiments.
By the end of the second year (4th semester),
1) The students should have been introduced to a broad spectrum of topics
in Electricity, Electronics and Electrodynamics.
2) Familiarised with additional relevant mathematical techniques and
other relevant subjects to complement the core.
3) Developed their experimental skills through a series of experiments
supplementing major themes of the lecture courses.
4) Obtained effective communication skills.
By the end of the third year (6th semester),
1) The students should have covered a range of topics in almost all areas of
physics including quantum physics, solid state physics, computational
physics, optics and spectroscopy, nuclear physics, thermal and statistical
physics and electronics,
2) Undergone through the experience of independent work such as projects;
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 9
seminars and assignments,
3) Specialised in one of the frontier area of Physics via Choice Based
learning.
STRUCTURE OF BACHELOR’S PRGRAMME IN PHYSICS
The B.Sc. programme in Physics includes (a) Common courses, (b) Core
courses, (c) Complementary Courses, (d) Open Courses and (e) Project. No
course shall carry more than 5 credits. The student shall select any Choice based
course offered by the department which offers the core courses, depending on the
availability of teachers and infrastructure facilities, in the institution. Open
course shall be offered in any subject and the student shall have the option to do
courses offered by other departments.
Courses
The Bachelor’s programme contains 33 courses in six semesters. The total
credits of all the courses of the programme are 120. The number of Courses for
the programme should contain 12 compulsory core courses and 1 choice based
course from the frontier area of the core courses and a project; 8 complementary
course, from the relevant subjects for complementing the core of study. There
should be 10 common courses which includes the first and second language of
study. The programme also includes 1 project and 1 open course.
Open course and Choice Based Core course
All students are expected to do one open course of their choice from any
discipline other than their parent discipline. Departments have the freedom to
change current papers /choose other papers if found relevant. But changes should
not affect number of teaching hours (workload of each teacher) of each
department. All students have to also do a choice based course.
Project
All students shall do a project related to the core course. The project can be
done individually or as a group of maximum 3 students. However, the viva on
this project will be conducted individually. The projects are to be identified
during the 5th semester of the programme with the help of the supervising
teacher. The report of the project in duplicate is to be submitted to the
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department by the end of 6th semester and are to be produced before the
external examiners.
SCHEME OF COURSES
Courses No. Credits
Common Courses
10 38
Core Courses
12 46
Project
1 1
Choice based core
1 3
Complementary
courses I& II
8 28
Open Courses 1
4
Total
33
50 (Core)
28 (Complementary)
4 (Open course)
38 (Common)
Grand Total
33 120
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DISTRIBUTION OF COURSES FOR BACHELOR’S PROGRAMME IN
PHYSICS
Sem
este
r
Title of the Course
Num
ber o
f hou
rs p
er w
eek
Num
ber
of
cred
its
Tota
l C
redit
s
Tota
l hou
rs/s
emes
ter
Exam
Dura
tion
Total Marks
Ses
sional
Fin
al
1
English I (Common course) 5 4 4 90 3 20 80
English II(Common course) 4 3 3 72 3 20 80
Second Language 4 4 4 72 3 20 80
Methodology in Physics and
Simple Harmonic Motion 2 2 2 72 3 10 60
Practical 2 * * *
Complementary I 4 3 3 72 3 20 80
(Mathematics-)
Complementary II 4 3 3 72 3 20 80
Statistics
2
English I(Common course ) 5 4 4 90 3 20 80
English II(Common course ) 4 3 3 72 3 20
80
Second Language 4 4 4 72 3 20 80
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Mechanics and 2 2 4 72 3 10 60
Properties of Matter
Practical 2 2 3 20 40
Complementary I 4 3 3 72 3
20 80
(Mathematics )
Complementary II
(Statistics)
4 3 3 72 3 20 80
3
English (Common Course ) 5 4 4 90 3 20 80
Second Language 5 4 4 90 3 20 80
Electronics 3 3 3 90 3 10 60
Practical 2 *
Complementary I
(Mathematics) 5 4 4 90 3 20 80
Complementary II
(Statistics) 5 4 4 90 3 20 80
4
English (Common Course) 5 4 4 90 3 20 80
Second Language 5 4 4 90 3 20 80
Electricity and
Electrodynamics 3 3 5 90 3 10 60
Practical 2 2
Complementary
I(Mathematics) 5 4 4 90 3 20 80
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Complementary II
(Statistics) 5 4 4 90 3 20 80
5
Classical and Quantum
Mechanics 3 3 4 90 3 10 60
Practical 2 *
Physical Optics and
Photonics 3 3 4 90 3 10 60
Practical 2 *
Thermal and Statistical
Physics 3 3 4 90 3 10 60
Practical 2 *
Digital Electronics 3 3 4 90 3 10 60
Practical 2 *
Project 1 * * * * * *
Open course 4 4 4 72 3 20 80
6
Computational Physics 3 3 5 90 3 10 60
Practical 2 2
Nuclear and Particle Physics 3 3 5 90 3 10 60
Practical 2 2
Condensed Matter Physics 3 3 5 90 3 10 60
Practical 2 2
Relativity and Spectroscopy 3 3 5 90 3 10 60
Practical 2 2
Choice Based Course 4 3 3 72 3 20 80
Project 1 1 1 18 * 20 80
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* Two hours will be allotted for Practical for each core course in all
semesters. But the practical examination will be conducted on even
semesters alone.
* One hour will be allotted for doing Project in fifth and sixth semester and
project evaluation will be done at the end of sixth semester.
Course Code
Every course in the programme should be coded according to the following
criteria. The first two letters of the code indicates the name of programme ie. PH
for Physics. One digit to indicate the semester. ie., PH1 (Physics, 1st semester)
followed by the letter A, B,C indicating whether the course is common course or
core course or complementary course respectively. Next digits indicate course
number. The letter/letters T/ P / PR follows it to indicate theory/ practical/
project. The last letter will be B which indicates the programme is for bachelors.
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 15
SCHEME: CORE COURSES
Sem
este
r
Course code Title of the Course Number of hours per week
Numberof
credits
Total Credits
Total hours/seme
ster
1
PH1B01TB Methodology in Physics and
Simple Harmonic Motion 2 2 2 72
PH2B01PB Practical 2 *
2 PH2B02TB Mechanics and 2 2 4 72
Properties of Matter
PH2B01PB Practical 2 2
3 PH3B03PB Electronics 3 3 3 90
PH4B02PB Practical 2 *
4 PH4B04TB
Electricity and Electrodynamics 3 3 5 90
PH4B02PB Practical 2 2
PH5B05TB
Classical andQuantum Mechanics 3 3 3 90
PH6B03PB Practical 2 *
5
PH5B06TB
Physical Optics and Photonics 3 3 3 90
PH6B04PB Practical 2 *
PH5B07TB Thermal and Statistical Physics 3 3 3 90
PH6B05PB Practical 2 *
PH5B08TB Digital Electronics 3 3 3 90
PH6B06PB Practical 2 *
PH6B1PRB Project 1 * 1 18
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PH5D01TB Open course 4 4 4 72
PH6B09TB Computational Physics 3 3 5 90
PH6B03PB Practical 2 2
6 PH6B10TB Nuclear and Particle Physics 3 3 5 90
PH6B04PB Practical 2 2
PH6B11TB Condensed Matter Physics 3 3 5 90
PH6B05PB Practical 2 2
PH6B12TB Relativity and Spectroscopy 3 3 5 90
PH6B06PB Practical 2 2
PH6B13TB Choice Based Course 4 3 3 72
PH6B1PRB Project 1 1 1 18
* Two hours will be allotted for Practical for each core course in all
semesters. Choice based course does not have practical hours. The
practical examination will be conducted only in even semesters.
* One hour will be allotted for doing Project each in fifth and sixth
semesters and project evaluation will be done at the end of sixth
semester.
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 17
SCHEME: CHOICE BASED COURSES OFFERED BY THE
DEPARTMENT
Semester Course Code Title of the Course Number
of hours
per week
Number
of
credits
Total
hours
per
semester
6
PH6B13aTB Nano Science and
Nano Technology 4 3 72
PH6B13bTB Alternate Energy
Sources 4 3 72
PH6B13cTB Information
Technology 4 3 72
PH6B13dTB Astronomy and
Astrophysics 4 3 72
PH6B13eTB Optoelectronics 4 3 72
SCHEME: OPEN COURSES OFFERED BY THE DEPARTMENT FOR
OTHER DESCIPLINES
Semester Course Code Title of the
Course
Number
of hours
per
week
Number of
credits
Total
hours per
semester
5 PH5D01aTB Amateur
Astronomy 4 4 72
PH5D01bTB Energy and
Environmental
Studies
4 4 72
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 18
SCHEME: COMPLEMENTARY COURSES OFFERED BY THE
DEPARTMENT
1. Physics for Bachelor’s Programme in Mathematics:
Seme
ster
Course
Number Number Total Total
Title of the course of hours of Credits Hours /
per week credits semester
1
PH1CM1TB Properties of Matter,
Mechanics and Fourier
analysis
2 2 2 72
PH2CM1PB Practical 2 *
2
PH2CM2TB Magnetic phenomena,
Thermodynamics and
Special theory of Relativity
2 2 4 72
PH2CM1PB Practical 2 2
3
PH3CM3TB Quantum, Mechanics,
Spectroscopy, Nuclear
Physics, Basic Electronics
and Digital Electronics
3 3 3 90
PH3CM2PB Practical 2 *
4 PH4CM4TB Physical Optics, Laser
Physics and Astrophysics 3 3 5 90
PH4CM2PB
Practical 2 2
* Two hours will be allotted for Practical for each complementary course in
all semesters. But the practical examination will be conducted on even
semesters alone.
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SCHEME: COMPLEMENTARY COURSES OFFERED BY THE
DEPARTMENT
2. Physics for Bachelor’s Programme in Chemistry:
Sem
este
r
Cours
e co
de
Title of the course
Number
of hours
per week
Number
of
credits
Total
Credits
Total
hours per
semester
1
PH1CC1TB Properties of Matter,
Mechanics and Particle
Physics
2 2 2 72
PH2CC1PB Practical 2 *
2 PH2CC2TB Magnetic Phenomena,
Thermodynamics and
Elementary Solid State
Physics
2 2 4 72
PH2CC1PB Practical 2 2
3 PH3CC3TB Quantum Mechanics,
Spectroscopy, Nuclear
Physics and Electronics
3 3 3 90
PH3CC2PB Practical 2 *
4 PH4CC4TB Physical Optics, Laser
Physics and
Superconductivity
3 3 5 90
PH4CC2PB Practical 2 2
* Two hours will be allotted for Practical for each complementary course in
all semesters. But the practical examination will be conducted on even
semesters alone.
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 20
EXAMINATIONS
The evaluation of each course shall contain two parts such as Sessional
Assessment and Final Assessment. The Sessional and Final Assessments shall
be made using Mark based Grading system based on 7-point scale. Overall ratio
of Final to Sessional will be maintained as 80: 20.
a. SESSIONAL ASSESSMENT
The Sessional evaluation is to be done by continuous assessments on the
following components. The components of the evaluation for theory and
practical and their weights are as below.
I. Distribution of sessional marks:
a. For courses without practical
Attendance- 5 marks
Assignment- 5 marks
Test paper- 10 marks
Total -20marks
b. For courses with practical
Odd semesters(Theory only)
Attendance- 3 marks
Assignment-2marks
Test paper- 5marks
Total -10marks
Even semesters (Theory and Practical)
For Theory Paper
Attendance - 3 marks
Assignment - 2marks
Test paper - 5marks
Total - 10 marks
For Practical
Attendance - 3 marks
Record - 5 marks
Test Paper -10 marks
Lab involvement - 2 marks
Total - 20 marks
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II. Attendance Evaluation
A student should have a minimum of 75% attendance. Those who do not have
the minimum requirement for attendance will not be allowed to appear for the
Final Examinations.
Marks for attendance:
For courses without practical
90% - 100% - 5marks
85% - 89% - 4 marks
80% - 84%- 3 marks
75% - 79% - 2 marks
For courses with practical
90% - 100% - 3 marks
85% - 89% - 2.5marks
80% - 84%- 2marks
75% - 79% - 1.5 marks
III. Assignment/Seminar
1st to 5th semesters - Assignments/Seminar
6th semester – Seminar only
IV. Test Paper
Average mark of two sessional examinations shall be taken.
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b. FINAL ASSESSMENT
The final examination of all semesters shall be conducted by the institution on
the close of each semester. For reappearance/ improvement, students may
appear along with the next batch.
I. Pattern of Questions
Questions shall be set to assess knowledge acquired, application of knowledge in
life situations, critical evaluation of knowledge and the ability to synthesize
knowledge. The question setter shall ensure that questions covering all skills are
set. He/She shall also submit a detailed scheme of evaluation along with the
question paper.
A question paper shall be a judicious mix of very short answer type, short
answer type, short essay type / problem solving type and long essay type
questions.
The pattern of question for core courses and complementary courses offered for
Mathematics and Chemistry are listed below.
1. The duration of examination is 3 hours.
2. Each question paper has four parts A, B, C & D.
3. Part A contains 5 questions of 1 mark each which the candidate has
to answer all.
4. Part B contains 8 short answer type questions spanning the entire
syllabus and the candidate has to answer 5 questions. Each question
carries 2 marks.
5. Part C contains 8 problem type questions spanning the entire syllabus
and the candidate has to answer 5 questions. But, for open courses, Part
C contains short essay type questions only. Each question carries 5
marks.
6. Part D contains 4 essay type questions spanning the entire syllabus and
the candidate has to answer 2 questions. Each question carries 10
marks.
7. The total marks of each core course other than elective course in B.Sc.
Physics programme is 60.
Courses such as common courses, open course and elective course do not
contain practical courses. The pattern of question for those courses without
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 23
practical are listed below.
1. Each question paper has four parts A, B, C & D.
2. Part A contains 6 questions of 1 mark each all of which the candidate
has to answer.
3. Part B contains 10 short answer type questions spanning the entire
syllabus and the candidate has to answer 7 questions. Each question
carries 2 marks.
4. Part C contains 8 problem type questions / short essays spanning the
entire syllabus and the candidate has to answer 5 questions. Each
question carries 6 marks. But, for open courses, Part C contains short
essay type questions only.
5. Part D contains 4 essay type questions spanning the entire syllabus
and the candidate has to answer 2 questions. Each question carries 15
marks.
6. The total marks for courses without practical is 80.
II. Evaluation of Problems
Numerical problems in Physics shall be given marks in the following way:
1. Correct formula with correct substitution and answer : 5
2. Correct formula with correct substitution and answer
but wrong or no unit. : 4
3. Correct formula with correct substitution and wrong
answer : 3
4. Formula alone is correct : 2
5. Any relevant formula : 1
III. Practical Examinations
The practical examinations for the core and complementary courses
are to be conducted at the end of even semesters by the institution.
The practical examinations will be evaluated by one external and one
internal examiners. One external examiner will be selected from the
panel of examiners and one internal examiner will be selected by the
department. The score sheet should be sent to the controller of
examination soon after the evaluation. Maximum marks for final
assessment of practicals will be 40.
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 24
A minimum of 16 experiments should be done in a practical course and a
candidate submitting a certified record with a minimum of 8 experiments alone
is eligible for appearing the Practical Examination.
Evaluation of Practical Examinations
The scheme of evaluation of the practical examination will be decided by the
Board of Examiners.
Student strength for practical examination
The maximum number of students in a batch shall be 15 for each laboratory
session.
IV. Project Evaluation:
All students have to begin working on the project in the FIFTH semester and
must submit it in the SIXTH semester.
The ratio of Sessional to final component of the project is 1:4.The mark
distribution for assessment of various components is shown below.
1. Sessional evaluation: 10 marks
Component Marks
Punctuality 2
Experimentation/ 4
Data collection
Compilation 2
Group involvement 2
Total 10
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 25
2. Final Evaluation of Project: 40 marks
Component
Marks
Innovation /Objective
of topic
5
Materials & Methods 10
Result &Discussion /
Applications
5
Oral Presentation
20
Total
40
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 26
COMPUTATION OF CCPA
Grade and Grade Point is given to each course based on the percentage of marks
obtained as follows:
Percentage of
Marks
Grade Grade
Point
90 and above A+ - Outstanding 10
80-89 A - Excellent 9
70-79 B - Very Good 8
60-69 C - Good 7
50-59 D - Satisfactory 6
40-49 E - Adequate 5
Below 40 F - Failure 4
Note: Decimal are to be rounded to the next whole number
CREDIT POINT AND CREDIT POINT AVERAGE
Credit Point (CP) of a course is calculated using the formula
CP = C x GP, where C = Credit for the course; GP = Grade point
Semester Credit Point Average (SCPA) is calculated as
SCPA= 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 (𝑇𝐶𝑃)
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑠(𝑇𝐶)
where TCP = Total Credit Point; TC = Total Credit
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 27
Grades for the different semesters / programme are given based on the
corresponding SCPA on a 7-point scale as shown below:
SCPA Grade
Above 9 A+ - Outstanding
Above 8, but below or equal to 9 A - Excellent
Above 7, but below or equal to 8 B -Very Good
Above 6, but below or equal to 7 C - Good
Above 5, but below or equal to 6 D - Satisfactory
Above 4, but below or equal to 5 E - Adequate
4 or below F - Failure
Cumulative Credit Point Average for the programme is calculated as follows:
CCPA =(𝑇𝐶𝑃)1 +(𝑇𝐶𝑃)2……… + (𝑇𝐶𝑃)6
𝑇𝐶1+ 𝑇𝐶2+ ….+𝑇𝐶6
where TCP1…….., TCP6are the Total Credit Points in each semester and
TC1…….., TC6are the Total Credits in each semester
Note: A separate minimum of 30% marks each for Sessionals and Finals (for
both theory and practical) and an aggregate minimum of 40 % is required for the
pass of a course. For pass in a programme, a separate minimum of Grade E is
required for all the individual courses. If a candidate secures F Grade for any
one of the courses offered in a Semester/Programme only F grade will be
awarded for that Semester/Programme until he/she improves this to E grade or
above within the permitted period. Candidate who secures E grade and above
will be eligible for higher studies.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 28
SYLLABI OF COURSES
CORE COURSES
Semester I
PH1B01TB Methodology in Physics and Simple Harmonic Motion
Credits – 2
Total lecture hours – 36
Aim
This course will be an introduction to the pursuit of Physics, its history and basic
footsteps. The course also aims at emphasizing the importance of error analysis
which is central to physics and will provide a theoretical basis for doing
experiments in related areas.
Course Overview and context
Physics is, the oldest and most basic pure science; its discoveries find
applications throughout the natural sciences. The course starts with a view on the
discoveries starting from ancient to modern times. As we know, no measurement
of a physical quantity can be entirely accurate and it is important to have
knowledge about the deviations of measured quantity from true value. Brief
discussions about how errors are reported, the kinds of errors that can occur, how
to estimate random errors, and how to carry error estimates into calculated results
are included as a part of this course. Understanding simple harmonic motion is
essential for later study of waves, sound, light, alternating currents.etc. A detailed
study on harmonic motion is also included in this course.
Module I
Historical perspective on Physics and its method (7 hrs for guidance only)
Ancient perspectives on the universe - Geocentric model of Ptolemy –
Copernican revolution - Galileo and his emphasis on experiments and
observations- Kepler's laws -Newton and the deterministic universe - Maxwell
and the unification of electricity, magnetism and optics - Planck’s hypothesis of
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 29
quantum- Einstein and his theories of relativity - Contributions by S. N. Bose, M.
N. Saha, C. V. Raman and S. Chandrasekhar- Emergence of modern physics and
technology - Semiconductor revolution – nanotechnology - Contemporary
worldview - the expanding universe – fundamental particles and the unification
of all forces of nature.
(The above topics are meant for self study by the students under the guidance of
teachers. Not included for external evaluation and meant for internal evaluation
only. All from a historical and qualitative perspective .Derivations not required
but related equations may be applied at its fundamental level.)
Learning resources:
www.britannica.com.
This online Encyclopedia is a good resource for module I (See articles on
Ptolemaic System, Copernican System, Galileo, Johannes Kepler, James Clerk
Maxwell, Electromagnetism, Max Planck, Quantum Mechanics and Relativity.)
Vignettes in Physics – G. Venkataraman, Universities Press
This series of books gives authentic accounts of contributions of Indian physicists
(See ‘Bose and his Statistics’, ‘Saha and his formula’, ‘Raman and his effect’ and
‘Chandrasekhar and his limit’)
Module II
Simple harmonic motion (7 hrs)
Periodic and harmonic motion-Harmonic oscillator - SHM- differential equation
of SHM, phase relationship between displacement, velocity, acceleration of
simple harmonic oscillator- energy of a simple harmonic oscillator- average
values of kinetic and potential energies of a harmonic oscillator-some examples
of S.H.M.-the simple pendulum, the compound pendulum-determination of value
of g-by means of a bar pendulum , by means of a Kater’s pendulum
Text book:Mechanics – Prof. D.S Mathur Revised by: Dr. P.S Hemne. , S
Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd, Chapter 7
Damped and Driven Harmonic Oscillators (10 hrs)
Damping- theory of damped harmonic oscillator- differential equation -over,
under, critically damped cases, logarithmic decrement - power dissipation-
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 30
quality factor-driven harmonic oscillator- differential equation- amplitude
resonance-sharpness of resonance – phase of the driven harmonic oscillator -
velocity amplitude –half width of resonance curve
Text book:Mechanics – Prof. D.S Mathur Revised by: Dr. P.S Hemne. , S
Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd, Chapter 8
Module III
Error Analysis (12 hours)
Basic ideas – uncertainties of measurement – importance of estimating errors –
dominant errors – random errors – systematic errors - rejection of spurious
measurements-Estimating and reporting errors – errors with reading scales, errors
of digital instruments – number of significant digits –absolute and relative errors
- standard deviation – error bars and graphical representation-propagation of
errors – sum and differences – products and quotients – multiplying by constants
– powers - calibration – need for calibration – methods of calibration.
Learning resources:
1. An Introduction to Error Analysis: The Study of Uncertainties in
Physical Measurements, John R. Taylor - Univ. Science Books
2. http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/ErrorAnalysis/
3. http://phys.columbia.edu/~tutorial/index.html
References:
1. Cultural Boundaries of Science -Gieryn, T.F., Univ. Chicago Press, 1999.
2. The Golem: What Everyone Should Know About Science - Collins H.
and T. Pinch. Cambridge Univ Press, 1993.
3. Conceptual Integrated Science - Hewitt, Paul G, Suzanne Lyons, John A.
Suchocki & Jennifer Yeh, Addison-Wesley, 2007
4. The Truth of Science , Newton RG.: New Delhi, 2nd edition
5. Mechanics- H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri. ,Tata McGraw-Hill
6. Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam ,S. Chand & Co.
7. Mechanics- J.C. Upadhyaya ,Ram Prasad and sons
8. Fundamentals of Physics – Halliday and Resnik ,John Wiley & sons
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9. Properties of Matter - -D.S.Mathur ,S.Chand
10. Concepts of Modern physics-Arthur Beiser,TMH.
Competencies:
C1. Recognize Ancient perspectives on the universe
C2. State Kepler's laws
C3. Identify Newton and the deterministic universe, Maxwell and the unification
of electricity, magnetism and optics
C4. State Planck’s hypothesis of quantum
C5. Identify Einstein and his theories of relativity
C6. Mention Contributions by S. N. Bose, M. N. Saha, etc
C7. Aware of Emergence of modern physics and technology
C8. Summarize Contemporary worldview
C9. Differentiate Periodic and harmonic motion
C10. Explain Harmonic oscillator
C11. Express energy of a harmonic oscillator
C12. Instantiate S.H.M
C13. Recognize Damping
C14. Explain theory of damped & driven harmonic oscillator-
C15. Generalize Differential equation -over, under, critically damped cases
C16. State terms associated with damped & driven harmonic oscillations
C17. Identify Basic ideas regarding uncertainties of measurement
C18. Mention importance of estimating errors
C19. Classify errors
C20. Investigate Estimating and reporting of errors
C21. Clarify errors with reading scales, errors of digital instruments
C22. Write down the number of significant digits
C23. Calculate absolute, relative errors, standard deviation
C23. Represent error bars
C24. Compute propagation of errors in sum, differences, products, quotients,
multiplication by constants, power of a measured quantity
C25. Identify the need for calibration
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 32
BLUE PRINT
PH1B01TB Methodology in Physics and Simple Harmonic Motion
Module Hours
36
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
II
Simple Harmonic
Motion, Damped and
Driven Harmonic
Oscillators
17
3
5
6
2
63
III
Error analysis
12
2
3
2
2
48
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 33
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
PH1B01TB Methodology in Physics and Simple Harmonic Motion
Time: 3 Hours Maximum: 60 Marks
Part A
Answer all questions. (Each question carries 1 mark)
1. Find the amplitude, frequency, time period and initial phase of an
oscillator described by the equation y = 15 sin (500πt + π/2)
2. Write down the differential equation for SHM.
3. What are damped vibrations?
4. What is a histogram?
5. Explain the term spurious errors.
(5 1 = 5 marks)
Part B
Answer any five questions. (Each question carries 2 marks)
6. Explain briefly the characteristics of SHM.
7. Distinguish between a simple and a compound pendulum.
8. What are the conditions for the oscillations of a harmonic oscillator to be
(i) over damped (ii) critically damped and (iii) underdamped?
9. Where does a particle executing SHM experience maximum force and
minimum force?
10. What do you mean by half width of resonance curve?
11. Explain how repeated measurements tend to reduce errors.
12. What is fractional error? How is it related to percentage error?
13. Explain the terms random error and gross error.
(5 2 = 10 marks)
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Part C
Answer any five questions. (Each question carries 5 marks)
14. Prove that projection of uniform circular motion on its diameter is simple
harmonic.
15. A body is executing SHM along a straight line. When the displacement is
one-fourth of the amplitude, what fraction of total energy is kinetic?
16. A bar pendulum oscillates about a point 0.15m away from the centre of
gravity of bar, with a period 1 sec. Find the distance between the centre of
gravity and centre of oscillation.
17. If the energy of a note of frequency 100 Hz decreases to one half of its
original value in one second, calculate the Q value.
18. The amplitude of an oscillator of frequency 200cycles/s falls to 1/10 of its
initial value after 2000 cycles. Calculate its relaxation time and damping
constant.
19. A mass of 1 kg is suspended from a spring of force constant 100N/m and
damping co-efficient 10 Ns/m. The spring is driven by a periodic force of
peak value 10 N and of frequency double the natural frequency of the
system. Calculate the amplitude of vibration.
20. Diameter of a sphere is measured 4 times with the result being 3.23 cm
,3.23 cm, 3.24 cm and 3.22 cm. Find the standard deviation in this case?
21. The young’s modulus (Y) of a material is given by the relation Y= (M g
L)/πr2l .If the percentage errors in M , L ,r ,l are 0.5%, 1% , 3%, and 4%
respectively, what is the percentage error in Y?
(5 5 = 25 marks)
Part D
Answer any two questions. (Each question carries 10 marks)
22. Describe with theory how the value of acceleration due to gravity may be
determined using Kater’s pendulum.
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 35
23. What is meant by driven harmonic oscillations? Deduce the differential
equation of driven harmonic oscillator. Discuss the amplitude resonance.
24. (a)What is meant by significant figures? How are these counted? State
and explain the rules for finding the significant figures in the sum,
difference, product and quotient of two numbers?
(b) Find the correct value to four significant figures in the following
(i) (27.26 x 35.24) / 241.5 (ii) 6.278 x 5.342
25. (a) Explain how errors can be estimated?
(b) Discuss the need and methods for calibration
(2 10 = 20 marks)
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 36
Semester II
PH2B02TB Mechanics and Properties of Matter
Credits – 2
Total contact hours – 36
Aim
This course will try to provide conceptual understanding of basic physics to
students and will provide a theoretical basis for doing experiments in related
areas.
Course Overview
This course exposes students to basic physics. Module I is divided into rigid body
dynamics and viscosity. Module II handles wave motion and acoustics. The last
module covers elasticity and surface tension.
Module I
Dynamics of Rigid Bodies (9 hrs)
Rigid body – translational and rotational motion-torque -angular momentum-
angular impulse -Moment of inertia- radius of gyration, General theorems on
moment of inertia- parallel and perpendicular theorems for a plane lamina and
3D body (proof) , calculation of moment of inertia of uniform rod, rectangular
lamina, thin circular ring, circular disc, annular ring, solid cylinder, hollow
cylinder, solid sphere, hollow sphere-kinetic energy of rotation- moment of
inertia of flywheel(experimental determination), applications of flywheel.
Text book:Mechanics – Prof. D.S Mathur Revised by: Dr. P.S Hemne. , S
Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd, Chapter11
Viscosity (4 hrs)
Laminar or viscous flow- Newton’s law of viscous flow-coefficient of viscosity-
steady or stream line and turbulent flow – lines and tubes of flow- -Critical
velocity,-significance of Reynold’s Number- Poiseuille’s equation for a liquid
flow through a narrow tube (method not included)- Motion of body in a viscous
medium- Stoke’s method for the coefficient of viscosity of a viscous liquid ( the
falling sphere viscometer)-effect of temperature and pressure on the viscosity of
liquids
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 37
Text book:Mechanics – Prof. D.S Mathur Revised by: Dr. P.S Hemne. , S
Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd, chapter 15
Module II
Wave Motion (6 hrs)
Wave motion- types of waves – wavelength, frequency, wave number –
displacement, velocity and pressure curves- Expression for a plane progressive
harmonic wave - particle velocity and wave velocity -differential equation of
wave motion - energy density of a plane progressive wave – distribution of
energy in a plane progressive wave, energy current –intensity of wave-
superposition of waves- interference –beats- Doppler effect, Doppler effect in
light
Text book:
1. Mechanics – Prof. D.S Mathur Revised by: Dr. P.S Hemne. , S Chand
& Company Pvt. Ltd, Chapter10
2. For topics Doppler effect and Doppler effect in light -- A textbook of
sound- N. Subrahmaniam, Brijlal, Vikas Publishing House
Pvt.Ltd,Revised edition , ,Chapter 8
Acoustics (4 hrs)
Acoustics - reverberation- Sabines reverberation formula(Derivation not needed)
-determination of absorption coefficient- acoustic intensity- acoustic
measurements -factors affecting acoustics of buildings- sound distribution in an
auditorium-requisites for good acoustics-ultrasonics-acoustic grating
Text book:A textbook of sound- N. Subrahmaniam, Brijlal, Vikas Publishing
House Pvt.Ltd, Revised edition ,Chapter 10
Module III
Elasticity (9 hrs)
Hookes law- elastic limit, elastic behavior of solids in general-different types of
elasticity-work done per unit volume- Poisson’s ratio, limiting values of
Poisson’s ratio- relation between volume strain and linear strain. Twisting couple
on a cylinder, angle of twist and angle of shear -torsional rigidity -ratio of
adiabatic and isothermal elasticities of a gas. Bending of beams-bending moment,
expression for bending moment- the cantilever depression at its loaded end
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 38
(weight of the cantilever ineffective-theory only)- Depressions of supported
beam(Centrally loaded and the weight of the beam is ineffective- theory only)
Text book:Mechanics – Prof. D.S Mathur Revised by: Dr. P.S Hemne. , S
Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd, Chapter 13
Surface tension (4 hrs)
Molecular theory of surface tension- surface energy- excess pressure in a liquid
drop or an air bubble in a liquid –velocity of a wave on the surface of a liquid-
effect of gravity- effect of surface tension- factors affecting surface tension-
applications.
Text book:Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmaniam, S. Chand
&Company Pvt. Ltd,1989, Chapter 8
References
1. Fundamentals of Physics – Halliday and Resnik,John Wiley & sons
2. Mechanics - D.S.Mathur , S.Chand
3. Vibration, Waves and Acoustics - D.Chattopadhyay ,Books and Allied Pvt
Ltd
4. Properties of Matter - -D.S.Mathur ,S.Chand
5. Mechanics- H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri. ,Tata McGraw-Hill
6. Mechanics- J.C. Upadhyaya ,Ram Prasad and Sons
7. Properties of Matter and Acoustics - R.Murugeshan & Kiruthiga
Sivaprasath
8. Refresher course in Physics. Vol. 1 – C.L.Arora
Competencies:
C1. Define rigid body
C2. Distinguish translational and rotational motion
C3. Mention torque, angular momentum, angular impulse
C4. Define moment of inertia and radius of gyration
C5. State and prove parallel and perpendicular theorems
C6. Determine the moment of inertia of different shapes specifically uniform
rod,rectangular lamina, thin circular ring, circular disc, annular ring, solid
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 39
cylinder, hollow cylinder, solid sphere and hollow sphere
C7. Compute total energy of a rolling body
C8. Determine experimentally moment of inertia of a flywheel
C9. State Newton’s law of viscous flow
C10. Distinguish stream line and turbulent flow
C11. Define Critical velocity,
C12. State the significance of Reynold’s Number
C13. Derive Poiseuille’s equation for a liquid flowing through a narrow tube
C14. Illustrate the calculation of coefficient of viscosity of a viscous liquid
C15. Classify types of waves
C16. Recognize wavelength, frequency and wave number
C17. Obtain the equation for a plane progressive harmonic wave
C18. Explain distribution of energy in a plane progressive wave
C19. Extend the theory beats to concerned problems
C20. Explain reverberation
C21. Write down Sabines reverberation formula
C22. Define acoustic intensity
C23. Examine the factors affecting acoustics of buildings
C24. State the requisites for good acoustics
C25. Introduce ultrasonics and acoustic grating
C26. Solve velocity of sound using Newton’s formula
C27. State Doppler effect
C28. State Hooke’s law
C29. Categorize different types of elasticity
C30. Define Poisson’s ratio
C31. Establish the relation between volume strain and linear strain
C32. Define twisting couple on a cylinder, angle of twist and angle of shear
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 40
C33. Identify bending moment,
C34.Discuss the cases of bending of beams in cantilever, centrally loaded
supported beam
C35. Introduce Molecular theory of surface tension and surface energy-
C36. Calculate excess pressure in a liquid drop or an air bubble in a liquid
C37. Determine the velocity of transverse waves on liquid surface
C38. Mention factors affecting surface tension
BLUE PRINT
PH2B02TB Mechanics and Properties of Matter
Module Hours
36
Mark
s
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60 5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Dynamics of
Rigid
Bodies,Viscosity
13
1/2/2
2/3/3
2/3/3
2/1/1
35/33/33
II
Wave
Motion,Acoustics
10
2/1/2
3/2/3
3/2/3
1/2/1
33/35/33
III
Elasticity,Surface
Tension
13
2/2/1
3/3/2
3/3/2
1/1/2
33/33/35
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MODEL QUESTION PAPER
PH2B02TB MECHANICS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Time: 3 Hours Maximum: 60 Marks
Part A
Answer all questions. (Each question carries 1 mark)
1. Why the mass of a flywheel is concentrated at the rim?
2. Write down the differential equation of a one dimensional progressive
wave.
3. What is reverberation?
4. What is meant by modulus of elasticity?
5. Give any two applications of surface tension.
(5 1 = 5 marks)
Part B
Answer any five questions. (Each question carries 2 mark)
6. Show that the kinetic energy of rotation is (L2/ 2I) where L is angular
momentum and I the moment of inertia about the spin axis.
7. State Newton’s law of viscous flow for a fluid.
8. Distinguish between particle velocity and wave velocity.
9. Explain the term energy flux of a wave.
10. What is acoustic grating?
11. Explain Young’s modulus of elasticity.
12. Explain ‘Bending Moment’.
13. Explain Molecular theory of surface tension.
(5 2 = 10 marks)
Part C
Answer any five questions. (Each question carries 5 mark)
14. A circular disc of mass m and radius r is set rolling on a table. If ω is the
angular velocity, show that its total energy is (¾) mr2 ω2.
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15. Water is conveyed through a horizontal tube 8cm in diameter and 4 km in
length at a rate of 20 litre per second. Assuming only viscous resistance,
calculate the pressure required to maintain this flow.
16. If the frequency of a tuning fork is 400 Hz and the velocity of sound in air
is 320m/s, find how far sound travels while the fork completes 30
vibrations.
17. Two aeroplanes A and B are approaching each other and their velocities
are 108km/hr and 144 km/hr respectively. The frequency of a note
emitted by A as heard by the passengers in B is 1170 Hz. Calculate the
frequency of note heard by passengers in A. Velocity of sound = 350 m/s
18. Compare the acoustic intensities in air and in water for the same acoustic
pressure.
19. The depression of the free end of a cantilever of length L and uniform
cross section is 0.02 m. What will be the depression at a distance L/2
from the fixed end?
20. A light metal rod of length 0.6m and radius 0.01m is clamped as a
cantilever. It is loaded at the free end with 7 Kg. Assuming Y= 9 x
1010N/m2 find the depression of the free end of the rod.
21. Calculate the work done in blowing a soap bubble of radius 10 2 m to a
radius 10 1 m. Surface Tension of soap bubble is 31027 N/m.
(5 5 = 25marks)
Part D
Answer any two questions. (Each question carries 10 mark)
22. Derive an expression for the moment of inertia of a solid sphere about a
diameter and about a tangent.
23. Deduce Poiseuille’s equation for the rate of flow of a liquid through a
capillary tube.
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24. Discuss analytically the problem of superposition of two simple harmonic
waves of slightly different frequencies along the same straight line
25. Derive the expression for bending moment. Use it to arrive at the equation
for the depression at the end of a cantilever.
(2 10 = 20 marks)
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 44
Semester III
PH3B03TB Electronics
Credits- 3
Total lecture hours- 36
Aim
It is impossible to live in the present world without using electronic devices.
Even in daily life, there are instances where we should have at least a basic
understanding of the working of various electronic devices and the properties of
electrical circuits. The electronics course is intended to give the students this
basic knowledge
Course overview and context
The students already have the required basic knowledge of semiconductors and
pn junction diodes. The course starts with a revision of these fundamentals and
extends it to the applications of diodes in constructing DC voltage sources,
voltage multipliers, regulators and wave shaping circuits. The course proceeds to
the characteristics of transistors and their applications in constructing various
amplifiers. Operational amplifiers, modulators and demodulators are also
included.
Module I
Basics of semiconductor diodes and their applications. (15 hrs)
P-N junction Diode: Diode Characteristics, Equation for Diode current (No
derivation), Static and Dynamic resistances, Junction capacitance, Equivalent
circuits of forward and reverse biased diode, Avalanche and Zener
breakdown.Rectifiers: Half wave, Centre tapped full wave and Bridge rectifiers,
Derivation ofefficiency and ripple factor of half wave and full wave rectifiers.
Working of Filter circuits: Shunt capacitor filter, Series inductor filter, LC filter,
π section filter.Voltage regulation: Line regulation and load regulation, Zener
diode shunt regulator, Circuit design for zener regulator and calculation of
optimum value of current limiting resistor.Wave shaping circuits: Clipper -
Positive, negative and biased clipping circuits, Clampers-positive, negative and
Biased clampers, Voltage multipliers - Doubler-Tripler & Quadrupler.
Text Books
1. A Text Book of Applied Electronics - R.S.Sedha: S.Chand Co.
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 45
Multi Colour Edn. Chapters-12, 19, 20 &33
2. Basic Electronics-B.L.Theraja: S.Chand Co. Chapters13&14
Module II
Transistors (18 hrs)
Bipolar junction transistors, Mechanism of transistor action, transistor currents,
transistor circuit configurations –CB,CE and CC configurations , their
characteristics and the experiment to draw them, current gains in CE,CB and
CC, relation between them, leakage currents in CB and CE , thermal runaway.
Load line, Q- point, Maximum Undistorted output, Need for biasing, factors
affecting Bias variations , Stability factor, Beta sensitivity, Stability factor for
CB and CE circuits, Methods for transistor biasing, Base Bias, Base bias with
emitter feedback, Base bias with collector feedback, Voltage divider bias,
stability factor for each biasing methods .h parameters-determination and
meaning, hybrid equivalent circuit of common base and common emitter,
amplifier expressions in terms of h parameters.
Classification of amplifiers, CB, CE and CC amplifiers, comparison of
performance, Classification of power amplifiers based on biasing condition ,
Class A, B,C, and Class AB amplifiers.
Text Books:
1. A text book of Applied Electronics- R S Sedha - S Chand , Chapter :14
Sections 7 to 17, Chapter:15 Section 1 to 8 and 19, Chapter :22 Sections
2 to 19, Chapter : 25 Sections 1 to 11
2. Basic Electronics: B L Theraja-S Chand, , Chapter: 22 Sections 1 to 14
Module III
Amplifiers with Negative Feedback and Oscillators (11 hrs)
Feedback - Principles of in negative voltage feedback amplifiers, Gain of
negative voltage feedback amplifier, Advantages of negative voltage feedback,
Feedback circuit, Principles of negative current feedback , current gain with
negative current feedback ,Effects of negative current feedback , Emitter follower
(Qualitative idea) , Applications of Emitter follower.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 46
Oscillators - Sinusoidal oscillator, Oscillatory circuit, Positive feedback amplifier
– Oscillators, Essentials of transistor oscillator, Different types of transistor
oscillator, Tuned collector oscillator, Colpitt’s oscillator, Hartley oscillator,
Phase Shift oscillator, Non- Sinusoidal oscillator - Multivibrators, Types of
multivibrators, Transistor astable multivibrator, Transistor monostable
multivibrator, Transistor bistable multivibrator.
Text Book: Principles of Electronics – V.K Mehta, Rohit Mehta. Eleventh
edition 2008. Publication, S Chand & Company PVT.LTD, Ram Nagar, New
Delhi – 110055, Chapter 13,14, Chapter 18 – Sections, 18.10 to 18.14
Operational Amplifiers (4 hrs)
Operational amplifiers - Ideal opamp, Virtual ground and summing point,
Applications - Inverting amplifier, Non inverting amplifier, Unity follower &
Summing amplifier.
Text Book: A Text Book of Applied Electronics-R.S.Sedha, Multi colour Edn.
Publication, S Chand & Company PVT.LTD, Ram Nagar, New Delhi –
110055, Chapter-29
Modulation & Demodulation (6 hrs)
Radio broadcasting, Transmission and Reception, modulation, Types of
modulation, Amplitude modulation - Modulation factor, Analysis of amplitude
modulated wave, Sideband frequencies in AM wave, Transistor AM modulator,
Power in AM wave, Limitations of Amplitude Modulation, Frequency
modulation, Theory of frequency modulation, Demodulation, Essentials in
demodulation, AM diode detector.
Text Book: Principles of Electronics – V.K Mehta, Rohit Mehta. Eleventh
edition 2008 Publication, S Chand & Company PVT.LTD, Ram Nagar, New
Delhi – 110055, Chapter16.
Competencies
C1. Set up circuits to study forward and reverse characteristics of a diode.
C2. Identify zener and ordinary diodes by performing experiments or from
available data sheets.
C3. Find out various diode parameters from elementary equations.
C4. Construct circuits for HWR and FWR and explain their working.
C5. Compare various features of HWR and FWR and calculate various
parameters from basic equations.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 47
C6. Explain the working of various filter circuits.
C7. Design zener diode voltage regulator.
C8. Understand the concept of voltage regulation.
C9. For a given input wave, plot the outputs obtained from various types of
clippers and clampers.
C10. Design biased clippers and clampers according to a given requirement.
C11. Explain the working of wave shaping circuits.
C12. Explain the working of voltage doublers.
C13. Explain Mechanism of transistor action
C14. Illustrate the working of transistor as an amplifier
C15. Identify the transistor currents and state relation between transistor
currents
C16. Explain transistor circuit configurations–CB, CE and CC configurations
C17. Compare CB, CE and CC configurations and draw their characteristics
C18. Describe the experiments to draw transistor characteristics
C19. Define current gains in CE, CB and CC and determine relation between
current gains in them
C20. Define leakage currents in CB and CE
C21. Explain thermal runaway.
C22. Draw Load line in transistor characteristics
C23. Define Q- point
C24. Describe the relevance of Q point in transistor biasing to get maximum
undistorted output
C25. Describe the need for biasing transistors
C26. Discuss the factors affecting Bias variations
C27. Define Stability factor and Beta sensitivity
C28. Determine Stability factor for CB and CE circuits
C29. Describe Methods for transistor biasing- Base Bias, Base bias with
emitter feedback, Base bias with collector feedback and voltage divider
bias
C30. Find stability factor for each biasing methods.
C31. Define h parameters
C32. Describe the hybrid equivalent circuit of common base and common
emitter configurations
C33. Compute amplifier expressions in terms of h parameters
C34. Classify and compare amplifiers, CB, CE and CC amplifiers
C35. Classify and compare power amplifiers based on biasing condition -
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 48
Class A, B,C and Class AB amplifiers
C36. Explain the working of AM diode detector with circuit diagram.
C37. Describe feedback concept.
C38. Draw the circuit diagram of negative voltage feedback amplifier, discuss
its working and determine the voltage gain.
C39. Mention the advantages of negative voltage feedback amplifiers.
C40. Draw the circuit of negative current feedback amplifier, discuss its
working and determine the current gain.
C41. Mention the effects of negative current feedback amplifiers.
C42. Apply negative current feedback in transistor circuit (emitter follower),
draw its circuit diagram and describe its working only.
C43. Mention the applications of emitter follower.
C44. Classify different types of oscillators.
C45. Discuss Barkhausen criterion.
C46. Explain the working of LC tank circuit.
C47. List Different types of transistor oscillators.
C48. Draw the circuit diagram of Tuned collector oscillator and explain its
working.
C49. Draw the circuit diagram of Colpitt’s oscillator and explain its working.
C50. Draw the circuit diagram of Hartley oscillator and explain its working
C51. Draw the circuit diagram of Phase Shift oscillator and explain its
working
C52. Classify different types of multivibrators.
C53. Explain the working of Transistor astable multivibrator with circuit
diagram.
C54. Explain the working of Transistor monostable multivibrator with circuit
diagram.
C55. Explain the working of Transistor bistable multivibrator with circuit
diagram.
C56. Compare the properties of ideal and real operational amplifier.
C57. Explain the concept of virtual ground and summing point in operational
amplifier.
C58. Explain the working of inverting amplifier with circuit diagram,
determine its voltage gain, input impedence, output resistance and
common mode rejection ratio.
C59. Explain the working of inverting amplifier with circuit diagram,
determine its voltage gain, input impedence, output resistance and
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 49
common mode rejection ratio.
C60. Explain the working of Transistor astable multivibrator with circuit
diagram.
C61. Explain the working of unity follower with circuit diagram.
C62. Explain the working of summing amplifier with circuit diagram.
C63. Explain the necessity of modulation in wireless communication system
C64. Classify different types of modulation.
C65. Explain the principle of amplitude modulation, define modulation index,
analyse the amplitude modulated wave and describe the occurrence of
sidebands.
C66. Calculate power of amplitude modulated wave.
C67. Explain the working of Transistor AM modulator with circuit diagram.
C68. Mention the limitations of amplitude modulation.
C69. Explain the principle of frequency modulation.
C70. Describe demodulation.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 50
BLUE PRINT
PH3B03TB Electronics
Module Hours
54
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Basics of
semiconductor
physics & their
applications
15 1/3/3 2/2/3 2/3/3 2/1/1 35/32/34
II
Transistors
18 3/1/1 2/2/3 3/2/3 1/2/1 32/35/32
III
Amplifiers,
oscillators, Op-
amp,
Modulation /
demodulation
21 1/1/1 4/4/2 3/3/2 1/1/2 34/34/35
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 51
Semester IV
PH4B04TB Electricity & Electrodynamics
Credits- 3
Total lecture hours- 36
Aim
In the development of modern technology- electricity and electrodynamics
plays an important role. Needless to say without electric power and
communication facilities, life will become difficult. It’s for this reason that a
course in electricity and electrodynamics is essential part of physics
education at graduate level. This course is designed to provide a strong
foundation in electricity and electrodynamics.
Course overview and context
This course envisages to cover behavior of dc currents in series combination
active and passive elements, theory of Ballistic galvanometer and
experiments, LCR series and parallel circuits, network theorems,
electrostatics, magnetostatics and electrodynamics.
Module I
Transient Current (9 hrs)
Growth of current in a circuit containing a resistance and inductance - Decay
of current in a circuit containing a resistance and inductance - Charge and
discharge of a capacitor through a resistor - Measurement of high resistance
by leakage - Growth of charge in a circuit with inductance, capacitance and
resistance- Discharge of a capacitor through an inductor and a resistor in
series - Moving coil ballistic galvanometer - Current and voltage sensitivities
of a moving-coil galvanometer - Measurement of charge sensitiveness -
Absolute capacitance of a capacitor.
Text book- Electricity & Magnetism – R.Murugeshan- Ninth revised edition-
reprint 2013 Publications- S Chand & Company PVT-LTD, Ram Nagar, New
Delhi – 110055. Chapter12 & Chapter 10 – Sections 10.11 to 10.15
Alternating Current (7 hrs)
EMF induced in a coil rotating in magnetic field- AC circuit containing
resistance- inductance and capacitance in series (Series resonance circuit)-
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 52
Parallel resonant circuit- Power in ac circuit containing resistance-
inductance and capacitance- Wattless current- Choke coil- Skin effect- Three
phase ac generator- Distribution of three phase alternating current- The ac
watt meter
Text book-– Electricity & Magnetism – R.Murugeshan- Ninth revised
edition- reprint 2013- Publications- S Chand & Company PVT-LTD, Ram
Nagar, New Delhi – 110055.Chapter13- Sections 13.1 to 13.6 & 13.8-
Chapter14 - Sections 14.1 & 14.2 & Chapter30- Section 30.12
Network Theorem (3 hrs)
Ideal current source- Ideal voltage source- Superposition theorem-
Reciprocity theorem- Thevenin’s theorem- Norton’s theorem- Maximum
power transfer theorem
Text book- Electricity& Magnetism – R. Murugeshan- Ninth revised
edition- reprint 2013 Publications- S Chand & Company PVT-LTD, Ram
Nagar, New Delhi – 110055- Chapter18
Module II
Electrostatics & Magnetostatics (17 hrs)
Electric field - Continuous charge distribution - Divergence and curl of
electrostatic fields - Gauss' Law and its application to obtain fields due to
Spherically symmetric charge distribution, Uniformly charged spherical
conductor, Line charge, Infinite plane sheet of charge & Electric field at a
point between two oppositely charged parallel plates. Electric potential-
Poisson’s equation and Laplace’s equation- The potential of a localized
charge distribution- Work and Energy in electrostatics- The work done to
move a charge- Energy of a point charge distribution and continuous charge
distribution. Conductors: Basic properties- induced charges- Surface charge
and force on a conductor- Capacitors.
Magnetic field of Steady currents: - Biot Savart’s law - magnetic induction
at a point due to a straight conductor, axis of a circular coil & at the axis of
a solenoid - Force on a current carrying conductor in magnetic field - force
between two parallel conductors carrying current- electron moving in a
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 53
magnetic field and Lorentz force- Ampere’s circuital law - differential form
- applications - to find the magnetic fields due to long solenoid & toroid-
Comparison of magnetostatics and electrostatics
Text book - Electricity& Magnetism – R. Murugeshan- Ninth revised
edition- reprint 2013 Publications- S Chand & Company PVT-LTD, Ram
Nagar, New Delhi – 110055.
Module III
Maxwell’s equations and Electromagnetic waves (18 hrs)
Maxwell’s equations- Electrodynamics before Maxwell- Modification of
Ampere circuital law- Magnetic Charge- 'theorem The wave equation in one
dimension- Boundary condition -Reflection and Transmission- Polarization-
Electromagnetic waves in vacuum- Monochromatic plane waves- Energy
and momentum in Electromagnetic waves- Electromagnetic waves in matter-
Propagation in linear media- Electromagnetic waves in conductors
Text book- Chapter7,8 & 9 - Sections 7.3, 8.1, 9.1 to 9.3.1 and 9.4.1 Introduction to
Electrodynamics - David J Griffiths Publications- Prentice Hall -Inc( Pearson Education-
Inc)
Reference:
1. Electricity and Magnetism – J-H-Fewkes &John Yarwood, University
tutorial
2. Fundaments of Magnetism and Electricity D N Vasudeva - S chand
3. Electricity and Magnetism A S Mahajan and AA Rangwala -TMH
4. Introduction to electrodynamics- David J Griffiths- PHI
5. Electromagnetics Matthew N Sadiku- Oxford 4th Edn
6. Electromagnetics with applications Kraus/Fleish 5th Edn – TMH
7. Electromagnetics J A Edminister 2nd Edn - TMH
8. Electromagnetic Fields TVS Arunmurthi – S- Chand
Competencies:
C1.Set up circuits to study forward and reverse characteristics of a diode.
C2.Identify zener and ordinary diodes by performing experiments or from
available data sheets.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 54
C3. Find out various diode parameters from elementary equations.
C4. Construct circuits for HWR and FWR and explain their working.
C5. Compare various features of HWR and FWR and calculate various
parameters from basic equations.
C6.Explain the working of various filter circuits.
C7. Design zener diode voltage regulator.
C8. Understand the concept of voltage regulation.
C9. For a given input wave, plot the outputs obtained from various types of
clippers and clampers.
C10.Design biased clippers and clampers according to a given requirement.
C11.Explain the working of wave shaping circuits.
C12.Explain the working of voltage doublers.
C13. Discuss varying current.
C14. State Kirchhoff’s law for varying current.
C15. Explain the growth and decay of current in LR circuit.
C16. Explain the charging and discharging of a capacitor through resistor.
C17. Discuss the method to determine high resistance by leakage.
C18. Explain the charging and discharging of a capacitor through resistor
and inductor in series.
C19. Discuss the theory of moving coil ballistic galvanometer.
C20.Mention logarithmic decrement and Define voltage and current
sensitivities
C21. Design experiments to measure the capacitance of a given capacitor
using ballistic galvanometer and charge sensitivity of ballistic
galvanometer using a standard capacitor
C22. Discuss variation of alternating current with time and define basic
parameters and Determine mean value and rms values of ac.
C23. Explain the phase relationship between alternating voltage and current
in LCR series circuit and Calculate power in an LCR series circuit.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 55
C24. Explain the phase relationship between alternating voltage and current
in LCR parallel circuit
C25. Explain skin effect.
C26. Discuss three phase distribution
C27. Explain the working of ac watt meter.
C28. State and prove Superposition, Reciprocity , Thevenin’s, Norton’s &
Maximum power transfer theorems.
C29. Discuss the Propagation of electromagnetic waves in linear Media.
C30. Describe the propagation of electromagnetic waves in conductors
C31. State and arrive at Maxwell’s equations.
C32. Describe Electrodynamics before Maxwell
C33. Explain how Ampere circuital law is modified by Maxwell.
C34. Determine Maxwell’s equations in matter.
C35. Find the Boundary conditions for electric and magnetic Fields.
C36. State and prove Poynting’s theorem.
C37. Apply Poynting’s theorem to find energy propagated, electric field or
magnetic field in the given electromagnetic field.
C38. Derive the general wave equation in one dimension.
C39. Find the Boundary condition under Reflection and Transmission.
C40. Discuss the Polarization of Electromagnetic waves.
C41. Derive the wave equation for electromagnetic waves in vacuum.
C42. Describe Monochromatic plane waves.
C43. Get the expressions for Energy and Momentum in Electromagnetic
waves.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 56
BLUE PRINT
PH4B04TB Electricity & Electrodynamics
Module
Hours
54
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Transient current,
Alternating
Current, Network
Theorems
19 1/3/3 2/2/3 2/3/3 2/1/1 35/32/34
II
Electrostatics &
Magnetostatics
17
3/1/1
2/2/3 3/2/3 1/2/1 32/35/32
III
Maxwell’s
equations and
Electromagnetic
waves
18 1/1/1 4/4/2 3/3/2 1/1/2 34/34/35
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 57
Semester V
PH5B05TB Classical and Quantum Mechanics
Credits -3
Total lecture hours - 54
Aim
The course gives an introduction to techniques in classical mechanics as an
alternative to Newtonian mechanics. Since the branches of science in the
micro level are governed by principles of quantum mechanics, this course
provides a platform for better understanding of various phenomena observed
in the nuclear, atomic and molecular world.
Course overview and context
Classical and quantum mechanics remains indispensable part of physics
education. They have a two-fold role in preparing the student for the study
of modern physics. The first module gives formulations of Lagrangian and
Hamiltonian. The second module deals with wave mechanical formulations
and the theories that demanded quantum mechanical concepts. Third module
introduces the general formalism of quantum mechanics and energy eigen
value problems
Module 1
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Dynamics (18 hours)
Degrees of freedom, Constraints- holonomic, nonholonomic, rheonomous,
scleronmous constraints, Generalized coordinates, Principle of virtual work,
D’ Alembert’s principle, Lagrange’s equation from D’ Alembert’s principle,
Applications -Simple pendulum, Atwood’s machine, Motion under central
force. Hamilton’s principle and Lagrange’s equations, Merits of Lagrange’s
equation over Newtonian approach
Generalized momentum and cyclic coordinates, Hamilton’s equations,
Examples in Hamiltonian Dynamics- Applications-one dimensional and two
dimensional Harmonic oscillators, Simple pendulum. Calculus of variations
and Euler Lagrange’s equations- Applications- Shortest distance between
two points, Brachistochrone problem, the equation of the curve between two
fixed points which revolve about a given axis to give the surface of
revolution for which surface area is minimum and one dimensional harmonic
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 58
oscillator.
Text Book :Classical mechanics, J C Upadhyaya, Himalaya Publishing
house, Chapters 2 & 3
Module – II
Quantum mechanics
Origin of Quantum theory (8 hrs)
Limitations of classical physics, black body radiation, Planck’s quantum
hypothesis, particle nature of radiation, photoelectric effect, Compton
effect, the Bohr atom, Rutherford planetary model, Bohr postulates, Stern
and Gerlach experiment, the correspondence principle
Text Books
1. Quantum Physics – Stephen Gasirowicz Wiley –India
Edition,Chapter 1
2. Quantum Mechanics- G.Aruldhas,PHI Learning Private
Limited,Chapter 1
Wave Mechanical Concepts (6hrs)
Wave nature of matter, deBroglie hypothesis, electron diffraction
experiment, uncertainty principle – single slit experiment, uncertainty
relations for other variables, applications of uncertainty relations, principle
of superposition, wave packet, particle velocity and group velocity
Text Book: Quantum Mechanics, G.Aruldhas,PHI Learning Private
Limited,Chapter2
Module – III
General formalism of Quantum Mechanics (10 hrs)
Time dependant Schrodinger equation for free particle and for particle in a
field, Interpretation of wave function, probability interpretation, probability
current density, expectation value, time independent Schrodinger equation,
stationary states, admissibility conditions on the wave function, Operators,
linear operators, the commutator, general Eigen value equation, Hermitian
operator, postulates of quantum mechanics, simultaneous measurability of
observables
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 59
Text Book: Quantum Mechanics,G.Aruldhas,PHI Learning Private
Limited,Chapter2 &3
One dimensional Energy Eigen value Problems (6 hrs)
Particle in a box (square well potential with rigid walls), square potential
barrier, alpha emission, linear harmonic oscillator Schrodinger method
(basic ideas only), zero point energy
Text Book: Quantum Mechanics- G.Aruldhas,PHI Learning Private
Limited,Chapter 4
Three dimensional Energy Eigen value Problems (6hrs)
Particle moving in a spherically symmetric potential- separation of the
equation-solution of Ф equation, solution of θ equation (Qualitative idea
only) and radial equation
Text Book: Quantum Mechanics- G.Aruldhas,PHI Learning Private
Limited,Chapter 5
References:
1. Classical Mechanics, Herbert Goldstein, Charles Poole and John Safk,
Pearson Education, Indian Edition.
2. Mechanics, H S Hans, S P Puri, Tata Mc Graw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.
3. Classical Mechanics, Rana and Joag, TMH.
4. Classical Mechanics, K. Sankara Rao, Prentice Hall of India.
5. Classical Mechanics, Greiner, Springer.
6. Concepts of Modern Physics - Arthur Beiser, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
7. A Text book of Quantum Mechanics, P.M.Mathews and S.Venkatesan,
TMH.
8. A text book of Quantum Mechanics, Ghatak and Lokanathan.
9. Feynman lecture series –volume 3.
10. Modern Physics -G. Aruldhas, P. Rajagopal, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 60
Competencies:
C1. Define degrees of freedom.
C2. Elaborate the role of constraints in equations of motion.
C3. Classify Constraints.
C4. Describe generalized coordinates.
C5. State principle of virtual work.
C6. Explain D’ Alembert’s principle.
C7. Derive Lagrange’s equation from D’ Alembert’s principle
C8.Find the Lagrange’s equation of motion for Simple pendulum
C9. Describe Atwood’s machine in terms of its Lagrange’s equations
C10. Extend the Lagrange’s equation of motion to represent motion under
central force.
C11. Outline Hamilton’s principle to derive Lagrange’s equations
C12.Recognize the merits of Lagrange’s equation over Newtonian approach
C13. Define generalized momentum and cyclic coordinates
C14. Illustrate Hamilton’s equations
C15. Extend Hamiltonian Dynamics to explain one dimensional and two
dimensional Harmonic oscillators
C16. Apply Hamilton’s principle to describe Simple pendulum.
C17. Illustrate Calculus of variations to find out Euler Lagrange’s equations
C18. Extend the method of calculus of variations to find shortest distance
between two points
C19. Explain Brachistochrone problem using the method of calculus of
variations.
C20. Outline the method of calculus of variations to find the equation of the
curve between two fixed points which revolve about a given axis to
give the surface of revolution for which surface area is minimum
C21. Examine one dimensional harmonic oscillator by the method of
calculus of variations.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 61
C22.Summarize the limitations of classical mechanics through photoelectric
effect and Compton Effect.
C23.State the Bohr postulates
C24.Describe Stern & Gerlach Experiment
C25.State the correspondence principle
C26.Illustrate the dual nature of matter through diffraction experiment
C27.Explain uncertainty principle
C28.Express the concept of wave packet
C29. Clarify particle velocity and group velocity
C30. Set up the time dependant Schrodinger equation for wave function give
its Interpretation
C31.Obtain the time independent Schrodinger equation
C32.Identify the operators associated with coordinate, energy, momentum
C33.State the postulates of quantum mechanics
C34.Solve time dependent Schrodinger equation for specific cases like
particle in a box,Square potential barrier
C35. Express the concept of zero point energy of a harmonic oscillator.
C36. Derive the radial &Polar - θ equation for a particle in spherically
symmetric potential
C37. List the solutions of polar & Azimuthal equations
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 62
BLUE PRINT
PH5B05TB Classical and Quantum Mechanics
Module
Hours
54
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Lagrangian and
Hamiltonian Dynamics
18 2/1 3/2 3/2 1/2 33/35
II
Origin of Quantum
theory and Wave
mechanical concepts
14
1/1
2/3 3/2 1/1 30/27
III
General formalism of
Quantum mechanics and
the Energy eigen value
problems
22 2/3 3/3 2/4 2/1 38/39
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 63
SEMESTER V
PH5B06TB Physical Optics and Photonics
Credits – 3
Total Lecture hours – 54
Aim
This course aims to provide necessary foundation in optics and photonics.
Further this course will provide a platform for an extensive study of
advanced topics at a later stage.
Course Overview
This course covers delivers basic idea of wave optics and deals different
optical phenomena such as interference, diffraction and polarization in
detail. A good knowledge of optics is essential for the understanding of
developments of Photonics further, this course incorporate topics such as
lasers, Fibre Optics and Optical Communication.
Module I
Wave optics (Basic ideas) (1hr)
Nature of light- theories of light- EM nature of light.Wavefront- propagation
of wavefront.Characteristics of a wave- mathematical representation of a
travelling wave.
Text Book: Optics - Subramanayam, Brijlal, M. N Avadhanalu, S.Chand,
Revised 24th EditionChapter 1 (Sec. 1.2-1.3) &Chapter 12 (Sec. 12.1-12.6)
Interference (10hrs)
Review of basic ideas of interference – optical path – phase difference -
coherence- superposition of waves- condition for bright and dark fringes.
Interference (Analytical method) - intensity distribution. Techniques of
obtaining interference- wavefront splitting- Fresnel’s biprism-theory- fringe
width- lateral displacement of fringes. Amplitude splitting- Interference in
thin films-planeparallel film (reflected system)-conditions for brightness
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 64
anddarkness-Fizeau and Haidinger fringes- Air wedge- theory-determination
of wedge angle and thickness of spacer- colours in thin films.Newton’s
rings(reflected system)-determination of wavelength of light-refractive index
of liquid.Michelson interferometer-principle-construction-working
(formation of fringes- qualitative ideas)- applications-determination of
wavelength- thickness of thin transparent sheet-refractive index of gases.
Text Book: Optics - Subramanayam, Brijlal, M. N Avadhanalu, S.Chand,
Revised 24th EditionChapter 14 ( Sec.14.1 – 14.4.2, 14.8, 14.9 – 14.9.4)
and Chapter 15 (Sec. 15.1 – 15.2.5, 15.4- 16.6.9, 15.7, 15.8)
Diffraction (11 hrs)
Fresnel Diffraction
Huygens- Fresnel theory –Fresnel assumptions- Fresnel half period zones-
theory of rectilinear propagation- zone plate – action of zone platefor an
incident spherical wavefront-comparison between zone plate and convex
lens.Diffraction pattern due to a straight edge – intensity at a point in the
geometrical shadow.
Fraunhoffer diffraction (calculus method not required)
Fraunhoffer diffraction at a single slit, double slit- missing orders in double
slit, theory of plane diffraction grating-( normal incidence, N slits)- width of
principal maxima-absent spectra-overlapping of spectral lines-determination
of wavelength of a spectral line-dispersive power of grating-comparison of
prism & grating spectra. Comparison between interference and dfiffraction.
Text Book :Optics - Subramanayam, Brijlal, M. N Avadhanalu, S.Chand,
Revised 24th EditionChapter 17 (Sec. 17.1 – 17.7, 17.10 -17.10.2) and
Chapter 18 (18.1 – 18.2.1, 18.4,18.4.2, 18.4.3, 18.7 – 18.7.2, 18. 7.4 –
18.7.8)
Module II
Polarization (10hrs)
Polarization- introduction to polarization- polarization by reflection-
Brewster’s law-Malus’ Law-polarization by double refraction-calcite crystal-
optic axis- principal section-Huygen’s explanation of double refraction-
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 65
phase difference between e ray and o ray- superposition of waves linearly
polarized at right angles-types of polarized light – retarders-quarter wave
plates- half wave plates – production and detection of elliptically and
circularly polarized light- optical activity- Fresnels explanation of optical
rotation (analytical treatment not needed)- specific rotation-application-
Laurent’s half shade polarimeter.
Text Book :Optics - Subramanayam, Brijlal, M. N Avadhanalu, S.Chand,
Revised 24th Edition, Chapter 20
Module-III
Lasers (12hrs)
Absorption and emission of light-Absorption-spontaneous emission and
stimulated emission-light amplification by stimulated emission.Einstein’s
relations-condition forlight amplification –population inversion-pumping –
pumping methods –optical pumping – electrical pumping –injection
pumping. Active medium-metastable states- pumping schemes (two level,
three level and four level)- Characteristics of laser beam- Optical resonator
(theory not required) -Threshold condition. Types of lasers-ruby laser, He-
Ne laser, semiconductorlaser. Applications of lasers-Holography (principle,
recording and reconstruction)-medical applications- materials processing-
cutting, drilling and welding.
Text Book
1. An introduction to lasers theory and applications- MN
Avadhanulu.S.Chand, Chapters 1,2,3& 5.
2. Optics - Subramanayam, Brijlal, M. N Avadhanalu, S.Chand,
Revised 24th Editio, Chapter 22& 23.
Fibre Optics and Optical Communication (10hrs)
Optical fibre- Critical angle of propagation-modes of propagation (Ray
theory only)- Acceptance angle-Fractional refractive index change-
Numerical Aperture- Types of Optical fibers-Normalized Frequency- pulse
dispersion Attenuation- Applications- Fibre opticcommunication system-
Advantages of Optical fibers.
Text Book :Optics - Subramanayam, Brijlal, M. N Avadhanalu, S.Chand,
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 66
Revised 24th Edition, Chapter 24.
References
1. Optics 3rd edition- AjoyGhatak, TMH
2. Optical Electronics – AjoyGhatak and K Thyagarajan, Cambridge
3. Optics and Atomic Physics D P Khandelwal, Himalaya Pub. House
4. Optics S K Srivastava, CBS Pub. N Delhi
5. A Text book of Optics S L Kakani, K L Bhandari, S Chand.
6. Optical Fiber Communications – Principles and Practice - John M Senior,
Pearson, 3rdEdn.
Competencies:
C1. Recognise the different theories proposed in the field of light.
C2. Examine the electromagnetic nature of light.
C3. Define wavefront.
C4. Recognise the attributes which characterizes a wave.
C5. Give the mathematical representation of a travelling wave.
C6. Define the optical path and phase difference.
C7. Understand coherence.
C8. Discuss the principle behind interference.
C9. Recall the conditions for brightness and darkness for interference
patteren.
C10. Estimate the intensity distribution of interference analytically.
C11. Classify Interference based on the different ways of obtaining of
coherent sources.
C12. Discuss interference in Biprism.
C13. Estimate the lateral displacement of fringes due to introduction of a
plate in the path of one of the interfering beam.
C14. Explain the interference in plane parallel thin film formed in reflected
system.
C15. Distinguish between the different types of interference fringes in thin
film.
C16. Contrast the interference in reflected and transmitted system.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 67
C17. Describe the interference in air wedge.
C18. Determine the thickness of spacer in air wedge.
C19. Recognize the theory behind colours seen in thin film.
C20. Explain Newton’s rings Formation.
C21. Determine wavelength of light and refractive index of liquid.
C22. Illustrate principle, construction and working of Michelson
interferometer.
C23. Generalize the applications of Michelson interferometer.
C24. Classify diffraction.
C25. State Fresnel assumptions of diffraction.
C26. DescibeFresnel half period zones.
C27. Recognize the theory of rectilinear propagation
C28. Identify action of zone plate.
C29. Compare zone plate and convex lens.
C30. Explain Diffraction pattern due to a straight edge.
C31. Extend Fraunhoffer diffraction to single slit, double slit and N slits.
C32. Explain missing orders in double slit
C33. Determine wavelength of a spectral line
C34. Compare prism & grating spectra.
C35. Differentiate interference and diffraction.
C36. Define polarization.
C37. State and prove Brewster’s law. Apply it in calculation of polarizing
angle and refractive index.
C38. Understand polarization by double refraction.
C39. Discuss the Huygen’s explanation for double refraction.
C40. Differentiate between o-ray and e-ray.
C41. Explain the superposition of waves linearly polarized at right angle.
C42. List the different types of polarized light.
C43. Classify retardation plates.
C44. Discuss the production and detection of elliptically and circulary
polarised light.
C45. Understand the theory behind optical rotation and apply the principle
in Laurent’s half shade polarimeter.
C46. Use the concepts of A and B coefficients to predict the possibilities of
laser emission.
C47. Understand the significance of Einstein’s coefficients.
C48. Classify various pumping methods and pumping schemes.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 68
C49. Describe the working of various lasers mentioned in the syllabus and
compare their output wavelengths.
C50. Understand the basics of holography and use basic theory to explain
the formation of real and virtual images.
C51. Use elementary equations to calculate population, equilibrium
temperature, output frequency, and optimum cavity length of various
lasers.
C52. Learn any two applications each of lasers in the field of medicine and
material processing.
C53. Explain the basic principles and fundamental concepts of optical
fibers using ray theory.
C54. Calculate numerical aperture, critical angle, acceptance angle, and
normalized frequency using basic equations.
C55. Classify optical fibers using refractive index profile.
C56. Outline the schematic used to convey the meaning of optical fiber
communication systems.
C57. Explain how light as a carrier wave will increase the communication
band width.
C58. List the advantages of OFC compared to electrical communication
systems.
C59. Explain the formation of modes using ray theory.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 69
BLUE PRINT
PH5B06TB Physical Optics and Photonics
Module Hours
54
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8
5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Wave Optics,
Interference,
Diffraction
22 2 3 4/3 1/2 38/43
II
Polarization
10 1 2 1 1 20
III
Lasers, Fiber
Optics & Optical
Communications
22 2 3 3/4 2/1 43/38
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 70
Semester V
PH5B07TB Thermal and Statistical Physics
Credits – 3
Total lecture hours – 54hrs
Aim
The topics on thermodynamics are intended to develop a basic knowledge
required to design any device involving the interchange between heat and
work or the conversion of material to produce heat. The topic on statistical
mechanics, on the other hand is expected to provide an understanding of the
behavior of these systems in a microscopic level.
Course overview and context
Thermodynamics describes the bulk behavior of the body, not the
microscopic behavior of the very large numbers of its microscopic
constituents, such as molecules. The first module deals with the laws of
thermodynamics and the working of heat engines. The concept of entropy,
thermodynamic potentials and the various laws of thermal radiation are
discussed in the second module. The third module deals with the
fundamental topics of statistical mechanics and a description of the different
types of statistics.
Module I
Thermal Physics (18 hrs)
Thermodynamic system- Zeroth law(Statement and explanation)-
Thermodynamic equilibrium- First law of thermodynamics- Applications of
first law-Specific heats of a gas, isochoric process, isobaric process,
adiabatic process, adiabatic equation of a perfect gas, cyclic process,
isothermal process-Indicator diagram- Work done during isothermal and
adiabatic process- slopes of adiabatics and isothermals- relation between
adiabatic and isothermal elasticities..
Reversible and irreversible process- Heat Engines-Carnot’s ideal heat
engine-Carnot’s cycle-Effective way to increase efficiency-Carnot’s engine
and refrigerator-coefficient of performance -Second law of thermodynamics-
Kelvin’s and Clausius’s statement-Carnot’s theorem-Steam engine-Internal
combustion engine-Otto engine, Petrol engine, Diesel engine-its efficiencies.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 71
Text Book: Thermodynamics and Statistical physics Brij Lal,
N.Subrahmanyam and P S Hemne, S. Chand &Co, Multi colour edition
2007, Chapters 4
Module II
Thermodynamic relations and Thermal radiation (18 hrs)
Entropy- change in entropy- entropy change in adiabatic process and
reversible cycles- Principle of increase of entropy- The T-S diagram-
Physical significance of entropy- Entropy of steam- Third law of
thermodynamics: Nernst’s Heat theorem-Zero point energy.
Thermodynamic potentials- Significance of thermodynamic potentials-
relation of thermodynamic potentials with their variables- The TdS
equations- Clapeyron’s Latent heat equation using Maxwell’s
Thermodynamical relations.
Thermal radiation- Prevost’s theory of heat exchanges- Black body- Fery’s
black body- Black body radiation and its temperature dependence- Emissive
power and absorptive power- Stefan –Boltzmann law- Distribution of energy
in blackbody spectrum- Wein’s displacement law- Rayleigh-Jeans law- The
ultraviolet catastrophe- Planck’s law (no derivation).
Text Book: Thermodynamics and Statistical physics Brij Lal,
N.Subrahmanyam and P S Hemne, (S. Chand &Co, Multi colour edition
2007, Chapters 5,6and8.
Module III
Statistical Mechanics (18hrs)
Probability – Principle of equal a priori probability – Micro and macro state
– Thermodynamic probability
Position space, Momentum space, phase space, mu – space and gamma
space (qualitative ideas only) Minimum size in classical and quantum
mechanics – entropy and thermodynamic probability - Boltzmann’s entropy
relation – Ensembles – Kinds of ensembles – Gibbs paradox
Three kinds of particles – Classical statistics – Maxwell – Boltzmann
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 72
Distribution law – Need of quantum statistics – indistinguishability of
particles – Bose – Einstein Distribution law and its application to black body
radiation – Fermi – Dirac statistics and its application to electron gas
Text Book: Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics – Brijlal&
Subramanyam, S. Chand &Co, Multi colour edition 2007, Chapters
9,10,11,12
Reference:
1. Heat and Thermodynamics, Mark W Zemaskay and Richard H Dittman,
TataMcGraw-Hill Publishing Co. (Special Indian Edition)
2. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, Greiner, Springer
3. Berkeley Physics Course Volume 5; Statistical Physics; Frederick Reif.
McGraw Hill.
4. A Treatise on Heat; Saha and Srivastava, The Indian Press, Allahabad.
5. Statistical Mechanics, R.K. Pathria, Pergamon press, Oxford
Competencies
C1. Understand the concept of Thermodynamic system.
C2. Explain Zeroth law of thermodynamics.
C3. Illustrate Thermodynamic equilibrium.
C4. Explain first law of thermodynamics.
C5. Apply first law to isochoric process, isobaric process, adiabatic process.
C6. Derive the equation for adiabatic process of a perfect gas.
C7. Explain cyclic process.
C8.Exemplify Indicator diagram.
C9. Derive the work done during isothermal and adiabatic process.
C10.Determine slopes of adiabatics and isothermals.
C11. Relate adiabatic and isothermal elasticities.
C12. Differentiate between reversible and irreversible process.
C13. Describe the parts of heat engines.
C14.Explain Carnot’s ideal heat engine using Carnot’s cycle and derive it’s
efficiency.
C15. Describe effective ways to increase efficiency of Carnot’s engine.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 73
C16.Compare the working of a heat engine and refrigerator
C17. Define coefficient of performance a refrigerator.
C19. Explain second law of thermodynamics.
C20.State and verify Carnot’s theorem.
C21. Distinguish between internal and external combustion engines.
C22.Describe the working of Steam engine, Otto engine, Petrol engine and
Diesel engine and derive their efficiencies.
C23. Understand the concept of entropy and change in entropy.
C23. Derive entropy change in adiabatic process and reversible cycles.
C24. Explain the Principle of increase of entropy.
C25. Explain T-S diagram.
C26. Understand the physical significance of entropy.
C27. Determine entropy of steam.
C28.State Third law of thermodynamics: Nernst’s Heat theorem.
C29. Understand the concept of zero point energy.
C30. Recognize the significance of thermodynamic potentials.
C31. Establish the relation of thermodynamic potentials with their variables.
C32. Discuss TdS equations.
C33.Derive Clapeyron’s Latent heat equation using Maxwell’s Thermo-
dynamical relations.
C34. Define thermal radiation.
C35. Describe Prevost’s theory of heat exchanges.
C36. Illustrate black body.
C37. Understand the temperature dependence of black body radiation.
C38. Define emissive power and absorptive power.
C39. State the principle of Equal a priori probability.
C40. Define and distinguish between micro and macrostates.
C41. Classify the different coordinate and spaces.
C42. Derive the Boltzmann’s thermodynamic relation.
C43. Define an ensemble and classify them.
C44. State and explain Gibb’s paradox.
C45. Explain the three kinds of particles.
C46. Derive the Maxwell – Boltzmann Distribution Law.
C47. Discuss the need for quantum statistics and derive Bose – Einstein and
Fermi – Dirac distribution laws.
C48. Discuss one application of B- E and F- D statistics.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 74
BLUE PRINT
PH5B07TB Thermal and Statistical Physics
Module Hours
54
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Thermal
Physics
18 2/1 3/2 3/2 1/2 33/35
II
Thermodyn
amic
relations
and
Thermal
radiation
18
1/2
2/3 2/3 2/1 35/33
III
Statistical
Mechanics
18 2/2 3/3 3/3 1/1 33/33
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 75
SEMESTER V
PH5B08TB Digital Electronics
Credits – 3
Total contact hours – 54
Aim
This course is expected to nurture basic understanding of principles of
digital electronics and to provide necessary back ground to the major aspects
of combinational and sequential logics.
Course Overview
The course on digital electronics starts from different number system-
specifically, the binary number system and the various operations associated
with it. Boolean algebra is introduced and discussed in detail. Finally, the
course includes topics such as combinational and sequential logics.
Module I
Number systems (8 hrs)
Digital and analog systems- Comparison-.Different number systems-
decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal-conversion between different
number systems. Binary arithmetic addition, subtraction and multiplication.
Subtraction with 2’s complement and 1’s complement method- BCD code,
ASCII code.
Text Book: Digital principles and applications 5thEdn. Malvino, Leach,
TMH. Chapters 5and 6 (Sec. 6.1-6.6)
Module II
Boolean algebra (20 hrs)
Binary logic- AND,OR, NOT,NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR gates –
operators- Logic symbol - truth table-Laws of Boolean algebra- Demorgan’s
theorem- Duality theorem- Boolean functions- Complement of a function.
Reducing Boolean expressions- Sum of product method, product of sum
method- Conversion between truth table, Boolean expressions and Logic
diagrams- Simplification of Boolean functions using Karnauh map (Two,
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 76
three and four variables).
Text Book:Digital principles and applications 5thEdn. Malvino, Leach,
TMH. Chapter 2 and 3.
Module III
Combinational Logic (9 hrs)
Adders- Half and Full adders- Subtractor- Four bit adder- Subtractor.
Encoders, Decoders, Multiplexers and Demultiplexers
Sequential logic (17 hrs)
Flip-flops, RS, Clocked RS, D flip flop, JK flip flop, Master Slave flip flop,
T flip flop- Shift register- serial in- serial out- Counters- Binary ripple
counter- Decade counter. D/A converters (Ladder type), A/D Converter
(Counter type).
Text Book:
1. Digital principles and applications 5thEdn. Malvino, Leach, TMH.
Chapter 6 (Sec. 6.7&6.8) and Chapter 4 (Sec. 4.1 - 4.6), Chapter
8(Sec. 8.1-8.7), Chapter 9 (Sec.9.1& 9.2).
2. Digital Computer Electronics- Malvino, Appendix 1 The analog
interface.
References:
1. Digital design- M Morris Mano PHI
2. Digital logic and computer design - M Morris Mano PHI
3. Digital Electronics- William H Gothmann PHI
4. Digital principles and applications 6th Edn. Malvino, Leach and Saha
TMH
5. Digital circuits and design- S Salivahanan and S Arivazhakan PHI
6. Digital Electronics- Sedha S Chand
7. Pulse, Digital and switching wave forms –Millam and Taub.
8. Digital computer electronics- Malvino, Brown TMH
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 77
9. Digital electronics- Tokheim(TMH)
Competencies:
C1.Compare Digital and analog systems.
C2.Classify different number systems.
C3.Instantiate conversion between different number systems.
C4.Explain binary arithmetic addition, subtraction and multiplication.
C5. Illustrate subtraction with 2’s complement and 1’s complement method.
C6. Mention BCD code and ASCII code.
C7. Differentiate logic gates
C8. Compare operators, logic symbols and truth tables of different logic
gates.
C9. State laws of Boolean algebra.
C10. Describe Demorgan’sand duality theorem.
C11. Use Sum of product method, product of sum method for reducing
Boolean expressions.
C12. Simplify Boolean functions using Karnauh map.
C13. Categorize Adder circuits.
C14. Mention encoders, decoders, multiplexers and demultiplexers.
C15. Illustrate and classify Flip-flops, Registers and Counters.
C16. Describe D/A and A/D converters.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 78
BLUE PRINT
PH5B08TB Digital Electronics
Module Hours
54
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8
5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Number
Systems
8 1 2 2 0 15
II
Boolean
Algebra
20 3 5 3 1 38
III
Combinational
Logic,
Sequential
Logic
26 1 1 3 3 48
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 79
Semester VI
PH6B09TB Computational Physics
Credits – 3
Total lecture hours– 54hrs
Aim
This course is intended to give an insight to computer hardware and computer
applications. It also aims at teaching students the basic elements and functions of
microprocessors. This course provides a comprehensive study of the
C++programming language and an introduction to the field of numerical
analysis.
Course Overview and context
The first module includes a basic idea of microprocessors, microprocessor
initiated, internal and external operations, internal architecture, pinout and
signals, instruction format and addressing modes of 8085 microprocessor.
Module II deals with C++ programming basics, the basic ideas of structures,
arrays, functions, objects and classes. In module III different numerical methods
for finding the solution of algebraic equation, numerical integration and the
numerical solution of differential equations are explained.
Module 1
Microprocessors (20 hrs)
Introduction to microprocessors- microprocessor operations (with relevance to
8085microprocessor): 8085 bus organization-address bus- data bus- control bus,
internal data operations- 8085 registers- accumulator- flags- program counter-
stack pointer, externally initiated operations.
The 8085 microprocessor architecture- pinout and signals- internal architecture of
8085 microprocessor .Machine language- assembly language- high level
language. Instruction cycle, machine cycle and T state- instruction format-
addressing modes. The 8085 instruction set- simple programmes for data transfer,
addition and subtraction.
Text Book: Microprocessor architecture, programming and applications,
Ramesh S. Gaonkar, Chapter 1-6.
Computer hardware (Internal assessment only; self study)
Characteristics of a computer- I/O devices- memory and storage devices- RAM,
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 80
ROM,Primary and secondary memory
Text book:Fundamentals of Microprocessors and microcomputers- B. Ram
(Dhanpat Rai Pub.)
Module II
Programming in C++ (22 hrs)
Introduction- C++ programming basics- C++ program structure-data types in
C++ variables-input/output with cout and cin-arithmetic operators-library
functions.
Loops and decisions: Relational operators-Loops-for, while and do while-
Decisions-if, if-else, switch-The conditional operator-logical operators-exit ()-
Loop control statements-break , continue and the goto.
Structures: Structure specifiers and definitions-accessing structure members-
structures within structures.
Functions: Simple functions-function definitions and declarations-Passing
arguments to functions by value-Simple functions with return value, variables
and storage classes.
Objects and classes: Simple class-C++ objects as physical objects and C++
objects as data types.
Arrays: Basic idea of one and two dimensional arrays-array definitions-accessing
array elements- Addition and multiplication of matrices.
Text book: Object oriented programming in Turbo C++- Robert Lafore,
Galgotia Pub, Chapter ………
Module III
Numerical methods (12 hrs)
Iteration principle- solution of algebraic and transcendental equations- bisection,
false position and Newton-Raphson methods- algorithms - numerical integration
–trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3 rule - algorithm- Numerical solution of
differential equation- Euler’s method and second order Runge-Kutta method -
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 81
algorithm.
Text Book: Computer oriented numerical methods. V Rajaraman 3rd Edn PHI,
Ch. 3,8and 9
References:
1. Microprocessor architecture, programming and applications- Ramesh S.
Gaonkar (Penram Int. Pub.)
2. Fundamentals of Microprocessors and microcomputers- B. Ram (Dhanpat Rai
Pub.)
3. Microcomputers and Microprocessors- John Uffenbeck (PHI Pub.)
4. Object oriented programming in Turbo C++ - Robert Lafore (Galgotia Pub.)
5. Programming with C++ - John R. Hubbard (Mc Graw Hill Pub.)
6. Numerical method- V. Rajaram (PHI Pub.)
7. Introductory methods of Numerical methods -S.S .Sastry (PHI Pub.)
8. Numerical method with computer programming in C++ - Ghosh (PHI Pub.) B
Sc Programme in Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University
Competencies:
C1. Define microprocessor.
C2. Explain microprocessor operations
C3. Represent the bus structure of microprocessor
C4. Explain and represent programmable registers of microprocessor
C5. Illustrate and Explain pinout diagram and architecture of microprocessor
C6. Differentiate machine language, assembly language and high level language
C7. Explain instruction cycle and machine cycle
C8. Define addressing modes of microprocessor
C9. Understand the 8085 instruction set
C10. Develop simple programmes for data transfer, addition and subtraction
C11.Understand C++ program structure
C12.Illustrate data types in C++.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 82
C13. Recognize variables.
C14.Explain input/output with cout and cin.
C15. Explain arithmetic operators and library functions.
C16. Illustrate relational operators.
C17.Explain for, while and do while loops.
C18. Explain if, if-else and switch decision statements.
C19. Explain the conditional operator and recognize its significance.
C20. Explain logical operators and exit ().
C21.Explain loop control statements-break, continue and the goto.
C22. Illustrate structures.
C23. Explain simple functions.
C24. Categorize variables and storage classes.
C25. Explain a simple class.
C26.Explain C++ objects as physical objects and C++ objects as data types.
C27. Explain one and two dimensional arrays.
C28. Illustrate addition and multiplication of matrices.
C29.Explain bisection, false position and Newton-Raphson methods to find
solution of algebraic and transcendental equations also state algorithm.
C30. Explain trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3 rule for numerical integration
also state algorithm.
C31. Explain Euler’s method and second order Runge-Kutta method to find the
numerical solution of differential equation also state algorithm.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 83
BLUE PRINT
PH6B09TB Computational physics
Module
Hours
36
Mark
1
Marks
2
Marks
4
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5/ 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Microprocessors
20 2 2/4 2/3 2/1 36/35
II
Programming in
C++
22 2 4/2 4/3 1/2 40/41
III
Numerical
methods
12 1 2 2 1 25
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 84
Semester VI
PH6B10TB Nuclear and Particle Physics
Credits – 3
Total lecture hours – 54hrs
Aim
This course is intended to explore the interior of nucleus and to understand the
paramount importance of nucleus in the grant scheme of things. It is also aimed
to provide an exposure to Particle Physics, a branch of physics that studies the
elementary constituents of matter and the interactions between them.
Course Overview and context
Nuclear physics is a science dealing with structures, elements and forces of the
nuclei. And its applications in modern world are enormous ranging from
production of nuclear energy, weapons to diagnosis and treatment in medicine.
The course starts with the basic topics such as classification and static properties
of nuclei, nuclear forces. Then it gives an introductory note on models and
detectors of nuclear radiations. The principal aspects of radioactivity, nuclear
reactions, particle physics are further included in this course.
.
Module I
Nuclear structure & General properties of nuclei (15 hrs)
Classification of nuclei – isotopes, isobars, isomers, mirror nuclei. General
properties of nucleus – size, nuclear mass, density, charge - angular momentum-
nuclear magnetic dipole moments- electric quadrupole moment- Mass defect-
binding energy- B.E. curve- packing fraction- nuclear stability. Theories of
nuclear composition – proton-electron hypothesis, proton-neutron hypothesis.
Properties of Nuclear forces – Meson theory of nuclear forces. Models of Nuclear
structure- Liquid drop model -semi empirical mass formula- shell model-
collective model (Quantitative ideas only). Detectors of nuclear radiations –
ionisation chamber, Proportional counter, G.M Counter.
Text Book:
Modern Physics R. Murugeshan Kiruthiga Sivaprasad, S. Chand. Thirteenth
Revised Multicolour Edition 2007, Chapter 27 Section 27.1- 27.12 , & Chapter
29 Sections 29.3,29.5,29.6
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 85
Module II
Radioactivity (18 hrs)
Natural radioactivity – Radioactive disintegration law – half life, Mean life-
Radioactive series. Radioactive dating – Uranium dating, Carbon dating. Range
of α particles – range – energy relationship. Geiger – Nuttal law - Alpha particle
disintegration energy- Theory of α decay – Gamow’s theory. β decay - β ray
energy spectrum- Neutrino hypothesis- Positron emission, orbital electron
capture (Basic ideas only). γ decay – Internal conversion - Electron positron pair
production by γ rays-Electron positron annihilation. Artificial radioactivity-
Transuranic elements. (Basic ideas only). Nuclear waste disposal - radiation
hazards from nuclear explosion.
Text Book:
Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan Kiruthiga Sivaprasad S.Chand. Thirteenth
Revised Multicolour Edition 2007, Chapter 31
For topics Nuclear waste disposal and radiation hazards from nuclear
explosion, Chapter 32
For topics Artificial radioactivity Chapter 34 Section 34.9
For topics Transuranic elements Chapter 35, Section 35.10
Module III
Nuclear fission & Fusion (11 hrs)
Discovery of nuclear fission – Energy released in fission - Bohr and Wheeler
Theory- chain reaction- Atom Bomb-Nuclear reactors –Power reactors, Breeder
reactor. Nuclear fusion – Sources of stellar energy – Proton-Proton cycle,
Carbon - Nitrogen cycle- Thermonuclear reactions - Hydrogen bomb- Controlled
thermonuclear reactions.
Text Book:Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan Kiruthiga Sivaprasad S.Chand.
Thirteenth Revised Multicolour Edition 2007, Chapter 35Section 35.1- 35.9
Elementary particles (10 hrs)
Particles and antiparticles –Antimatter- Fundamental interactions in nature.
Classification of elementary particles (based on nuclear interactions)-Resonance
particles
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 86
Elementary particle quantum numbers- conservation laws- symmetry, the quark
model –
Compositions of hadron (based on quark model). Cosmic rays – Discovery -
lattitude effect- altitude effect- east west effect- Primary and secondary ray –
Cosmic Ray showers-Origin of cosmic rays.
Text Book:Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan Kiruthiga Sivaprasad,S.Chand.
Thirteenth Revised Multicolour Edition 2007, Chapter 38, Sections 38.1- 38.7
and Chapter 37, Sections 37.1- 37.7&37.10-37.11
References:
1. Modern Physics- Aruldhas & P.Rajagopal, PHI
2. Concepts of Modern Physics -Arthur Beisser
3. Atomic and Nuclear Physics (Ch. 15) R. Murugeshan S.Chand
4. Nuclear Physics D. C. Tayal
5. Nuclear and Particle Physics S L Kakani and Subhra Kakani -Viva Books
2008
Competencies:
C1. Identify Isotopes, Isobars, Isomers, Mirror nuclei.
C2. Illustrate General properties of nucleus
C3. Describe angular momentum, nuclear magnetic dipole moments and electric
quadrupole moment.
C4. State Mass defect, binding energy
C5. Draw and explain B.E. curve.
C6. Explain the theories of nuclear composition
C7. Recognize properties of Nuclear forces
C8. Classify Models of Nuclear structure
C9. Distinguish and differentiate detectors of nuclear radiations.
C10.State Radioactive disintegration law
C11. Illustrate half life, Mean life
C12. Retrieve Radioactive series, radioactive dating.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 87
C13. Explain Range of α particles, range – energy relationship.
C14. State Gamow’s theory of α decay.
C15. Understand β & γ decay and associated processes
C16. Mention artificial radioactivity, transuranic elements
C17. Recognize nuclear waste disposal & radiation hazards from nuclear
explosion
C18. Illustrate Energy released in fission
C19. State Bohr and Wheeler Theory
C20. Classify Nuclear reactors
C21. Associate & discuss Sources of stellar energy
C22. Categorize Fundamental interactions in nature
C23. Classify elementary particles
C14. Instantiate the quark model.
C15. Distinguish primary & secondary cosmic rays
C16. Discuss lattitude effect, altitude effect, east west effect.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 88
BLUE PRINT
PH6B10TB Nuclear & Particle Physics
Module Hours
54
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Nuclear
Structure &
General
properties of
Nuclei
18 2/1 3/2 3/2 1/2 33/35
II
Radioactivity 18 1/2
2/3 2/3 2/1 35/33
III
Nuclear
Fission,&
Fusion,
Elementary
Particles
18 2/2 3/3 3/3 1/1 33/33
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 89
Semester VI
PH6B11TB Condensed Matter Physics
Credits – 3
Total lecture hours – 54
Aim
This course aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to the subject of
Condensed Matter. It intends to provide with a basic foundation in the subject
and also to familiarize the student with new and advanced topics in the field.
Course Overview and Context
Condensed matter physics deals with the physical properties of condensed phases
of matter which try to understand their behavior by using physical laws. In
particular, these include the laws of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and
statistical mechanics. This course provides basic knowledge about the structure
of crystals, theories that discuss the distribution and motion of electrons in
materials and the properties thereof. It also explores new materials like
superconductors, Polymers, liquid crystals which have high prospects of
application.
Module I
Crystal Structure (14 hrs)
Crystal lattice – Unit cell – Basis – Symmetry Operations – Point groups and
Space groups – Types of Bravais lattices – Lattice directions and Planes – Miller
Indices - Interplanar spacing – Crystal structures – simple cubic, fcc, bcc and hcp
– structure of diamond, Zinc Blende and Sodium Chloride
X Ray Diffraction ( 4 hrs)
Bragg’s Law – Experimental methods of X ray Diffraction – Powder Method –
Reciprocal Lattice – Reciprocal lattice vectors (Elementary ideas only)
Text Book: Solid State Physics – R. K. Puri and V. K. Babbar, Chapter 1 and 2
Module II
Free Electron Theory and Band theory of Solids (13 hrs)
Drude – Lorentz’s classical theory – Sommerfeld’s quantum theory – Free
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 90
electron gas in one dimension – Fermi energy – Total energy- Density of states –
Filling of energy levels – Application of free electron gas model
Band theory – Bloch theorem (statement only) – Kronig – Penney model
(Qualitative ideas only) – Velocity and effective mass of electron – Distinction
between metals, insulators and semiconductors.
Semiconductors – Intrinsic and Extrinsic – Carrier concentration, Fermi level and
conductivity for intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors (Expression only)
Text Book : Solid State Physics – R. K. Puri and V. K. Babbar - Chapter 5, 6
and 7
Materials Science and Technology (5 hrs)
Amorphous Semiconductors - Liquid Crystals – Polymers - Thin films -
(Qualitative ideas only)
Text Books:
1. Elementary Solid State Physics - Ali Omar (Pearson) -Chapter 12
2. Thin film fundamentals - A.Goswami, New Age International,2008 -
Chapter1
Module III
Magnetic and Dielectric properties of Solids (11 hrs)
Types of Magnetism – Dia and Paramagenetism – Langevin’s classical theory –
Ferromagnetism – Domains and hysteresis – Antiferromagnetism and
feriimagnetism (Qualitative ideas only)
Dielectric properties – Local field – Clausius Mossotti relation – Sources of
polarisability – Frequency dependence – Ferro and Piezo electricity
Text Book: Solid State Physics – R. K. Puri and V. K. Babbar Chapter 8 and 9
Superconductivity (7 hrs)
Superconducting phenomenon – Meissner effect –Critical field - Type I and Type
II superconductors – Entropy, specific heat, energy gap – Isotope Effect –
Josephson Effect – SQUIDs – BCS theory (qualitative ideas only) – Applications
Text Book: Solid State Physics – R. K. Puri and V. K. Babbar - Chapter 10
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 91
References
1. Introduction to Solid State Physics- Kittel, C. Wiley -8th edition
2. Elementary Solid State Physics - Ali Omar - Pearson
3. Solid State Physics, P.K. Palanisamy, Scitech publications
4. Solid State Physics -Ashcroft, N.W. & Mermin, N.D., TMH
5. Solid State Physics - Blakemore, J.S., Cambridge, 2nd edition
6. Solid State Physics - C.L. Arora,. S Chand.
7. Solid State Physics - S.O. Pillai,. New Age International
8. Superconductivity, Superfluids and Condensate - James F Annett - Oxford.
Competencies
C1. Define the fundamental terms needed to study the structure of a crystal.
C2. Describe the symmetry operations in a crystal.
C3. Define point groups and space groups.
C4. Discuss the different types of lattices.
C5. Use the idea of Miller indices to represent lattice directions
C6. Distinguish the different crystal structures with examples.
C7. State and prove Bragg’s law.
C8. Discuss the experimental methods of X- ray diffraction with one example in
detail.
C9. Explain the concepts of reciprocal lattice and reciprocal lattice vectors.
C10. Discuss the classical and quantum theories of free electron model.
C11. Derive expressions for Fermi energy, total energy and density of states for a
free electron gas in one dimension.
C12. Describe the filling of energy levels in a metal.
C13. Discuss one application of free electron gas model.
C14. State Bloch’s theorem.
C15. Discuss band theory qualitatively using Kronig – Penney model.
C16. Derive expressions for velocity and effective mass of an electron using the
ideas of band theory.
C17. Classify materials on the basis of their band structure.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 92
C18. Define semiconductors and classify them.
C19. Discuss the ideas of carrier concentration, Fermi level and conductivity for
semiconductors study the expressions.
C20. Describe amorphous materials, liquid crystals and polymers qualitatively.
C21. Discuss fundamental ideas and properties of thin films.
C22. Classify magnetic materials and discuss their properties.
C23. Discuss Langevin’s classical theory for dia and paramagnetic materials.
C24. Explain domains and hysteresis for ferromagnetic materials.
C25. Define antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic materials.
C26. Explain the dielectric properties of materials.
C27. Define local electric field and derive Clausius – Mosotti relation.
C28. Distinguish between different types of polarisabilities and discuss their
frequency dependence.
C29. Explain ferro and piezo electricity.
C30. Explain the phenomenon of superconductivity.
C31. Discuss the fundamental properties of superconductors.
C32. Classify superconductors into Type I and Type II and discuss about them.
C33. Define Josephson effect and discuss how it is used in SQUIDs.
C34. Explain BCS theory of superconductivity qualitatively.
C35. Discuss the applications of superconductors.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 93
PH6B11TB Condensed Matter Physics
Module Hours
54
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Crystal Structure
X ray Diffraction
18
2/1
3/2
3/2
1/2
33/35
II
Free electron
theory & band
theory of solids
Materials Science
& Technology
18
1/2
2/3
2/3
2/1
35/33
III
Magnetic &
Dielectric
properties of
solids
Superconductivity
18
2/2
3/3
3/3
1/1
33/33
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 94
Semester VI
PH6B12TB Relativity and Spectroscopy
Credits -3
Total Lecture hours- 54
Aim
To introduce the principles and features of Special theory of Relativity and
Spectroscopy. The course is meant to enable the student to understand the laws
of physics in the context of relativistic speed and to know how the spectral lines
from various atoms and molecules are originated.
Course overview and Context
The first module discusses the changes in mass, energy and time due to
relativistic motion. Second module deals with the of origin of atomic spectra and
advances to describe Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance.
Third module gives description of electronic, vibrational and rotational
spectroscopy. It also describes Raman scattering, fluorescence and
phosphorescence.
Module I
Special Theory of Relativity (18 hrs)
Inertial and non inertial frames of reference, Galilean transformation, Michelson
– Morley experiment, Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity, Lorentz
transformation, Velocity transformations, Length contraction, time dilation,
Relativistic Mass, Equivalence of mass and energy.
Text Book: Modern Physics, G. Aruldhas, P. Rajagopal, PHI Learning Pvt.
Ltd. Chapter 1
Module II
Atomic Spectroscopy (18 hours)
Vector Atom model, Quantum numbers associated with vector atom model,
Coupling Schemes- L-S coupling, j-j coupling, Pauli Exclusion principle,
Magnetic dipole moment due to orbital and spin motion of electron, Stern and
Gerlach Experiment, Spin-Orbit coupling.
Optical spectra, spectral terms and notations, selection rules, intensity rule and
interval rule, fine structure of sodium D line, Zeeman Effect, Larmors theorem,
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 95
quantum mechanical explanation of the normal Zeeman Effect, Anomalous
Zeeman effect, Paschen Back Effect and Stark Effect
Nuclear magnetic Resonance (NMR) Principle, Electron spin resonance (ESR)
Principle
Text Books:
1. Modern Physics, R Murugeshan&KiruthigaSivaprasath , S Chand,
Chapter 6 (Relevant sections)
2. Modern Physics, G Aruldhas& P Rajagopal, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
Sections 9.13.1 and 9.14.1
Module III
Molecular spectroscopy (18 hours)
Electromagnetic spectrum, Molecular energies, Classification of molecules,
Rotational Spectra of diatomic molecules, Diatomic vibrational spectra,
Explanation with simple harmonic oscillator.
Electronic Spectra of molecules, Phosphorescence and Fluorescence, Raman
Scattering, Quantum theory of Raman Scattering, Classical description of Raman
scattering, Raman Spectrometer
Text books:
1. Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, Colin N. Banwell and
Elanine M McCash,Tata McGraw- Hill -Sections 2.1to 2.3.1&3.1to
3.1.2
2. Modern Physics,G Aruldhas& P Rajagopal - PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd,
Sectins 9.1, 9.2 &9.12
3. Concepts of Modern Physics, Arthur Beiser, Mc Graw Hill Education
(India) Pvt. Ltd. Section 8.8
References:
1. Concepts of modern Physics, Arthur Beiser, Tata McGraw Hill Publication
2. Mechanics, H S Hans, S P Puri, Tata Mc Graw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.
3. Classical Mechanics – K. Sankara Rao, Prentice Hall of India
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 96
4. Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, Colin N. Banwell and Elanine M
McCash, Tata McGraw- Hill
5. Modern Physics ,GAruldhas& P Rajagopal Sections - PHI Learning
6. Modern Physics, R Murugeshan & KiruthigaSivaprasath , S Chand
7. Molecular structure and Spectroscopy, G Aruldhas, Prentice Hall of India
Competencies:
C1. Recognize the relative nature of motion.
C2.Categorize frames of reference.
C3. Illustrate Galilean transformation.
C4.Describe Michelson Morley experiment.
C5.Recognize the significance of Michelson Morley experiment
C6. State the postulates of Special Theory of Relativity.
C7. Explain Lorentz transformation and velocity transformations.
C8. Extend the Lorentz transformation to concepts of Length contraction, time
dilation and relativistic Mass.
C9. Summarize the equivalence of mass and energy.
C10. Outline the introductory concepts of general theory of relativity.
C11. Describe Vector Atom model
C12.Illustrate the quantum numbers associated with Vector atom model
C13.Compare the Coupling Schemes- L-S coupling, j-j coupling
C14. State Pauli Exclusion principle
C15. Find the Magnetic dipole moment due to orbital and spin motion of electron
C16. Discuss the Stern and Gerlach Experiment to establish electron spin
C17. Outline the effect of Spin-Orbit coupling.
C18. Describe the spectral terms and notations
C19.State selection rules for emission of spectral lines.
C20. Give the intensity rule and interval rule for spectral lines
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 97
C21. Illustrate the fine structure of sodium D line
C22. Discuss Zeeman Effect
C23. StateLarmors theorem
C24. Give the quantum mechanical explanation of the normal Zeeman Effect,
C25. Explain with theory the Anomalous Zeeman effect
C26. Distinguish between Paschen Back Effect and Stark Effect
C27. Write down the principle of Nuclear magnetic Resonance (NMR)
C28. Write down the Principle of Electron spin resonance (ESR)
C29. Examine the components of electromagnetic spectrum
C30.Describe the Molecular energies -electronic, vibrational and rotational
C31. State the classification of molecules
C32. Examine the Rotational Spectra of diatomic molecules
C33. Illustrate the Diatomic vibrational spectra of molecules
C34. Explain the vibration spectra of molecule in comparison with simple
harmonic oscillator.
C35. Differentiate between Phosphorescence and Fluorescence
C36.Examine Raman Scattering
C37. Illustrate Quantum theory of Raman Scattering
C38. Justify Raman scattering with the classical description.
C39. Describe Raman Spectrometer
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 98
BLUE PRINT
PH6B12TB Relativity and Spectroscopy
Module Hours
54
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Special
Theory of
Relativity
18 2/1 3/2 3/2 1/2 33/35
II
Atomic
Spectroscopy
18
1/2
2/3 2/3 2/1 35/33
III
Molecular
Spectroscopy
18 2/2 3/3 3/3 1/1 33/33
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 99
Semester VI
Choice Based Course
PH6B13aTB Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Credits - 3
Total lecture hours - 72
Aim
Nanoscience is the best example of a truly interdisciplinary research field where
contributions from physics, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, biotechnology
etc design the developmental pattern of this relatively new branch of science.
This in turn nurture many other high tech ventures like optics, photonics,
medicine, computers, automobiles, besides providing luxuries like self cleaning
windows, smart surfaces, cosmetics and so on. In fact there is nearly nothing that
nanoscience has not influenced. To enable them understand the science of small
things, synthesis and analysis techniques and then to probe much more,
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology is the right beginning.
Course Overview
The course summarises the fundamentals and technical approaches in synthesis,
fabrication and processing of nanostructures and nanomaterials so as to provide a
systematic and coherent picture of the field. Also some important nanostructures
and nanodevices are introduced.
Module I
Introduction to nanoscience (5 hrs)
Introduction to nanoscience- Bulk to nano transition- magic numbers- mass
spectroscopy, Size Dependence of Properties- melting point, mechanical, optical,
electrical and magnetic properties at the nanoscale.
Text Books:
1.Nanostructures and Nanomaterials- Synthesis, Properties & Applications,
Guozhong Cao, Imperial College Press, Chapter 8.
2.Introduction to Nanotechnology, C P Poole, Wiley Interscience, Chapter 4
Quantum Confined Structures (11 hrs)
Quantum confined structures-Quantum Wells, Wires, and Dots - Fermi gas model
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 100
- Comparison of density of states and energy dispersion curve in bulk, Quantum
well, Quantum wire and Quantum dots. Equation representing energy of
electrons and holes in the quantum confined structures and the concept of Blue
shift in band gap - properties dependent on density of states - absorption,
emission. Applications – quantum confined structures as lasing media.
Text Books:
1. Nanophotonics, Paras N Prasad, Wiley Interscience, Chapter 4
2. Introduction to nanotechnology, C P Poole, Wiley Interscience,
Chapter 9
Module II
Synthesis techniques (10 hrs)
Top - down methods : a) Lithography - electron beam lithography, two photon
lithography, nanoimprint lithography b) ball milling. Bottom - up methods: a)
Chemical method, b) self organization, c) sol gel method for fabrication of
photonic nanomaterials, d) reverse micelle route. Other important methods: a)
Chemical vapour deposition, b) pulsed laser deposition and c) pulsed laser
ablation, d) RF plasma.
Text Books:
1. Introduction to nanotechnology, C P Poole, Wiley Interscience, Chapter
4, 9
2. Nanophotonics, Paras N Prasad, Wiley Interscience, Chapter 7,9,11
3. Ball milling basic ideas from Preparation of Lithium Niobate
Nanoparticles by High Energy Ball Milling and their Characterization,
Sujan Kar et al., Universal Journal of Materials Science 1(2): 18-24,
2013
4. Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, K.K. Chattopadhyay
and A. N Banerjee, PHI Learning and Pvt. Ltd Chapter 6
Methods of Characterization (11 hrs)
XRD- Determination of crystallographic structure- Particle Size Determination,
RHEED, LEED- Surface Structures, Microscopy for structure and size
determination-Transmission Electron Microscopy- Field Ion Microscopy-
Scanning Electron Microscopy, AFM, STM - STM and FIM as synthesis tools for
nanoparticles, electron microscope for chemical analysis.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 101
Text Books:
1. Introduction to nanotechnology, C P Poole, Wiley Interscience,
Chapter 3
2. Nanophotonics, Paras N Prasad, Wiley Interscience, Chapter 7
Module III
Carbon nanostructures (10 hrs)
Carbon nanostructures: Carbon molecules, Buckminister fullerene, Carbon
nanotube- structure, Properties-Vibrational Properties-Mechanical Properties -
Applications of Carbon Nanotubes -Computers -Fuel Cells -Chemical Sensors-
Catalysis –Mechanical Reinforcement -Field Emission and Shielding.
(elementary ideas).
Text books:
1. Introduction to Nanotechnology, Charles. P. Poole , Jr. and Frank J
Owens, Wiley, 2003 Chapter 5.
2. Nanostructures and Nanomaterials- Synthesis, Properties &
Applications, Guozhong Cao, Imperial College Press, Chapter 6.
Nanocomposites(4 hrs)
Nanocomposites - Introduction, designing, advantages and disadvantages,
Polymer nanocomposites, Metal nanocluster Composite glasses.
Text Book:
1. Nanotechnology-fundamentals and Applications- Manasi Karkare, IK
International- Chapter 8
Photonic crystals (11 hrs)
Photonic crystals:1D, 2D, 3D photonic crystals, comparison of photonic and
electronic crystals(elementary ideas), features- presence of band gap- reflection
and transmission of electromagnetic waves, defect and defect modes- point defect
, line defect and surface defect , Photonic Crystal fiber: (Introduction only)- PCF:
band gap guidance and dielectric guidance – Applications : Photonic crystal
optical circuitry, superprism, point defect, line defect, Types of PCF.
Text Book:
1. Nanophotonics, Paras N Prasad, Wiley Interscience, Chapter 9
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 102
2. Reference - Photonic crystals , Moulding the flow of light – john D
Joannopoulos, Princeton University Press.
Nanomachines and Nanodevices ( 8 hrs)
Micro electromechanical Systems (MEMS) - Nanoelectromechanical Systems
(NEMS)-Nanoelectronics: single electron transistor. Spintronics- GMR, CMR
materials, Multilayer thin films and spin valve transistors.
Text Book:
1. Introduction to Nanotechnology, Charles. P. Poole , Jr. and Frank J
Owens, Wiley, 2003 Chapter 5.
Role of Nanotechnology in improving standard of life (2 hrs)
Nanomedicines, smart surfaces-smart window, self cleaning surfaces, smart
paint, applications in automobile.
Text Book:
1. Nanophotonics, Paras N Prasad, Wiley Interscience, Chapter 14
References :
1. Nanoscience- The Science of the Small in Physics, Engineering, Chemistry,
Biology and Medicine, Hans Eckhardt Schaefer, Springer.
2. Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Chris Binns, Wiley.
3. Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, K. K. Chattopadhyay and
A. N Banerjee, PHI Learning and Pvt. Ltd
Competencies:
C1. Mention the transition from bulk to nano meter dimension.
C2. Understand magic numbers involved in the formation of clusters.
C3. Introduce the mass spectroscopy as tool to analyse the cluster.
C4. Discuss the effect of nano dimension in physical, chemical, optical,
electrical and magnetic properties of the material.
C5. Classify and distinguish the different quantum confined structures with
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 103
the bulk counterparts.
C6. Illustrate dimension and confinement effect on some applications such as
Infrared Detectors and Quantum Dot lasers.
C7. Distinguish Top Down and Bottom Up approach in the synthesis of
nanomaterials.
C8. Recognise and understand the synthesis method required for different
nanomaterials.
C9. Introduce different tools used in characterising nanomaterials.
C10. Examine the different types of carbon nanostructures.
C11. Describe the structure and properties of Carbon Nanotube.
C12. Analyse the different applications of Carbon Nano tube.
C13. Distinguish the properties of Photonic and Electronic Crystals.
C14. Introduce the Photonic Crystal Fibre.
C15. Recognise the importance of Nanocomposite.
C16. Introduce Polymer nanocomposite and metal nanocluster composite glass.
C17. Discuss the viability of MEMS
C18. Explain the role of NEMS in revolutionising the industry.
C19. Analyse the characteristics of a Single Electron Transistor.
C20. Classify different types of Magnetoresistive materials.
C21. Introduce Spin Valve Transistor.
C22. Express current applications of nanotechnology.
C23. Explain and illustrate every concept mentioned in the syllabus.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 104
BLUE PRINT
PH6B13aTB - Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Module Hours
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
6
Marks
15
Total
80
6 / 6 7/ 10 5/8 2/4 80/134
I
Introduction to
nanoscience,
Quantum Confined
Structures
16 1 1 2 1 30
II
Synthesis
techniques
21 2 5 2 1 39
III
Carbon
nanostructures,
Nanocomposites,
Photonic crystals
35 3 4 4 2 65
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 105
Semester VI
Choice Based Course
PH6B13bTB Alternate Energy Sources
Credits -3
Total lecture hours- 72
Aim
To provide the perspectives of energy sources, their availability and demand.
The topics give the basic principles of energy conversions, conservation.
Module 1
Energy Sources (6 hours)
World Energy Reserves ––Various forms of energy - Conventional energy
Sources – Fossil fuels -Coal, Oil and Natural Gas - impact of conventional
energy sources on environment - global warming – climate change – non-
conventional energy sources .
Solar Energy (12 hours)
Physical Principles of the Solar Energy Conversion––- Solar pond –
Applications: Solar Water Heating, Space Cooling, Distillation, Green Houses –
Solar Photovoltaics – Solar Cells – Principles, types and power generation–
Merits and Demerits
Module II
Wind Energy and Biomass Energy (18 hours)
Wind Data and Energy Estimation – Basic Components of a Wind Energy
Conversion System(WECS) – Classification of WECS – Applications - Merits
and Demerits. Biomass Conversion Technologies – Photosynthesis –
Photosynthetic Efficiency - Biogas Generation – Applications - Advantages and
Disadvantages
Module III
Other Sources of Renewable Energy (18 hours)
Geothermal energy – Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) – Tidal Energy
– Micro Hydel Systems – Chemical Energy Sources – Fuel Cells, Hydrogen
Energy - Magneto Hydro Dynamic Power Generation – Basic Principles,
Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 106
Module IV
Energy Consumption and Conservation (18 hours)
Patterns of energy consumption in domestic, industrial, transportation and
agricultural sectors - Principles of Energy Conservation and Energy Audit –
energy crisis and possible solutions - energy options for the developing countries
Text Book
1. G.D. Rai, Non Conventional Energy Sources, 4thEd. Khanna
Publishers, 2007.
2. D.S. Chauhan and S. K. Srivastava, Non-conventional Energy
Resources, New Age Int. Pvt. Ltd., 2004
References
1. B.H. Khan, Non-conventional Energy Resources, 2nd Ed., Tata McGraw
Hill, 2009
2. G.D. Rai, Solar Energy Utilization, Khanna Publishers, Ed. V, 1995.
3. S.P. Sukhatme, Solar energy, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company,
2ndEd., 1997.
4. S. Rao and Dr. B.B. Parulekar, Energy Technology, 2nd Edition, 1997.
5. Godfrey Boyle, Renewable Energy: Power for a sustainable Future,
Oxford Univ. Press, 2nd Ed.,2004.
6. Jyoti K. Parikh, Energy models for 2000 and Beyond, Tata McGraw Hill,
1997.
7. A.K. Wahil, Power Plant technology, Tata McGraw Hill, 1st Ed., 2nd
Reprint, 2010
8. Renewable energy resources - C S Solanki - PHI - 2008
Competencies
C1 Explore World Energy Reserves for Future
C2 List various forms of energy
C3 Examine Conventional energy Sources
C4 Distinguish between the Fossil fuels -Coal, Oil and Natural Gas
C5 Compare the impact of conventional energy sources on environment -
global warming – climate change – non-conventional energy sources
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 107
C6 Enumerate Prospects in the energy sector.
C7 Examine the amount of Solar Radiation at the Earth’s surface
C8 State the Physical Principles of the Solar Energy Conversion
C9 Define Solar pond
C10 Discuss the applications of solar energy: Solar Water Heating, Space
Cooling, Distillation, Green Houses Solar Photovoltaics and Solar Cells
in the context of Principles types and power generation
C11. Examine the Merits and Demerits of the above mentioned applications
C12. Discuss the Wind data and Energy estimated with wind
C13 Discuss the Basic Components of a Wind Energy Conversion System
(WECS)
C14 Classify WECS
C15 Discuss the applications of Wind Energy
C16 Compare the Applications with respect to Merits and Demerits.
C17 Illustrate Biomass Conversion Technologies
C18 Describe Photosynthesis
C19 Define Photosynthetic Efficiency
C20 Discuss the technique of - Biogas Generation
C21 List the Applications of biogas generation
C22 Illustrate Advantages and Disadvantages of biogases
C23 Explain Geothermal energy
C24 Outline the technique of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
C25 Describe Tidal Energy
C26 Define Micro Hydel Systems
C27 Illustrate Chemical Energy Sources Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Energy
C28 Describe the Magneto Hydro Dynamic Power Generation with respect to
Basic Principles, Applications Advantages and Disadvantages
C29 Compare the Patterns of energy consumption in domestic, industrial,
transportation and agricultural sectors
C30 Give the Principles of Energy Conservation and Energy Audit
C31 Examine the energy crisis and possible solutions
C32 List the energy options for the developing countries
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 108
BLUE PRINT
PH6B13bTB Choice Based Course- Alternate Energy Sources
Module Hours
72
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
6
Marks
15
Total
80
6/6 7/10 5/8
2/4 80/134
I
Energy
Sources
Solar Energy
18 2/1 2/3 2 1 33/34
II
Wind Energy
and Biomass
Energy
18
1/2
3/2 2 1 34/33
III
Other
Sources of
Renewable
Energy
18 2/1 2/3 2 1 33/34
IV
Energy
Consumption
and
Conservation
18 1/2 3/2 2 1 34/33
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 109
Semester VI
Choice Based Course
PH6B13cTB Information Technology Credits – 3
Total Lecture hours –72
Aim
The aim of the course is to learn about the fascinating world of information
technology and to use the tools available in Internet and the World Wide Web for
a deep study of the subjects related to physics in better way by the students
themselves.
Course overview and Context
The electronic storage of information, retrieval and transmission has become an
important feature of this century and all of the students must be introduced to the
techniques of the same. Web page designing with HTML, Networking, Network
security alogorithms and Basics of DBMS are discussed
Module I (26 hrs)
Information And Its Use : Information Technology – Quality of
information – Message transmission – Electronic Office – E mail –
Document storage – Computers in Industry – Different types – Graphical
user interface
Text Books: Information Technology – The Breaking Wave”, D. Curtin, K.
Sen and K .Morin, Tata McGraw Hill, 1999. Chapter – 1, 2
Computer Networks: Importance of Networks. Components of Networks.
Classification ofNetworks: Broad cast networks-Switched networks. Switching
Techniques. Types of Networks – LAN – MAN – WAN. Networking Models –
OSI reference model – TCP/IP reference model-Comparison between the OSI
and TCP/IP models. Network Topology – Bus-Star-Ring-Tree-Mesh-Cellular.
Network Architecture – Client/Server, Peer-to-Peer
Text Books:
1. Computer Networks – A.S. Tanenbaum - Prentice Hall of India,
Chapter – 1
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 110
2. Computer Fundamentals – P.K. Sinha 3rd Edn. BPB Publications,
Chapter – 17
THE INTERNET: Internet Protocols – Internet Protocol (IP)-Transmission
Control Protocol(TCP) -Internet Address – Structure of Internet Servers
Address-Address Space-Internet Infrastructure -Services on Internet – Domain
Name System-SMTP and Electronic mail – Http and World Wide Web-Usenet
and News groups-FTP-Telnet-Network Security – Ideas of secret key Algorithms
and Public key Algorithms-Digital Signature-E-mail Privacy-Internet Tools –
Search Engines-Web browsers- Internet explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla
Firefox(Working Knowledge)
Text Books:
1. Computer Networks – A.S. Tanenbaum – PHI, Chapter – 5,6,7
2. Computer Fundamentals – P.K. Sinha 3rd Edn. BPB Publications,
Chapter – 18
Module – II (26 hrs)
THE HTML: What is HTML? Basic Tags of HTML – HTML-TITLE-BODY
- Starting an HTML document – The <!DOCTYPE>declaration-setting
boundaries with <HTML>-the HEAD element-the BODY element-the STYLE
element and the SCRIPT element. -Formatting of text– Headers-Formatting
Tags-PRE tag-FONT tag-Special Characters. Working with Images-META tag
-Links – Anchor Tag -Lists – Unordered Lists-Ordered Lists-Definition Lists -
Tables – TABLE, TR and TD Tags-Cell Spacing and Cell Padding-Colspan and
Rowspan -Frames – Frameset-FRAME Tag-NOFRAMES Tag - Forms –
FORM and INPUT Tag-Text Box-Radio Button-Checkbox-SELECT Tag and
Pull Down Lists-Hidden-Submit and Reset -Some Special Tags–COLGROUP-
THREAD,TBODY-TFOOT-_blank-_self,_parent-_top-IRFRAME-LABEL-
Attribute for <SELECT>- TEXTAREA
Text Books: HTML4 – 2nd Edn. Rick Darnell, Techmedia, Chapter – 1,
2,3,4,5
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 111
Module III (20 hrs)
Basic Idea of DBMS: Need for Data Base – Database Systems versus File
systems - View of Data - Data Abstraction-Instances and Schemas - Data
Models – ER Model-Relational Model-Network Model-Hierarchical Model
(general ideas) -Basic ideas about Structured Query Language
Text Books: Fundaments of Database System – Elmasri, Ramez and Navathe
Shamkant B. 4th Edn. Person Education, India, 2004. Chapter – 1
MS – OFFICE/OPEN OFFICE (Working Knowledge): Word processors –
PowerPoint -Spreadsheets – Databases
(No specific text book is preferred. MS office (97, 98, 2000, /Open Office which
is installed in the lab can be used. Working practice must be given)
Reference
1. “Information Technology – The Breaking Wave”, D.Curtin, K.Sen
and K.Morin, Tata McGraw Hill, 1999.
2. Computer Networks – A.S. Tanenbaum - Prentice Hall of India
3. Computer Fundamentals – P.K. Sinha 3rd Edn. BPB Publications
4. Internet and World Wide Web – Deitel
5. HTML4 – 2nd Edn. Rick Darnell, Techmedia
6. Database System Concepts – Silberschatz –Korth -Sudarshan
4th Edn – Tata Mac Graw Hill
7. “Information Technology and systems”, Green, B.C., Longman
Scientific & Technical Publishers, England, 1994.
8. Networks – Tirothy S. Ramteke – 2nd Edn. Pearson Edn – New Delhi,
2004
9. Data and Computer Communucation, William Stalling, PHI, New Delhi.
10. Mastering HTML4 – Ray D.S. and Ray E.J. – BPB
11. HTML – The Complete Reference – Tata Mc Graw Hill
12. Fundaments of Database System – Elmasri, Ramez and Navathe
Shamkant B. 4th Edn.v Pearson Education, India, 2004.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 112
Competencies
C1 Describe the message transmission techniques in the context of email. C2 Enumerate and compare different types of computers. C3 Find the features of Graphical User Interface C4 Distinguish between different types of networks LAN, MAN and WAN C5 Compare of performance of OSI model and TCP/IP models.
C6 Analyze different types of network topology – Bus, Star, Ring, Tree,
Mesh, and Cellular
C7 Examine Different Network Architectures Client/Server and Peer-to-Peer
C8 Elaborate on the Internet Protocols the Internet Protocol (IP) and
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) C9 Find the Structure of Internet Servers
C10 Illustrate Domain Name System.
C11 Describe SMTP and Electronic mail
C12 Relate Http and World Wide Web
C13 Examine Usenet and News groups and the file transfer protocol,
FTP
C14 Discuss the ideas of secret key Algorithms and Public key
Algorithms-Digital Signature-E-mail Privacy
C15 Elaborate the working of Search Engines, and Web browsers incase
of Internet explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox
C16 Find the Basic Tags of HTML for HTML TITLE and BODY ,
HEAD, STYLE, SCRIPT
C17 Discuss the formatting tags of HTML tags PRE tag, FONT tag and
Special Characters.
C18 Discus working with Images, -META tag ,Links , Anchor Tag
,Lists , Unordered Lists-Ordered Lists
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 113
C19 Examine HTML tags for Tables TR and TD Tags, Cell Spacing
and Cell Padding, Colspan and Rowspan
C20 Illustrate HTML tags for Frames – Frameset, FRAME Tag,
NOFRAMES Tag
C21 Describe the tags for forms in HTML ,FORM and INPUT Tag,
Text Box, Radio Button, Checkbox, SELECT Tag and Pull Down
List, Hidden, Submit and Reset, COLGROUP-
THREAD,TBODY,TFOOT, blank, self, parent, top, IRFRAME
LABEL and Attribute for SELECT and TEXTAREA
C22 Give the Basic Idea of DBMS with respect to Need for Data Base
C23 Compare Database Systems versus File systems
C24 Describe View of Data , Data Abstraction-Instances and Schemas
C25 Examine and compare the general ideas of Data Models, ER
Model, Relational Model and Network Model and Hierarchical
Model
C26 Outline basic ideas of Structured Query Language
C27 Describe of MS offices with respect to word, power point, spread
sheet and data bases.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 114
BLUE PRINT
PH6B13cTB – Information Technology
Module Hours
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
6
Marks
15
Total
80
6 / 6 7/ 10 5/8 2/4 80/134
I
Information and
its use, Computer
Networks &
Internet
26 2 3 2 2 50
II
HTML 26 2 4 4 1 49
III
DBMS & MS
Office
20 2 3 2 1 35
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 115
Semester VI
Choice Based Course
PH6B13dTB Astronomy and Astrophysics
Credits –3
No. of contact hours – 72
Aim
A good introduction to the basics of astronomy and astrophysics will be given in
the course. It is expected that some of the students will opt for this specialization
for their post graduation.
Course Overview and Context
The course introduces the students to how to observe and identify celestial
objects by giving an idea about the celestial co-ordinate system and tools
employed in observational astronomy. The stellar structure and its evolution is
discussed in the following module. The course also provides light into different
types of galaxies and cosmology.
Module I
Introduction to observational astronomy (24 hours)
Celestial sphere. Constellations and nomenclature of stars. The cardinal points
and circles on the celestial sphere. Equatorial. ecliptic and galactic system of co-
ordinates. Aspects of sky from different places on the earth. Sidereal, Apparent
and Mean solar time and their relations. Equation of time. Ephemeris and
Atomic Times. Calendar. Julian date and heliocentric correction. Introduction to
telescopes. Amateur Refracting telescopes and their design. Newtonian
reflectors, Cassegrain telescopes. Telescope mounts - equatorial and alt-azimuth,
telescope drives. Distances of stars from parallaxes. Stellar motions. Magnitude
scale and magnitude systems. Black-body approximation to the continuous
radiation and temperatures of stars. Variable stars as distance indicators
Text Books:
1. World Book Encyclopedia of Science, Volume. 1
2. Textbook of Astronomy and Astrophysics with Elements of
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 116
Cosmology, V. B. Bhatia, Narosa Publishing House.
3. Exploring the Night Sky with Binoculars, Patrick Moore,
Cambridge University Press.
Module II
Stars (24 hours)
Sun –internal structure and atmosphere- photosphere- sunspots - chromospheres
– corona –solar flares –prominences. Stellar structure - hydrostatic equilibrium-
structure equations - energy sources - energy transport. Types of stars –
classification and HR diagram.
Formation - Interstellar dust and gas – Jeans’ mass - formation of protostars –
evolution of planetary systems with special reference to Sun -Pre-main
sequence evolution; nuclear fusion. P-P chain and CNO cycle. Energy
production in massive stars. Evolution on the main sequence - Late stages of
evolution. Fate of massive stars, supernovae - White dwarfs - Chandrasekhar
limit - Neutron stars – Pulsars – Black holes
Text Books:
1. Astrophysics: Stars and galaxies, K. D. Abhyankar, Tata McGraw Hill
2. The Physics of Stars, A.C. Philips, Wiley
Module III
Galaxies and the expanding Universe (24 hours)
Galaxies-their morphology and classification. Cepheid variables and distance
measurements. Origin and evolution of Galaxies. Large scale structure of the
universe – isotropy and homogeneity. Expanding universe – Doppler effect –
red shift – distance scale –Hubble law. Standard Big bang theory , cosmic
microwave background and its discovery ; early universe – nucleo synthesis in
early universe – inflationary model of the universe – age of the universe and
its determination.
Text Books:
1. Introduction to Cosmology, J. V. Narlikar, Cambridge University Press.
Particle Astrophysics, Donald Perkins, Oxford
2. Astrophysics: Stars and galaxies, K. D. Abhyankar, Tata McGraw Hill
References: 1. Baidyanath basu, An Introduction to Astrophysics. PHI
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 117
Reference
1. James B. Seaborn, Understanding the Universe, Springer.
2. The Physical Universe – An Introduction to Astronomy – Frank H. Shu-
University Science Books.
3. The First Three Minutes. Steven Weinberg
Competencies
C1. Describe the co ordinate system used in astronomy.
C2. Define the different terms denoting time and their relations.
C3. Distinguish between refracting and reflecting telescopes with examples.
C4. Understand the different types of telescope mounts.
C5. Explain magnitude systems.
C6. Describe the stellar structure of sun.
C7. Understand the energy generation and stability in stars
C8. Describe HR diagram and its various components
C9. Classify different types of galaxies.
C10. Understand the concept of expanding universe.
C11. Describe the importance of cosmic microwave background.
C12. Discuss the determination of age of the universe.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 118
BLUE PRINT
PH6B13dTB – Astronomy and Astrophysics
Module Hours
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
6
Marks
15
Total
80
6 / 6 7/ 10 5/8 2/4 80/134
I
Introduction to
Observational
Astronomy
24 2 1 2 2 46
II
Stars 24 2 4 3 1 43
III
Galaxies &
Expanding
Universe
24 2 5 3 1 45
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 119
Semester VI
PH6B13eTB Choice Based Course - Optoelectronics Credits – 3
Total Lecture hours – 72
Aim: This century is going to be the century of Optoelectronics or Photonics –
the light wave technology. Today we have optical technologies replacing
electronic memories, amplifiers etc. These enable high speed computing. Hence
no Physics student can avoid this latest field of science and technology.
Course overview and Context:
Optical communication techniques are very relevant in the context of higher
band width and less distortion. The course describes different types of sources
employed for optical communication and the bounded media the optical fibre.
Module I
Optoelectronic Fundamentals
Introduction to Photonics (10 hrs)
Optical radiation and light- Luminescence and Radiation-Radiation source
parameters– Receiver parameters (1.1.1, 1.1.2,1.1.4 &1.1.5 of Ref.1)-
Photometric and Radiometric terms and units- Inverse square law – verification
by photometer-comparison of efficiency of light sources available in the market
and recommended values of illumination for various activities (General
awareness) (Ch.6 of Ref.2).
Introduction to Photonics – electrons Vs photons – Electronics Vs Optics
Photonics (1.1 to 1.3 of Ref.3)- Photonics and light technology and
applications-introduction (1.2 to 1.5 of Ref.4)
Properties of Photons (2.1 of Ref.4)- Gausian beams – beam characteristics and
parameters (2.4 of Ref.4) - Light Characteristics – Power, energy, peak power,
beam radius, intensity, divergence, beam quality, brightness, brilliance, radiation
pressure, optical levitation (2.7 of Ref.4)
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 120
Optical process in semiconductors (12 hrs)
Electron hole pair formation and recombination. Radiative and non radiative
recombination. Absorption in semiconductors – indirect transitions, exciton
absorption, donor- acceptor band impurity band absorption. Long wavelength
absorption. Franz Keldysh and Stark effect. Radiation in semiconductors. Stokes
shift in optical transitions. Deep level transitions, Auger recombination. (Ch.3 of
Ref.5)
Module II
Optical Devices
Radiation sources (9hrs)
LED –Principle –characteristics (V-I & light – current)–materials-
efficiencies- LED structures- hetero junction and edge emitting LED-.
Applications &advantages.
Semiconductor lasers – Homo junction and hetero junction and Quantum well
lasers – Principle -Optical and carrier confinement
Photodetectors (9hrs)
Introduction- Classification of detectors- Qualitative idea of each type- Photo
detector parameters – Noise mechanisms (Ch.4 of Ref.1, Ch.5.3 of Ref.3)–
Principle and operation of Photodiode, APD, Phototransistor, PIN photodiode-
opto isolators
Solar cells (6 hrs)
Principle-. V-I characteristics- Fill factor – conversion efficiency (Qualitative
study)-Hetero junction solar cells. (Ch.10 of Ref.5, Ch.6 of Ref.1)
Module III
Optical Communication
Introduction (5hrs)
Introduction to Optical communication- Historical perspective- Advantages and
disadvantages of optical communication links in comparison with radio and
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 121
microwave system and with guided systems- measurement of information and
the capacity of telecommunication channel- Communication system
architecture- basic optical communication system – Definition of attenuation,
pulse duration and band width. Ch. 1 of Ref.9)
Optical Modulation. (12hrs)
Direct modulation of LED and diode laser. Digital and analog modulation of
LED and diode laser. External modulation. Birefringence, Pockel effect , phase
modulation. Wave guide modulators . Electro-optic , Magneto- optic and
acousto- optic modulators. Bipolar controller modulator. (Ref.1,7,10)
Fibre optic communication (9hrs)
Introduction to Optical fibres and fibre optic communication (Ch.1 of Ref.11
and Ch.1.1 to1.3 of Ref.13)- Types of optical fibres- Numerical aperture-
Fibre bundles, cables- strength-fibre optical properties- Fibre materials –
Classification of fibres – Step index and graded index- mono mode and multi
mode fibres –plastic fibres-latest developed fibres (Ch.2,3 of Ref.11)- Fibre
loses.
References:
1. Optoelectronic Engineering S.N. Biswass, Dhanpat Rai Publications
2. A Text book of Optics- Brijlal, Subramoniam, S Chand & Co
3. Photonics Elements and Devices, V. V. Rampal , Wheeler Publishing Co
4. Photonics, Ralf Menzel, Springer
5. Semiconductor optoelectronic devices – Pallab Bhattacharya PHI
6. Optoelectronics, Wilson and Hawkes
7. Optoelectronics, Jasprit Singh
8. Semiconductor Physics and Devices – Donald A Neamen, Tata McGraw-
Hill
9. Optical communication system- John Gowar , Prentice Hall of India
10. Optical Electronics – Ajoy Ghatak and K Thyagarajan Cambridge
11. Optical fibres and fibre optic communication systems, Subir Kumar
Sarkar, S.Chand & Co
12. Semiconductor Physics and Optoelectronis, V. Rajendran et al,
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 122
Vikas Publishing House
13. Fibre Optic Communication, D.C.Agarwal, Wheeler Publishing
14. Physics of Semiconductor devices, Dilip K Roy, University Press.
15. Physics of Semiconductor devices, S M Sze, Wiley Eastern Limited
Competencies:
C1 Define optical radiation and Luminescence
C2 Illustrate Radiation source parameters, Receiver parameters
C3 Examine Photometric and Radiometric terms and units
C4 Give Inverse square law and demonstrate verification by photometer
C5 Compare efficiency of light sources available in the market
C6 Enumerate recommended values of illumination for various activities.
C7 Illustrate applications of photonics in light technology.
C8 Describe Gausian beams with respect to beam characteristics and
parameters
C9 Examine Light Characteristics – Power, energy, peak power, beam radius,
intensity, divergence, beam quality, brightness, brilliance, radiation
pressure, and optical levitation.
C10. Outline the technique of Electron hole pair formation and recombination.
Also discuss radiative and non radiative recombination.
C11 Discuss absorption in semiconductors.
C12 Illustrate indirect transitions, exciton absorption, donor- acceptor band
impurity band absorption and Long wavelength absorption.
C13 Describe Franz Keldysh and Stark effect.
C14 Examine Radiation in semiconductors and Stokes shift in optical
transitions. Also Characterise Deep level transitions and Auger
recombination.
C15 Enumerate and characterize radiation sources.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 123
C16 Describe LED with respect to principle and characteristics, Structure, hetero
junction and edge emitting, Applications &advantages.
C17 Discuss semiconductor lasers in the context of Homo junction and hetero
Junction.
C18 Illustrate Quantum well lasers and Optical and carrier confinement.
C19 Outline the principle of photo detectors
C20 Classify photodetectors and give Qualitative idea of each type and examine
Photo detector parameters and Noise mechanisms.
C21 Give the Principle and operation of Photodiode, APD, Phototransistor, PIN
photodiodes and opto isolators
C22 Give the principle of Solar cells , illustrate the corresponding V-I
characteristics, Fill factor, conversion efficiency and examine Hetero
junction solar cells.
C23 Outline Advantages and disadvantages of optical communication links in
comparison with radio and microwave system and with guided systems
C24 Describe the method of measurement of information and the capacity of
telecommunication channel
C25 Give the Communication system architecture and basic optical
communication system
C26 Define attenuation, pulse duration and band width.
C27 illustrate Direct modulation of LED and diode laser.
C28 Examine Digital and analog modulation of LED and diode laser.
C29 Outline the principles of External modulation and Birefringence, Pockel
effect, phase modulation.
C30 Elaborate on Wave guide modulators . Electro-optic , Magneto- optic and
acousto- optic modulators and describe Bipolar controller modulator.
C31 Outline the techniques of Fibre optic communication with respect to types
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 124
of optical fibres- Numerical aperture- Fibre bundles, cables- strength
C32 Classify fibres as Step index and graded index, mono mode and multi mode
Fibres.
C33 Examine plastic fibres and examine latest developed fibres.
BLUE PRINT
PH6B13eTB – Optoelectronics
Module Hours
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
6
Marks
15
Total
80
6 / 6 7/ 10 5/8 2/4 80/134
I
Optoelectronic
Fudementals
22 2 4 3 1 43
II
Optical Devices 24 2 5 3 1 45
III
Optical
Communication
26 2 1 2 2 46
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 125
SYLLABUS FOR PRACTICAL
CORE COURSE
PH2B01PB Practical (1st Year)
Credit - 2
No. of hours: 72
1. Vernier Calipers - Volume of a cylinder, sphere an d a hollow cylinder
2. Screw gauge - Volume of a sphere and a glass plate
3. Spherometer - Thickness of a glass plate, radius of curvature of a convex
surface and a concave surface
4. Beam balance - Mass of a solid (sensibility method)
5. Travelling microscope - Radius of a capillary tube
6. Multimeter -Measurement of resistance , potential difference, current
7. Multimeter -Checking of capacitor, diode ,inductance and transistor
8. Identification of electronic components- Coil, capacitor, resistor, transistor,
triac, diac, I C’s 741, 555 etc.
9. Viscosity of a liquid -Variable pressure head
10. Spectrometer - Angle of prism
11. Cantilever- pin & microscope –Determination of Young’s modulus
12. Carey Foster’s Bridge-Measurement of resistivity
13. Symmetric Compound Pendulum-Determination of radius of gyration(K)
and Acceleration due to gravity (g)
14. Surface tension - Capillary rise method
15. Half wave rectifier with and without filter-ripple factor and load regulation
16. Conversion of Galvanometer into voltmeter
17. Viscosity-constant pressure head- coefficient of viscosity (η) of the liquid
18. Spectrometer- Refractive Index of material of Prism
19. Field along the axis of a coil-Variation of magnetic field along the axis of a
circular coil
20. Electro chemical equivalent of copper.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 126
PH4B02PB Practical (2nd Year)
Credit: 2
No. of hours : 72
1. Cantilever – Young’s modulus of material of bar.
2. Non Uniform Bending - Young’s modulus of material of bar.
3. The Torsion Pendulum – Rigidity modulus of material of wire.
4. Asymmetric Compound Pendulum – Acceleration due to
gravity, radius of gyration & moment of inertia.
5. Spectrometer – Refractive index of liquid.
6. Spectrometer – i-d curve
7. Lee’s Disc – Thermal Conductivity.
8. Potentiometer – Resistivity of the given wire.
9. Potentiometer – Calibration of low range voltmeter.
10. Carey Foster’s Bridge – Temperature coefficient of
Resistance.
11. Searle’s Vibration Magnetometer – Moment of magnet.
12. Diode Characteristics – Knee voltage, dynamic & static
resistances.
13. Diode Full Wave Rectifier.- Ripple factor & load regulation.
14. Bridge Rectifier – Ripple factor & load regulation.
15. Diode Clamper.
16. Gates – AND, OR & NOT – Truth table verification.
17. Transistor Characteristics – Common base configuration.
18. Transistor Characteristics – Common emitter configuration.
19. Uni Junction Transistor - Characteristics.
20. Sweep Generators – ON & OFF state.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 127
PH6B03PB Practical I (3rd Year)
Credit - 2
No. of hours -72
1. Fly Wheel – Moment of Inertia
2. Uniform bending – Young’s Modulus-Optic lever method.
3. Static torsion- Rigidity modulus
4. Viscosity- Stoke’s method
5. Viscosity- Searle’s rotation viscometer method
6. Thermal conductivity of rubber
7. Melde’s String – Measurement frequency
8. Sonometer – Verification of laws, Measurement of density of solid.
9. A.C Sonometer- Frequency of a.c.
10. Liquid Lens- Refractive index of Liquid
11. Young’s Modulus –Koenig’s method
12. Torsion pendulum- n and I - using two identical masses
13. Spectrometer- Small angled prism-Refractive index of material of prism
(Supplementary angle method)
14. Field along the axis of circular coil-Moment of magnet (null method)
15. Kater’s pendulum-g
16. Kundt’s tube- Velocity of sound
17. Specific heat of liquid –Newton’s law of cooling
18. Computer programming – Simple Pendulum –Calculation of ‘g’ from
experimental data.
19. Computer programming – Solving differential equation – Rungekutta
method – II order.
20. Computer programming – Multiplication of any two matrices- (m x n)
and (n x q)
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 128
PH6B04PB Practical II (3rd Year )
Credit - 2
No. of hours -72
1. Spectrometer–Grating-wavelength
2. Spectrometer-prism-Dispersive power
3. Liquid lens-Optical constants of a convex lens
4. Air wedge-Diameter of wire
5. Potentiometer-Calibration of low range ammeter
6. Potentiometer-Calibration of high range voltmeter.
7. Conversion of Galvanometer in to ammeter
8. LCR circuit analysis-Series, parallel and Q-factor
9. Mirror Galvanometer-Figure of merit
10. B.G-charge sensitivity–Standard capacitor method
11. Universal gates IC–NAND,NOR-Realize basic gates from universal gates.
12. B.G.–Measurement of high resistance by leakage method
13. BCDto7segmentdecoder(IC)
14. Astable multivibrator –using transistor
15. Monostable multivibrator- using transistor
16. Monostablemultivibrator–IC555
17. 8085Microprocessor–sortinginascendinganddescendingorder.
18. Computer programming–Conversion of temperature scale
19. Computer programming–sorting the numbers in ascending and
Descending order C++
20. Computer programming–Solving a quadratic equation
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 129
PH6B05PB Practical III (3rd Year )
Credit - 2
No. of hours -72
1. Characteristics of Zener diode
2. Voltage regulation using Zener diode
3. Voltage multiplier-Doubler and Tripler.
4. Characteristics of FET
5. RegulatedpowersupplyusingIC741
6. Wave shaping RC circuits-Integrator and differentiator
7. Diode clipper-Positive, Negative and Biased
8. Hartley Oscillator–frequency
9. Colpitt’s oscillator–frequency
10. Phase shift oscillator-frequency
11. Thermistor– Temperature coefficient of resistance
12. Regulated power supply–Transistor and Zener diode
13. Regulatedpowersupply-UsingIC’s-LM7805,7905,7809,7909,7812,7912
14. Construction and measurement of a dual Regulated power supply with
filter.
15. Op-Amp-Adder and Subtractor
16. R.C. Coupled amplifier-Gain
17. Amplitude modulation
18. Pulse width modulation
19. Ringcounterusing74194and74151
20. Astablemultivibrator–IC555
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 130
PH6B06PB Practical IV (3rd Year )
Credit - 2
No. of hours -72
1. Spectrometer- Grating – Dispersive power
2. Spectrometer–Cauchy’s constants
3. Newton’s rings-Determination of wavelength.
4. Laser-Determination of wavelength
5. Ultrasonic-Determination of velocity of ultrasonic waves
6. Single slit– Diffraction using Laser
7. Verification of Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorem
8. Deflection and Vibration Magnetometer-m &Bh
9. e/m–Thomson’s apparatus-Bar magnet/magnetic focusing
10. B.G-Measurement of capacitance
11. D/A Converter using IC
12. 4bitShiftregister
13. Flip-Flop–R.S
14. J.K Flip-Flop
15. Schmitttriggerusing7414
16. Op-Amp–Inverter, noninverter and buffer.
17. 8085Microprocessor-BCDadditionandsubtraction
18. 8085Microprocessor–multiplicationoftwoeightbitnumberswithresult16 bit.
19. Computer programming–Solving a linear equation-Bisection method.
20. Computer programming–Solving an equation by Newton–Raphson
method
21. Computer programming-Generation of Fibonacci series
References:
1. Properties of Matter-D.S. Mathur
2. Optics-Subramanyan & Brijlal
3. Electricity &Magnetism-Sreevastava
4. Electronics Lab Manual(Vol.1)-K.A. Navas
5. Laboratory manual for electronic devices and circuits-David A Bell
6. Electronic Laboratory Primer-A design approach-S Poorna Chandra and B
Sasikala.
7. A text book of practical Physics_ Indu Prakash and Ramakrishnan.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 131
SYLLABUS FOR COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS FOR MATHEMATICS
Semester I
PH1CM1TB Properties of Matter, Mechanics and Fourier Analysis
Credits: 2
Total lecture hours: 36hrs
Aim
The syllabus will cater to the basic requirements for his/her higher studies. It
helps to understand the physical phenomena of elasticity, moment of inertia and
wave motion. It inculcates an appreciation of the physical world.
Module I
Elasticity (12 hrs)
Hooke’s law - elastic limit - elastic behavior of solids in general - different types
of elasticity - work done per unit volume - Poisson’s ratio - limiting values of
Poisson’s ratio - Relation between volume strain and linear strain.
Twisting couple on a cylinder - angle of twist and angle of shear - torsional
rigidity –variation of stress in a twisted cylinder-strain energy in a twisted
cylinder.
Bending of beams - bending moment - expression for bending moment -
cantilever and its depression at its loaded end (weight of the cantilever ineffective
,theory only) - depression of supported beam (Centrally loaded and the weight of
the beam is ineffective, theory only) – I section girders.
Text Book :Mechanics - D. S. Mathur- Revised by P. S. Hemne, S. Chand &
Co., Chapters 13 & 14.
Module II
Dynamics of rigid bodies (10 hrs)
Rigid body - translational and rotational motion - torque - angular momentum -
angular impulse - moment of inertia – radius of gyration - general theorems on
moment of inertia - parallel and perpendicular axes theorems for a plane laminar
body - particular cases of moment of inertia - uniform rod, rectangular lamina,
thin circular ring, circular disc, annular ring, solid cylinder, hollow cylinder,
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 132
spherical shell, sphere and hollow sphere - moment of inertia of a fly wheel –
experimental determination.
Text Book : Mechanics - D. S. Mathur- Revised by P. S. Hemne- S. Chand &
Co., Chapter 11.
Module III
Simple Harmonic Motion (9 hrs)
Periodic and harmonic motion - simple harmonic motion - differential equation
of S.H.M - phase relationship between displacement - velocity and acceleration
of simple harmonic oscillator - energy of a harmonic oscillator - average values
of kinetic and potential energies of a harmonic oscillator - damping ( frictional
effects) - damped harmonic oscillator (over damped, under damped and critically
damped cases) - logarithmic decrement - power dissipation- quality factor -
driven harmonic oscillator - sharpness of resonance - phase of the driven
harmonic oscillator - velocity amplitude.
Text Book: Mechanics - D. S. Mathur- Revised by P. S. Hemne- S. Chand &
Co., Chapters 7 & 8.
Fourier analysis (5 hrs)
Fourier’s theorem- Dirichlet’s conditions- Fourier analysis – evaluation of
Fourier coefficients for periodic functions with periodicity in space, time and
phase ,- odd and even functions –- application as analysis of waves – square
wave, saw tooth wave and triangular wave only.
Text Book: A text book on Waves and Acoustics, Pradip Kumar Chakrabarti,
Satyabrata Chowdhury ,New Central Book Agency (P)Ltd, Chapter 6
Reference:
1. Mechanics- H.S. Hans and S. P.Puri, Tata McGraw-Hill
2. Properties of Matter Brijlal and Subrahmanyam S. Chand & Co.,
3. Mechanics- J.C. Upadhyaya, Ram Prasad and sons
4. Mathematical methods for Physicists-– G. B. Arfken and H.J. Weber,
Academic press
Competencies:
C1. Define Hooke’s law
C2. Describe elastic behavior of a solid
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 133
C3. Understand different types of elasticity
C4. Compute the work done per unit volume under stress
C5. Define Poisson’s ratio
C6. Describe bending of beams
C7. Define torsional rigidity
C8. Understand torsional couple
C9. Relate adiabatic and isothermal elasticities
C10. Calculate the depression for a cantilever loaded at the free end
C11. Estimate the depression for a beam centrally loaded
C12. Define Simple Harmonic Motion with examples
C13. Set up differential equation of Simple Harmonic Motion
C14. Describe velocity and acceleration of harmonic oscillator
C15. Recognize the phase relationship between displacement, velocity and
acceleration of harmonic oscillator
C16. Explain the Potential, Kinetic and total energies of harmonic oscillator
C17. Draw the variations of Potential, Kinetic and total energies with
amplitude.
C18. Classify different types of harmonic oscillator.
C19. Set up and solve the differential equation of damped harmonic oscillator
C20. Illustrate overdamped, underdamped and critically damped cases
C21. Set up and solve the differential equation of forced harmonic oscillator.
C22. Describe amplitude and velocity resonance.
C23. Describe sharpness of resonance.
C24. Define rigid body
C25. Focus and distinguish between translational and rotational motions.
C26. Describe torque.
C27. Describe angular momentum.
C28. Describe angular impulse.
C29. Describe moment of inertia.
C30. Describe radius of gyration.
C31. Determine the relationship between torque and angular momentum.
C32. Determine the relationship between torque and moment of inertia.
C33. Determine the relationship between torque and angular acceleration.
C34. State and prove parallel and perpendicular axes theorems
C35. Determine the moment of inertia of following shapes, (i)Uniform Rod (ii)
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 134
Rectangular lamina (iii) thin circular ring (iv) circular disc (v) annular
ring (vi) solid cylinder (vii) hollow cylinder (viii)Spherical shell, sphere
and hollow sphere.
C36. Describe flywheel.
C37. Design an experiment to determine moment of inertia of flywheel.
C38. State Fourier’s theorem & Dirichlet’s conditions
C39. Discuss evaluation of Fourier coefficients for periodic functions with
periodicity in space, time and phase
C40. Differentiate odd and even functions
C41. Implement the Fourier theorem to the analysis of square wave, saw tooth
wave and triangular wave
BLUE PRINT
PH1CM1TB Properties of Matter, Mechanics and Fourier Analysis
Module Hours Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Elasticity
12 1/2/2 2/3/3 2/3/3 2/1/1 35/33/33
II
Rigid body
10 2/1/2 3/2/3 3/2/3 1/2/1 33/35/33
III
Simple
Harmonic
Motion
Fourier
Analysis
14 2/2/1 3/3/2 3/3/2 1/1/2 33/33/35
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 135
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
PH1CM1TB Properties of Matter, Mechanics and Fourier Analysis
Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 60Marks
Part A
Very Short Answer Questions.
Answer all questions briefly. Each question carries 1 mark.
1. What are plastic bodies?
2. What is meant by flexural rigidity of a beam? Write the expression for
flexural rigidity
3. Define Torque and give its relation to moment of inertia.
4. Draw the displacement – time graph of a harmonic oscillator.
5. What is Fourier theorem?
(1 x 5 = 5)
Part B
Short Answer Questions.
Answer any Five questions. Each question carries 2 marks.
6. What are I section girders?
7. Why hollow cylinders are preferred over solid ones in shafts?
8. What is meant by elastic fatigue?
9. Find the moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod about an axis passing
through the centre and perpendicular to its length.
10. State and prove the theorem of parallel axes for moment of inertia.
11. Explain the term logarithmic decrement of a damped harmonic
oscillator.
12. Show that total energy of a harmonic oscillator depends on its
amplitude and frequency.
13. Explain odd and even functions with two examples each.
(5 x 2 = 10)
Part C Problems / Derivations
Answer any Five questions. Each question carries 5 marks.
14. Two identical wires of steel and copper are stretched by the same
weight in turn. Calculate the ratio of the extensions produced in the
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 136
wire. Y for steel and Cu are
2 x1011 and 1.2 x1011 N/m2 respectively.
15. A cantilever shows a depression of 1cm at the loaded end. What is the
depression at its midpoint?
16. A rod of width 2.5 cm and thickness 2 mm is supported symmetrically
on two knife edges 1 m apart. When loaded with weight 200 g at each
end which are projected 10 cm from the respective knife edges, the
centre is elevated by 4 mm. What is the young’s modulus of the
material?
17. Calculate the moment of inertia of the earth, assuming it to be a
uniform sphere of radius 6400km and mass 6 x1024 kg.
18. A wheel of mass 5 kg and radius of gyration 40 cm is rotating at 210
rpm. Find the moment of inertia and kinetic energy in MKS unit.
19. The amplitude of a damped harmonic oscillator is reduced to half its
undamped value in 200 seconds. If ω0 =π radians /s , what is the
relaxation time and quality factor?
20. If the displacement of a moving particle is given by x= 4 cosωt + 3
sinωt, show that the motion is simple harmonic. Find its amplitude.
21. Discuss the Fourier analysis of saw-tooth wave form.
(5 x 5 = 25)
Part D
Long Answer / Problem Questions.
Answer any Two questions. Each question carries 10 marks.
22. What is meant by torsional couple. Derive an expression for the couple
per unit twist of a cylindrical rod.
23. Deduce the fundamental equation of motion of a rigid body about a
fixed axis .
24. Distinguish between damped harmonic oscillations and driven
harmonic oscillations. Arrive at differential equations of a driven
harmonic oscillator and discuss amplitude resonance.
25. Define moment of inertia. Describe how you would determine
experimentally the moment of inertia of a flywheel about its usual axis
of rotation. Discuss briefly the part played by a flywheel in a machine
(2 x 10 = 20)
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 137
Semester II
PH2CM2TB Magnetic Phenomena, Thermodynamics and
Special Theory of Relativity
Credits: 2
Total lecture hours: 36hrs
Aim
The syllabus will cater to the basic requirements for his/her higher studies. It
helps to understand the physical phenomena of thermodynamics, magnetism and
electricity. It inculcates an appreciation of the physical world.
Module I
Magnetic Properties of Materials (8 hrs)
Magnetic induction - magnetisation - relation between the three magnetic
vectors B, H and M - magnetic permeability - properties of diamagnetic materials
- properties of paramagnetic materials - properties of ferromagnetic materials -
antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism - the electron theory of magnetism -
experiment to draw M-H curve ( horizontal model ) - energy loss due to
hysteresis - the importance of hysteresis curve.
Text Book :Electricity and Magnetism, R. Murugeshan, S. Chand & Co.,
Chapters 15.
Module II
Thermodynamics (18 hrs)
Thermodynamic system - Zeroth law of thermodynamics (statement and
explanation) - thermodynamic equilibrium – work - internal energy - first law of
thermodynamics - the indicator diagram - isothermal and adiabatic processes,
their equations and work done – cyclic process - slopes of adiabatics and
isothermals - relation between adiabatic and isotheral elasticity.
Reversible and irreversible process - heat engines - definition of efficiency -
Carnot’s ideal heat engine - Carnot cycle - effective way to increase efficiency -
Carnot engine and refrigerator - coefficient of performance - second law of
thermodynamics (Kelvin and Clausius’s statement).
Entropy and change in entropy - changes of entropy in reversible and irreversible
cycles -principle of increase of entropy - T-S diagram for Carnot cycle -
calculation of entropy when ice is converted into steam - thermodynamic
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 138
potentials - significance of thermodynamic potentials - relation of
thermodynamic potential with their variables - Clapeyron’s latent heat equation -
effect of pressure on melting point of solid and boiling point of liquid.
Text Book : Heat and Thermodynamics, Brijlal and Subrahmanyam and P. S.
Hemne, S. Chand & Co., Chapter 5 & 6
Module III
Special theory of relativity (10 hrs)
Galilean transformations- Electromagnetism and Galilean transformations -
postulates of special theory of relativity- Lorentz transformations - velocity
transformation - length contraction- time dilation -simultaneity- - relativistic
mass -equivalence of mass and energy
Text Book:
Modern Physics - G.Aruldhas, PHI Learning Private Limited, Chapter 1
Reference:
1. Concepts of Modern Physics - A. Beiser ,Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.
2. Modern Physics - R. Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasth
(S. Chand and Co.)
3. Modern Physics- G.Aruldhas and P.Rajagopal , PHI Publications
4. Thermodynamics- Zemansky and Dittmann, ,Tata McGraw-Hill
Competencies:
C1. Define magnetic induction.
C2. Describe magnetization.
C3. Determine the relation between the three magnetic vectors magnetic flux
density(B), magnetising field (H) and intensity of magnetisaion (M).
C4. Compare the properties of diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic
materials.
C5. Define antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism
C6. Illustrate diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism on the basis of
electron theory.
C7. Describe hysteresis
C8. Design an experiment to draw hysteresis curve.
C9. Calculate the energy loss/ cycle of magnetisaion due to hysteresis loss.
C10. Mention the importance of hysteresis curve
C11. Understand thermodynamic systems
C12. Explain zeroth law of thermodynamics
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Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 139
C13. Define first law of thermodynamics
C14. Draw indicator diagram
C15. Differentiate between adiabatic and isothermal processes
C16. Understand thermodynamic potentials
C17. Distinguish between reversible and irreversible processes
C18. Describe the working of Carnot’s engine
C19. Define entropy
C20. Calculate entropy in reversible and irreversible processes
C21. Discuss Clapeyron’s latent heat equation
C22. Illustrate Galilean transformation
C23. State the postulates of Special Theory of Relativity
C24. Explain Lorentz transformation and velocity transformations
C25. Extend the Lorentz transformation to concepts of Length contraction, time
dilation and Relativistic Mass.
C26. Summarize the equivalence of mass and energy
BLUE PRINT
PH2CM2TB Magnetic Phenomena, Thermodynamics and
Special theory of Relativity
Module Hou
rs
36
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Magnetic
Properties of
Materials
8 1
2
2
1 25
II
Thermodynamics
18
3 4 4 2 51
III
Special Theory of
Relativity
10 1 2 2 1 25
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 140
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
PH2CM2TB Magnetic Phenomena, Thermodynamics and
Special theory of Relativity
Time: 3 Hours Maximum: 60 Marks
Part A
Answer all questions. (Each question carries 1 mark)
1. Define intensity of Magnetisation.
2. How can a state of thermodynamic equilibrium be realized by a system?
3. During an adiabatic process, the system experiences a change in temperature.
Why?
4. Define coefficient of performance of a refrigerator. Is it greater than 1?
5. What are inertial frame of reference?
(5x 1 = 5 marks)
Part B
Answer 5 questions. (Each question carries 2 marks)
6. List the main classification of magnetism.
7. Mention some applications of ferromagnetic substances.
8. What is meant by a reversible process? What are the conditions required?
9. State first law of thermodynamics. Express it mathematically and explain its
significance.
10. State and explain the principle of increase of entropy.
11. Show that adiabatics are steeper than isothermals.
12. What are the postulates of special theory of relativity?
13. Explain time dilation.
(5x2 = 10 marks)
Part C
Answer 5 questions. (Each question carries 5 marks)
14. .A magnetic field of 2000 ampere turns per cm produces a flux density of 8π
Web/m2 in an iron bar. Calculate the relative permeability and susceptibility.
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15. A specimen of length 5 cm and cross sectional area 0.8 cm2 is placed in a
magnetizing field 750 A/m with its length parallel to the field. If the relative
permeability of iron is 700, find the magnetic moment of the bar.
16. A motor car tyre has a pressure of 2 atmospheres at the room temperature of
27oC.If the tyre suddenly bursts ,find the resulting temperature.
17. Calculate the change in the melting point of ice when it is subjected to a
pressure of 100 atmospheres.Specific latent heat of fusion of
ice=3.3×105J/kg.The densities of ice and water at 273K are920 kg/m3and
1000 kg/m3 respectively .
18. A Carnot’s engine whose source is at 127oC take in 4200J of heat in each
cycle and gives out 2520J of heat to the condenser. Find the temperature of
the condenser.
19. Calculate the change in entropy when 5 kg of water at 100oC is converted in
to steam at the same temperature. Specific latent heat of steam =
2.26×106J/kg.
20. Find the energy equivalent of one mass unit.
21. Calculate the apparent length of a 2 meter scale moving at the speed of 2.5 x
108 m/s.
(5 x5 = 25 marks)
Part D
Answer 2 questions. (Each question carries 10 mark)
22. What is hysteresis? Discuss how the hysteresis curve of a magnetic material
can be obtained experimentally.
23. Calculate the work done in a Carnot’s cycle of operations. Deduce the
efficiency of a Carnot’s engine in terms of the temperatures between which it
works.
24. Define thermodynamic potentials. Derive their relationship with state
variables.
25. Deduce Lorentz transformation equations.
(2 x 10= 20 marks)
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 142
Semester III
PH3CM3TB Quantum Mechanics, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics,
Basic Electronics and Digital Electronics
Credits - 3
Total lecture hours - 54 hrs
Aim
The syllabus will cater to the basic requirements for his/her higher studies. It is
expected to provide the learner the knowledge about quantum mechanics,
spectroscopy, basic electronics and digital electronics. It inculcates an
appreciation of the physical world and the discipline of physics.
Module I
Elementary Quantum theory (12 hrs)
Introduction – breakdown of classical physics – black body radiation and
Planck’s quantum hypothesis (qualitative) – photoelectric effect – Einstein’s
explanation of photoelectric effect – de Broglie hypothesis – matter wave –
Davisson Germer experiment – uncertainty principle (derivation and application
not required) – wave packet – wave function – properties of wave function –
probabilistic interpretation of wave function – normalisation condition – time
independent Schrödinger equation – particle in a box problem.
Text Books :
1. Modern Physics, G. Aruldhas and P. Rajagopal, Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th
edn.
2. Quantum Mechanics, Aruldhas, PHI Pub.
3. Modern Physics , Arthur Beiser, Tata McGraw-Hill
Spectroscopy (12 hrs)
Thomson’s model – Rutherford’s nuclear atom model (qualitative) – Bohr atom
model – Bohr radius – total energy of the electron – Bohr’s interpretation of
Hydrogen atom – Sommerfeld’s relativistic atom model – elliptical orbits of
Hydrogen (qualitative) – Sommerfeld’s relativistic theory – fine structure of Hα
line – Vector atom model – quantum numbers associated with vector atom
model – coupling scheme (qualitative) – optical spectra – spectral terms –
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 143
spectral notation – selection rules.
Text Book : Modern Physics, R. Murugeshan, S. Chand and Co., Chapter 6
Molecular spectra – theory of origin of pure rotational spectra of rigid diatomic
molecule – Raman effect – experimental study of Raman effect – quantum
theory of Raman effect.
Text Book :Modern Physics, R. Murugeshan, S. Chand and Co., Chapter 19
Module II
Introduction to the Nucleus & Radioactivity (10 hrs)
Classification of nuclei - general properties of nucleus – binding energy - nuclear
stability – theories of nuclear composition – nuclear forces – magic numbers –
natural radioactivity – alpha– beta & gamma rays – properties of alpha rays –
properties of beta rays – properties of gamma rays– fundamental laws of
radioactivity – Soddy Fajan’s displacement law – law of radioactive
disintegration – half life – mean life – units of radioactivity – law of successive
disintegration – radioactive dating – energy balance in nuclear reaction and the Q
value – threshold energy of an endoergic reaction.
Text book : Modern Physics , R Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, S.
Chand and Co., Chapter 27- sections:27.1 to 27.7 & 27.10, Chapter 31-
sections:31.1 to 31.5, 31.29 to 31.31 & 31.33 to 31.35. Chapter 34- sections:
34.2, 34.3, 34.6
Module III
Basic Electronics (13 hrs)
Energy bands in solids – conduction in solids – semiconductors – majority and
minority charge carriers – intrinsic conduction. PN junction diodes – biasing –
diode equation (derivation not required), diode parameters, diode ratings – diode
characteristics – junction break down. Rectifiers – half wave, full wave and
bridge rectifiers. Zener diode characteristics – voltage regulation. Bipolar
junction transistors – biasing – transistor currents – transistor circuit
configurations - common base, common emitter and common collector –
relations between α and β, γ and β – leakage current – thermal runaway –
transistor characteristics for common base, common emitter and common
collector configurations.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 144
Text Book : Basic Electronics , B. L. Theraja - Chapter12 (12.17, 12.20, 12.22,
12.23-26, 12.30), Chapter 13, Chapter14, Chapter15(15.1-2), Chapter 18 &
19(19.1,3).
Digital electronics (7 hrs)
Different number systems – decimal - binary – octal - hexa decimal number
systems – conversion between different number systems – binary mathematics –
addition and subtraction – basic theorems of Boolean algebra – de Morgan’s
theorems – AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR gates – truth tables – half adder
and full adder (qualitative).
Text Book :Digital principles and applications, A. P. Malvino and P.Leach
References :
1. Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser , Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.
2. Modern Physics, G. Aruldas and P.Rajagopal , PHI Pub.
3. Quantum Physics- S. Gasiorowicz ( John Wiley & Sons)
4. Modern Physics, G. Aruldas and P.Rajagopal, PHI Pub.
Competencies:
C1. Understand the inefficiency of classical mechanics
C2. Explain black body radiation
C3. State Planck’s quantum hypothesis of black body radiation
C4. Define photoelectric effect
C5. Discuss Einstein’s explanation of black body radiation
C6. Define de Broglie hypothesis
C7. Define uncertainty principle
C8. Discuss Davisson Germer experiment
C9. Define wavefunction
C10. List the properties of wavefunction
C11. Explain time independent Schrodinger equation
C12. Discuss particle in a box problem
C13. Discuss Thomson’s and Rutherford’s atom models
C14. Discuss the Bohr’s atom model
C15. Calculate the Bohr radius and total energy of an electron
C16. Explain Bohr’s interpretation of Hydrogen atom
C17. Discuss Sommerfeld’s atom model
C18. Discuss vector atom model
C19. Explain quantum numbers in vector atom model
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 145
C20. Understand the coupling schemes and selection rules
C21. Mention different types of nuclei.
C22. Describe the properties of nucleus.
C23. Explain Binding energy.
C24. Calculate binding energy of nucleus.
C25. Describe Nuclear stability.
C26. State electron- proton hypothesis.
C27. State proton- neutron hypothesis.
C28. Describe nuclear force.
C29. Mention the features of nuclear force.
C30. List magic numbers.
C31. Explain natural radioactivity.
C32. Describe the experimental set up.
C33. Focus and distinguish between Properties of Alpha, Beta & Gamma rays.
C34. State Soddy Fajan’s displacement law.
C35. State law of radioactive disintegration.
C36. Determine the mean life of radioactive material.
C37. Define Units of radioactivity- Curie & Rutherford.
C38. Determine the age of earth.
C39. Determine the age of biological specimen – carbon dating.
C40. Define Q value.
C41. Calculate threshold energy of an endoergic reaction.
C42. Understand the conduction in solids
C43. Discuss p-n junction diode
C44. Explain diode characteristics
C45. Discuss rectification process
C46. Understand the working of Zener as a voltage regulator
C47. Define thermal run away
C48. Relate α, β and γ
C49. Explain different types of transistor configurations
C50. List different number systems
C51. Discuss the binary addition and subtraction
C52. Explain the conversional between decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal
number systems
C53. Describe the working of different types of logic gates
C54. Draw half adder and full adder circuits
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 146
BLUE PRINT
PH3CC3TB Quantum Mechanics, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics &
Electronics
Module Hours
54
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Elementary
Quantum
theory
Spectroscopy
24 2 4 4 2 50
II
Introduction
to the Nucleus
&
Radioactivity
10 1
1 1 1 18
II
Basic
Electronics
Digital
electronics
20 2 3 3 1 33
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 147
Semester IV
PH4CM4TB Physical Optics,- Laser Physics and Astrophysics
Credits - 3
Total lecture hours - 54 hrs
Aim
The syllabus will cater to the basic requirements for his/her higher studies. It is
expected to provide the learner the knowledge about interference, diffraction,
polarization of light, lasers, and astrophysics. It inculcates an appreciation of the
physical world and the discipline of physics.
Module I
Interference (12 hrs)
Interference of light – Principle of superposition – conditions for maximum and
minimum intensities – coherent sources – Interference by division of wave front
and division of amplitude – Young’s double slit experiment (division of wave
front) – Expression for fringe width – Newton’s rings by reflected light (division
of amplitude) – measurement of wavelength of sodium light by Newton’s rings –
interference in thin films.
Diffraction (8 hrs)
Introduction – Difference between Interference and diffraction – Fresnel and
Fraunhofer diffraction – Fresnel Diffraction at a straight edge – Theory of plane
transmission grating – Determination of wavelength (normal incidence) –
resolving power – dispersive power.
Text Book :AText book of Optics- N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and M.N.
Avadhanulu (S. Chand and Co.)
Module II
Polarization (15 hrs)
Polarization – preferential direction in a wave – polarized light – natural light –
production of linearly polarized light – polarization by reflection – Brewster’s
law – polarization by double refraction – calcite crystal – optic axis – principal
section – positive and negative crystals – Huygen’s explanation of double
refraction – phase difference between O and E rays – types of polarization –
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 148
retardation plates – Nicol prism – Malus’s law.
Text book : A Text book of Optics- N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and M.N.
Avadhanulu (S. Chand and Co.)
Module III
Lasers (10 hours)
Interaction of light and matter - quantum behavior of light - energy levels –
population - thermal equilibrium - absorption and emission of light - the three
processes - Einstein relation - condition for large stimulated emissions - condition
for light amplification - population inversion – pumping - active medium -
metastable state - pumping schemes - solid state lasers – ruby laser &YAG laser -
gas laser – helium-neon laser - applications (basic ideas).
Text book : An Introduction to LASER – theory and applications, M.N.
Avadhanulu., S Chand & Company, First edition, Chapter 1- sections: 1.3 to
1.13-1.15 to 1.16 & 1.18 to1.20- Chapter 2- sections:2.2- 2.2.1 & 2.2.2 - 2.3 &
2.3.1. & Chapter 5.
Astrophysics (9 hrs)
Basic Physics required for understanding the relation between temperature and
color of stars - Planck’s law of black body radiation - Wiedmann Franz law-
Stefan’s law - continuous absorption and emission spectra.
Text book :An introduction to Astrophysics- Baidyanath Basu, Chapter 2
Brightness and distances of stars - Stellar magnitude sequence - absolute
magnitude and distance modulus - stellar parallax (trigonometric) and units of
stellar distances.
Text book :An introduction to Astrophysics- Baidyanath Basu, Chapter 3
Spectral classification of stars: HR diagram and main sequence stars.
Text book :An introduction to Astrophysics- Baidyanath Basu, Chapter 4
Formation and evolution of stars (Qualitative ideas only) - How a stable star is
formed - death of a star and formation of red giants, white dwarfs - neutron stars
and black holes. Chandrasekhar limit - super novae explosion.
Text book :Astronomy : A Self-Teaching Guide – Dinah L. Moche, Wiley, 6th
edn., Chapters 7 and 12
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 149
Competencies:
C1. Define interference of light
C2. State the principle of superposition
C3. Derive the conditions for maximum and minimum intensities
C4. Define coherent sources
C5. Discuss interference by division of wavefront and division of amplitude
C6. Explain Young’s double slit experiment
C7. Calculate the expression for fringe width
C8. Calculate the wavelength of sodium light by Newton’s rings experiment
C9. Discuss the interference in thin films
C10. Differentiate between Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction
C11. Discuss Fresnel’s diffraction at a straight edge
C12. Determine the wavelength of light using transmission grating
C13. Define resolving and dispersive powers
C14. Identify transverse and longitudinal waves
C15. Define polarization of light
C16. Discuss polarization by reflection
C17. State Brewster’s law
C18. Define optic axis, principal section, positive crystals and negative
crystals
C19. State double refraction
C20. Describe Huygen’s explanation of double refraction
C21. Discuss retardation plates
C22. Understand Nicol prism
C23. State Malus’s law
C24. Explain the terms - Interaction of light and matter, Quantum behavior
of light, Energy levels, Population and Thermal equilibrium.
C25. Explain Absorption and emission of light.
C26. Categorize absorption and emission process.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 150
C27. Describe Einstein coefficients.
C28. Determine the relation between Einstein coefficients.
C29. Determine the condition for light amplification.
C30. Discuss population inversion.
C31. Define pumping and metastable state
C32. Describe the basic components of laser device.
C33. Explain different methods of pumping.
C34. Explain the construction and working of Ruby laser.
C35. Describe the working of YAG laser.
C36. Explain the construction and working of Helium – Neon laser.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 151
BLUE PRINT
PH4CM4TB Physical Optics, Laser Physics and Astrophysics
Module Hours
54
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Interference
Diffraction
20 2 3 3 2 43
II
Polarization 15
1
2 2 1 25
II
Lasers
Astrophysics
19 2 3 3 1 33
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 152
SYLLABUS FOR COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS FOR CHEMISTRY
Semester I
PH1CC1TB Properties of Matter, Mechanics and Particle Physics
Credits - 2
Total lecture hours - 36
Aim
The syllabus will cater to the basic requirements for his/her higher studies. It
helps to understand the physical phenomena of elasticity, moment of inertia and
elementary particles. It inculcates an appreciation of the physical world.
Module I
Elasticity (12 hrs)
Hooke’s law – elastic limit – elastic behavior of solids in general – different types
of elasticity – work done per unit volume – Poisson’s ratio – limiting values of
Poisson’s ratio – Relation between volume strain and linear strain.
Twisting couple on a cylinder – angle of twist and angle of shear – torsional
rigidity – variation of stress in twisted cylinder – strain energy in a twisted
cylinder.
Bending of beams – bending moment – expression for bending moment –
cantilever and its depression at its loaded end (weight of the cantilever
ineffective, theory only.) – depression of supported beam (Centrally loaded and
the weight of the beam is ineffective, theory only) – I section girders.
Text Book: Mechanics - D. S. Mathur- Revised by P. S. Hemne, S. Chand &
Co., Chapters13 & 14.
Module II
Dynamics of rigid bodies (10 hrs)
Rigid body – translational and rotational motion – torque – angular momentum –
angular impulse – moment of inertia – radius of gyration – general theorems on
moment of inertia – parallel and perpendicular axes theorems for a plane laminar
body – particular cases of moment of inertia – uniform rod, rectangular lamina,
thin circular ring, circular disc, annular ring, solid cylinder, hollow cylinder,
spherical shell, sphere and hollow sphere – moment of inertia of a fly wheel –
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 153
experimental determination.
Text Book: Mechanics - D. S. Mathur- Revised by P. S. Hemne- S. Chand &
Co., Chapter 11.
Module III
Simple Harmonic Motion (9 hrs)
Periodic and harmonic motion – simple harmonic motion – differential equation
of S.H.M – phase relationship between displacement – velocity and acceleration
of simple harmonic oscillator – energy of a harmonic oscillator – average values
of kinetic and potential energies of a harmonic oscillator – damping ( frictional
effects) – damped harmonic oscillator (over damped, under damped and critically
damped cases) – logarithmic decrement – power dissipation – quality factor –
driven harmonic oscillator – sharpness of resonance – phase of the driven
harmonic oscillator – velocity amplitude.
Text Book:Mechanics - D. S. Mathur- Revised by P. S. Hemne- S. Chand &
Co., Chapters 7,8.
Particle Physics (5 hrs)
Fundamental interactions in nature – gauge particles – classification of particles –
antiparticles – elementary particle quantum numbers – conservation laws – quark
model (qualitative)
Text Book: Modern Physics - R. Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, S.
Chand and Co.
References:
1. Mechanics- H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri. (Tata McGraw-Hill)
2. Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. Chand and Co.)
3. Mechanics- J.C. Upadhyaya (Ram Prasad and sons)
4. Concepts of Modern Physics - A. Beiser (Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.)
5. Modern Physics - G.Aruldhas, PHI Learning Private Limited.
Competencies:
C1. Define Hooke’s law
C2. Describe elastic behavior of a solid
C3. Understand different types of elasticity
C4. Compute the work done per unit volume under stress
C5. Define Poisson’s ratio
C6. Describe bending of beams
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 154
C7. Define torsional rigidity
C8. Understand torsional couple
C9. Relate adiabatic and isothermal elasticities
C10. Calculate the depression for a cantilever loaded at the free end
C11. Estimate the depression for a beam centrally loaded
C12. Define Simple Harmonic Motion with examples
C13. Set up differential equation of Simple Harmonic Motion
C14. Describe velocity and acceleration of harmonic oscillator
C15. Recognize the phase relationship between displacement, velocity and
acceleration of harmonic oscillator
C16. Explain the Potential, Kinetic and total energies of harmonic oscillator
C17. Draw the variations of Potential, Kinetic and total energies with
amplitude.
C18. Classify different types of harmonic oscillator.
C19. Set up and solve the differential equation of damped harmonic oscillator
C20. Illustrate overdamped, underdamped and critically damped cases
C21. Set up and solve the differential equation of forced harmonicoscillator.
C22. Describe amplitude and velocity resonance.
C23. Describe sharpness of resonance.
C24. Define rigid body
C25. Focus and distinguish between translational and rotational motions.
C26. Describe torque.
C27. Describe angular momentum.
C28. Describe angular impulse, moment of inertia.
C29. Describe radius of gyration.
C30. Determine the relationship between torque and angular momentum.
C31. Determine the relationship between torque and moment of inertia.
C32. Determine the relationship between torque and angular acceleration.
C33. State and prove parallel and perpendicular axes theorems
C34. Determine the moment of inertia of following shapes, (i) Uniform Rod
(ii) Rectangular lamina (iii) thin circular ring (iv) circular disc (v) annular
ring (vi) solid cylinder (vii) hollow cylinder (viii)Spherical shell, sphere
and hollow sphere.
C35. Describe flywheel.
C36. Design an experiment to determine moment of inertia of flywheel.
C37. Discuss elementary particles
C38. Name examples of elementary particles
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 155
C39. List the features of elementary particles
C40. Classify elementary particles
C41. Discuss the quantum numbers associated with elementary particles
C42. Discuss quark model qualitatively
BLUE PRINT
PH1CC1TB Properties of matter, Mechanics & Particle Physics
Module
Hours
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Elasticity
12 1/2/2 2/3/3 2/3/3 2/1/1 35/33/33
II
Rigid body
10 2/1/2 3/2/3 3/2/3 1/2/1 33/35/33
III
Simple
Harmonic
Motion
Particle
Physics
14 2/2/1 3/3/2 3/3/2 1/1/2 33/33/35
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 156
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
PH1CC1TB Properties of matter, Mechanics & Particle Physics
Time: Three Hours Maximum Mark: 60
Part A
( Answer all, Each carries 1 mark )
1. What is meant by elastic limit of a body?
2. What is compressibility?
3. Define radius of gyration.
4. Who discovered positron?
5. Find the ratio of amplitudes of two simple harmonic motions represented
by equations
𝑦1 = 10 sin( 4𝜋𝑡 +𝜋
4 ) and 𝑦2 = 10 (sin 4𝜋𝑡 + √3 cos 4𝜋𝑡 ).
( 5 x 1 = 5 marks )
Part B
( Answer any five, Each carries 2 marks )
6. Show that the work done per unit volume in deforming a body undergoing
volume strain is .1
2 × 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 × 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛.
7. What are I section girders.
8. What is meant by flexural rigidity of a beam? Give an expression for
flexural rigidity.
9. State and prove perpendicular axes theorem.
10. Establish the relation between angular momentum and torque.
11. Show that in SHM, the phase difference between the displacement and
acceleration is π.
12. Derive an expression for Potential energy of a harmonic oscillator. Draw
its variation with displacement.
13. Discuss the quark combination of proton and neutron.
( 5 x 2 = 10 marks )
Part C
( Answer any five, Each carries 5 marks )
14. A rod of width 2.5cm and thickness 2.5mm is supported symmetrically on
two knife edges 1m apart. When loaded with weight 200g at each
end which are projected 10cm from the respective knife edges, the
centre is elevated by 4mm. What is the Young’s modulus of the
material.
15. Derive the expression for bending moment.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 157
16. Two identical wires of steel and copper are stretched by the same weight
in turn. Calculate the ratio of the extensions produced in the wire
Youngs modulus for steel and Cu are 2X1011 and 1.2X1011 N/m2
respectively
17. What must be the relation between length l and radius R of a cylinder, if
the moment of inertia of the cylinder about its axis is the same as
its m.i about the equatorial axis passing through its centre.
18. A wheel of mass 5Kg and radius of gyration 40cm is rotating at 210rpm.
Find the moment of inertia and Kinetic energy in MKS unit.
19. Show that the motion described by the equation 𝑣2 = 20 − 6𝑥2 is simple
harmonic in nature. Also find the amplitude and frequency.
20. If the earth is a homogeneous sphere and a straight hole is bored through
its centre, show that a body dropped in to this hole will execute a SHM.
Calculate the time period if the radius of earth is 6400Km ad g on its
surface is 9.8m/s2
21. Is strangeness conserved in following reactions?
(i) π+ + n K+ + ∑ -
(ii) π- + p p -+ ∑+
( 5 x 5 = 25 marks)
Part D
( Answer any two, Each carries 10 marks )
22. Describe with necessary theory the torsion pendulum method of
determining the rigidity modulus of the material of a wire.
23. Derive expressions for moment of inertia of the following objects (i) thin
circular disc about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to
its length (ii) Solid sphere about its diameter and tangent.
24. With a neat diagram, explain flywheel in brief. Also describe an
experiment to determine
the moment of inertia of flywheel. Derive the expressions used.
25. What is meant by driven harmonic oscillations? Deduce the differential
equation of driven harmonic oscillator. Discuss the amplitude resonance
and sharpness of resonance
( 2 x 10 = 20 marks)
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 158
Semester II
PH2CC2TB Magnetic phenomena, Thermodynamics and
Solid State Physics
Credits - 2
Total lecture hours - 36hrs
Aim
The syllabus will cater to the basic requirements for his/her higher studies. It
helps to understand the physical phenomena of thermodynamics, magnetism and
about crystalline solids. It inculcates an appreciation of the physical world and
the discipline of Physics.
Module I
Magnetic Properties of Materials (8 hrs)
Magnetic induction – magnetisation – relation between the three magnetic
vectors B, H and M – magnetic permeability – properties of diamagnetic
materials – properties of paramagnetic materials – properties of ferromagnetic
materials – antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism – the electron theory of
magnetism – experiment to draw M-H curve ( horizontal model ) – energy loss
due to hysteresis – the importance of hysteresis curve.
Text Book: Electricity and Magnetism, R. Murugeshan, S. Chand & Co.,
Chapters 15.
Module II
Thermodynamics (18 hrs)
Thermodynamic system – Zeroth law of thermodynamics (statement and
explanation) – thermodynamic equilibrium – work – internal energy – first law of
thermodynamics – the indicator diagram – isothermal and adiabatic processes,
their equations and work done – cyclic process – slopes of adiabatics and
isothermals – relation between adiabatic and isotheral elasticity.
Reversible and irreversible process – heat engines – definition of efficiency –
Carnot’s ideal heat engine – Carnot cycle – effective way to increase efficiency –
Carnot engine and refrigerator – coefficient of performance – second law of
thermodynamics (Kelvin and Clausius’s statement).
Entropy and change in entropy – changes of entropy in reversible and irreversible
cycles –principle of increase of entropy – T–S diagram for Carnot cycle –
calculation of entropy when ice is converted into steam – thermodynamic
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 159
potentials – significance of thermodynamic potentials – relation of
thermodynamic potential with their variables – Clapeyron’s latent heat equation –
effect of pressure on melting point of solid and boiling point of liquid.
Text Book: Heat and Thermodynamics, Brijlal and Subrahmanyam and P. S.
Hemne, S. Chand & Co., Chapter 5.
Module III
Crystalline Solids (10 hrs)
Crystalline and amorphous solids – crystal lattice and translation vectors – basis
– unit cell – lattice parameters – crystal systems – crystal planes and directions –
Miller indices – inter planar spacing – hcp, fcc, bcc, sc crystal structures –
Bragg’s law of X ray diffraction.
Text Book: Solid State Physics, R. K. Puri and V. K. Babbar, S. Chand & Co.
References:
1. Thermodynamics- Zemansky and Dittmann (Tata McGraw-Hill)
2. Heat and Thermodynamics- Brijlal and Subrahmanyam (S. Chand &Co)
Competencies:
C1. Define magnetic induction.
C2. Describe magnetization.
C3. Determine the relation between the three magnetic vectors magnetic flux
density(B), magnetizing field (H) and intensity of magnetization (M).
C4. Compare the properties of diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic
materials.
C5. Define antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism
C6. Illustrate diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism on the basis of
electron theory.
C7. Describe hysteresis
C8. Design an experiment to draw hysteresis curve.
C9. Calculate the energy loss/ cycle of magnetization due to hysteresis loss.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 160
C10. Mention the importance of hysteresis curve
C11. Understand thermodynamic systems
C12. Explain zeroth law of thermodynamics
C13. Define first law of thermodynamics
C14. Draw indicator diagram
C15. Differentiate between adiabatic and isothermal processes
C16. Understand thermodynamic potentials
C17. Distinguish between reversible and irreversible processes
C18. Describe the working of Carnot’s engine
C19. Define entropy
C20. Calculate entropy in reversible and irreversible processes
C21. Discuss Clapeyron’s latent heat equation
C22. Differentiate between crystals and amorphous solids
C23. Identify lattice and basis
C24. Explain lattice translation vectors
C25. Define unit cell
C26. List crystal systems
C27. Calculate Miller indices
C28. Relate between inter planar spacing and Miller indices
C29. Discuss hcp, fcc, bcc and sc crystal structures
C30. Explain X-ray diffraction by powder method
C31. Define Bragg’s law
C32. Illustrate Galilean transformation
C33. State the postulates of Special Theory of Relativity
C34. Explain Lorentz transformation and velocity transformations
C35. Extend the Lorentz transformation to concepts of Length contraction, time
dilation and Relativistic Mass
C36. Summarize the equivalence of mass and energy
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 161
BLUE PRINT
PH2CC2TB Magnetic phenomena, Thermodynamics and
Solid State Physics
Module Hours
36
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8
5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Magnetic
Properties of
Materials
8 1
2
2
1 25
II
Thermodynamics
18
3 4 4 2 51
III
Crystalline
Solids
10 1 2 2 1 25
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 162
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
PH2CC2TB Magnetic phenomena, Thermodynamics and
Solid State Physics
Time: Three Hours Maximum Mark: 60
Part A
( Answer all, Each carries 1 mark )
1. What is meant by intensity of magnetization?
2. Write down Clausius – Claperyon equation.
3. List any three thermodynamic variables.
4. Define adiabatic process.
5. Distinguish between crystalline and amorphous structure.
( 5 x 1 = 5 marks )
Part B
( Answer any five, Each carries 2 marks )
6. Distinguish between dia , para & ferromagnetism.
7. Establish the relation between the magnetic susceptibility and relative
permeability of a magnetic material.
8. State Second law of thermodynamics .
9. Distinguish between isothermal and adiabatic processes.
10. Discuss the effect of pressure on melting point of solid.
11. Define the term entropy and discuss the principle of increase of entropy.
12. What are Bravais lattices? List the basic crystal systems resulting from the
Bravais lattices.
13. Calculate the effective number of atoms in SC, BCC and FCC.
( 5 x 2 = 10 marks )
Part C
(Answer any five, Each carries 5 marks)
14. A magnet of volume 30 cm3 has magnetic moment of 7500 A- m2.
Calculate the flux density in it when placed in a magnetic field of 30 A/m
15. A specimen of radius 0.5 cm is kept parallel to a magnetizing field 4000
A/m. It acquires a pole strength of 8 Am. Calculate the magnetic
susceptibility and permeability of material.
16. Calculate the change in entropy when 1 gm of ice at -10oC is converted in
to steam at 100oC. Specific heat of ice = 4 × 105 Cal/Kg, Latent heat of
steam = 5.4 × 105Cal/Kg.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 163
17. 1 mole of perfect gas at 27oC and atmospheric pressure is slowly
compressed to half its original volume. Find the final pressure and also the
work done. Gas constant = 8.3 J/K
18. A carnots engine whose temperature of the source is 400K takes 200
Calories of heat at this temperature and reject 150 Calories of heat to the
sink. What is its efficiency? Also calculate the temperature of sink.
19. Derive gas equation for adiabatic process.
20. Show that the fraction of the available volume filled by spheres in case of
fcc structure is 0.74.
21. A lattice plane of a crystal cuts intercepts 4a, 6b and 3c along the axes. a,b
and c are the translational vectors of unit cell. Find the miller indices of the
plane
( 5 x 5 = 25 marks)
Part D
(Answer any two, Each carries 10 marks)
22. What is meant by hysteresis? With necessary theory describe an
experiment to draw hysteresis curve of a ferromagnetic material and
define the terms retentivity and coercivity. Also point out the uses of
hysteresis curve
23. Derive Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations from thermodynamic
potentials.
24. Describe Carnot engine. With the help of an indicator diagram, explain
Carnot cycle. Also derive the expression for the efficiency.
25. State and prove Bragg’s law. Also discuss its applications in the
determination of crystalline structures.
( 2 x 10 = 20 marks)
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 164
Semester III
PH3CC3TB Quantum mechanics, Spectroscopy,
Nuclear Physics and Electronics
Credits - 3
Total lecture hours - 54 hrs
Aim
The syllabus will cater to the basic requirements for his/her higher studies. It is
expected to provide the learner the knowledge about quantum mechanics,
spectroscopy, nuclear physics, and electronics. It inculcates an appreciation of the
physical world and the discipline of physics.
Module I
Elementary Quantum theory (12 hrs)
Introduction – breakdown of classical physics – black body radiation and
Planck’s quantum hypothesis (qualitative) – photoelectric effect – Einstein’s
explanation of photoelectric effect – de Broglie hypothesis – matter wave –
Davisson Germer experiment – uncertainty principle (derivation and application
not required) - wave packet – wave function – properties of wave function –
probabilistic interpretation of wave function – normalisation condition – time
independent Schrödinger equation – particle in a box problem.
Text Books:
1. Modern Physics, G. Aruldhas and P. Rajagopal, Tata McGraw-Hill,
5th edn.
2. Quantum Mechanics, Aruldhas, PHI Pub.
3. Modern Physics , Arthur Beiser, Tata McGraw-Hill
Spectroscopy (12 hrs)
Thomson’s model - Rutherford’s nuclear atom model (qualitative) - Bohr atom
model – Bohr radius – total energy of the electron – Bohr’s interpretation of
Hydrogen atom- Sommerfeld’s relativistic atom model – elliptical orbits of
Hydrogen (qualitative) – Sommerfeld’s relativistic theory – fine structure of Hα
line - Vector atom model – quantum numbers associated with vector atom model
– coupling scheme (qualitative) - optical spectra – spectral terms – spectral
notation – selection rules.
Text Book: Modern Physics, R. Murugeshan, S. Chand and Co., Chapter 6
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 165
Molecular spectra – theory of origin of pure rotational spectra of rigid diatomic
molecule -Raman effect – experimental study of Raman effect – quantum theory
of Raman effect.
Text Book: Modern Physics, R. Murugeshan, S. Chand and Co., Chapter 19
References:
1. Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser , Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.
2. Modern Physics, G. Aruldas and P.Rajagopal , PHI Pub.
3. Quantum Physics- S. Gasiorowicz ( John Wiley & Sons)
Module II
Introduction to the Nucleus & Radioactivity (10 hrs)
Classification of nuclei - general properties of nucleus - binding energy - nuclear
stability - theories of nuclear composition - nuclear forces - magic numbers -
natural radioactivity - alpha- beta & gamma rays - properties of alpha rays -
properties of beta rays - properties of gamma rays- fundamental laws of
radioactivity – Soddy Fajan’s displacement law - law of radioactive
disintegration – half life - mean life - units of radioactivity - law of successive
disintegration - radioactive dating - energy balance in nuclear reaction and the Q
value - threshold energy of an endoergic reaction.
Text Book: Modern Physics , R Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, S.
Chand and Co., Chapter 27- sections:27.1 to 27.7 & 27.10, Chapter 31-
sections:31.1 to 31.5, 31.29 to 31.31 & 31.33 to 31.35. Chapter 34- sections:
34.2, 34.3, 34.6
.Reference:
1.Modern Physics, G. Aruldas and P.Rajagopal, PHI Pub.
Nuclear Fission & Fusion (7 hrs)
Nuclear fission- Energy released in fission- Chain reaction- Atom bomb- Nuclear
reactors - Nuclear Fusion- Source of stellar energy- Thermonuclear reactions-
Transuranic elements.
Text book: Modern Physics, R Murugeshan- Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, S Chand
& Co. , Chapter 35
Module III
Basic Electronics (13 hrs)
Energy bands in solids - conduction in solids – semiconductors - majority and
minority charge carriers - intrinsic conduction. PN junction diodes – biasing -
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 166
diode equation (derivation not required), diode parameters, diode ratings - diode
characteristics - junction break down. Rectifiers - half wave, full wave and bridge
rectifiers. Zener diode characteristics – voltage regulation. Bipolar junction
transistors – biasing - transistor currents - transistor circuit configurations -
common base, common emitter and common collector- relations between α and
β, γ and β-leakage current - thermal runaway - transistor characteristics for
common base, common emitter and common collector configurations.
Text Book: Basic Electronics , B. L. Theraja - Chapter12 (12.17, 12.20, 12.22,
12.23-26, 12.30), Chapter 13, Chapter14, Chapter15(15.1-2), Chapter 18 &
19(19.1,3).
References:
1 Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta
2 Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.)
3 Modern Physics- G.Aruldas and P.Rajagopal (PHI Pub)
Competencies:
C1. Understand the inefficiency of classical mechanics
C2. Explain black body radiation
C3. State Planck’s quantum hypothesis of black body radiation
C4. Define photoelectric effect
C5. Discuss Einstein’s explanation of black body radiation
C6. Define de Broglie hypothesis
C7. Define uncertainty principle
C8. Discuss Davisson Germer experiment
C9. Define wavefunction
C10. List the properties of wavefunction
C11. Explain time independent Schrodinger equation
C12. Discuss particle in a box problem
C13. Discuss Thomson’s and Rutherford’s atom models
C14. Discuss the Bohr’s atom model
C15. Calculate the Bohr radius and total energy of an electron
C16. Explain Bohr’s interpretation of Hydrogen atom
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 167
C17. Discuss Sommerfield’s atom model
C18. Discuss vector atom model
C19. Explain quantum numbers in vector atom model
C20. Understand the coupling schemes and selection rules
C21. Mention different types of nuclei.
C22. Describe the properties of nucleus.
C23. Explain Binding energy.
C24. Calculate binding energy of nucleus.
C25. Describe Nuclear stability.
C26. State electron- proton hypothesis.
C27. State proton- neutron hypothesis.
C28. Describe nuclear force.
C29. Mention the features of nuclear force.
C30. List magic numbers.
C31. Explain natural radioactivity.
C32. Describe the experimental set up.
C33. Focus and distinguish between Properties of Alpha, Beta & Gamma rays.
C34. State Soddy Fajan’s displacement law.
C35. State law of radioactive disintegration.
C36. Determine the mean life of radioactive material.
C37. Define Units of radioactivity- Curie & Rutherford.
C38. Determine the age of earth.
C39. Determine the age of biological specimen – carbon dating.
C40. Define Q value.
C41. Calculate threshold energy of an endoergic reaction.
C42. Understand the conduction in solids
C43. Discuss p-n junction diode
C44. Explain diode characteristics
C45. Discuss rectification process
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 168
C46. Understand the working of Zener as a voltage regulator
C47. Define thermal run away
C48. Relate α, β and γ
C49. Explain different types of transistor configurations
C50. Describe Nuclear fission with examples.
C51. Calculate the energy released in a fission.
C52. Determine the energy released by 1Kg of uranium in fission. and express
the answer in Kilowatt- hour.
C53. Discuss Bohr and Wheeler’s theory of nuclear fission.
C54. Describe chain reaction with example.
C55. Define multiplication factor and categorize chain reaction.
C56. Discuss critical size for maintenance of chain reaction.
C57. Describe the working of atom bomb.
C58. Explain the components and working of nuclear reactor.
C59. Mention the uses of nuclear reactor.
C60. Describe Nuclear fusion with examples.
C61. Calculate the energy released in a fission.
C62. Discuss the source of stellar energy.
C63. Describe carbon – nitrogen and proton- proton Cycles.
C64. Discuss thermonuclear reaction.
C65. Describe hydrogen bomb and controlled thermonuclear reactions.
C66. List transuranic elements.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 169
BLUE PRINT
PH3CC3TB Quantum Mechanics, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics &
Electronics
Module Hours
54
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8
5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Elementary
Quantum Theory,
Spectroscopy
24 2/2 3/3 3/3 2/1 43/33
II
Introduction to
Nucleus &
Radioactivity
Nuclear fission &
Fusion
17 2/2 3/3 3/3 1/2 33/43
III
Electronics 13 1/1 2/2 2/2 1/1 25/25
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 170
Semester IV
PH4CC4TB Physical Optics, Laser Physics and Superconductivity
Credits - 3
Total lecture hours - 54 hrs
Aim
The syllabus will cater to the basic requirements for his/her higher studies. It is
expected to provide the learner the knowledge about interference, diffraction,
polarization of light, lasers, and superconductivity. It inculcates an appreciation
of the physical world and the discipline of physics.
Module I
Interference (12 hrs)
Interference of light - Principle of superposition - conditions for maximum and
minimum intensities - coherent sources - Interference by division of wave front
and division of amplitude - Young’s double slit experiment (division of wave
front) – Expression for fringe width - Newton’s rings by reflected light (division
of amplitude) - measurement of wavelength of sodium light by Newton’s rings -
interference in thin films.
Diffraction (8 hrs)
Introduction – Difference between Interference and diffraction - Fresnel and
Fraunhofer diffraction - Fresnel Diffraction at a straight edge - Theory of plane
transmission grating - Determination of wavelength (normal incidence) –
resolving power - dispersive power.
Text Book: AText book of Optics- N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and
M.N.Avadhanulu (S. Chand and Co.)
Module II
Polarization (15 hrs)
Polarization - preferential direction in a wave - polarized light - natural light -
production of linearly polarized light – polarization by reflection – Brewster’s
law - polarization by double refraction – calcite crystal – optic axis – principal
section – positive and negative crystals – Huygen’s explanation of double
refraction - phase difference between O and E rays – types of polarization –
retardation plates – Nicol prism – Malus’s law.
Text Book: Modern Physics, R Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, S. Chand
and Co.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 171
Module III
Lasers (10 hours)
Interaction of light and matter - quantum behavior of light - energy levels –
population - thermal equilibrium - absorption and emission of light - the three
processes - Einstein relation - condition for large stimulated emissions - condition
for light amplification - population inversion – pumping - active medium -
metastable state - pumping schemes - solid state lasers – ruby laser & yag laser -
gas laser – helium-neon laser - applications (basic ideas).
Text book : An Introduction to LASER – theory and applications, M.N.
Avadhanulu., S Chand & Company, First edition, Chapter 1- sections: 1.3 to
1.13-1.15 to 1.16 & 1.18 to1.20- Chapter 2- sections:2.2- 2.2.1 & 2.2.2 - 2.3 &
2.3.1. & Chapter 5.
Superconductivity (9 hrs)
Superconductivity - The Meissner effect - The BCS Theory - Classification of
Superconductors - Principle of magnetic levitation - The Josephson effect - High
Tc superconductivity - Applications.
Text book:Modern Physics – R Murugeshan- Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, S Chand
& Company, Chapter 41- Sections: 41.13-41-14 & 41.15- Chapter 42- Sections:
42.1 & 42.2 & Chapter 44 - Sections: 44.1- 44.5 &44.6
Refererence:
1. Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta (Affiliated East
West press Pvt. Ltd)
2. Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (Tata McGraw-Hill, 5th Edn.)
3. A text book of optics- N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and M.N.Avadhanulu (S.
Chand and Co.)
4. Optics- Satyaprakash (Ratan prakash Mandir)
5. Modern Physics- G.Aruldas and P.Rajagopal (PHI Pub)
6. Optics- A. Ghatak (Tata McGraw-Hill)
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 172
Competencies:
C1. Define interference of light
C2. State the principle of superposition
C3. Derive the conditions for maximum and minimum intensities
C4. Define coherent sources
C5. Discuss interference by division of wavefront and division of amplitude
C6. Explain Young’s double slit experiment
C7. Calculate the expression for fringe width
C8. Calculate the wavelength of sodium light by Newton’s rings experiment
C9. Discuss the interference in thin films
C10. Differentiate between Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction
C11. Discuss Fresnel’s diffraction at a straight edge
C12. Determine the wavelength of light using transmission grating
C13. Define resolving and dispersive powers
C14. Identify transverse and longitudinal waves
C15. Define polarization of light
C16. Discuss polarization by reflection
C17. State Brewster’s law
C18. Define optic axis, principal section, positive crystals and negative crystals
C19. State double refraction
C20. Describe Huygen’s explanation of double refraction
C21. Discuss retardation plates
C22. Understand Nicol prism
C23. State Malus’s law
C24. Explain the terms - Interaction of light and matter, Quantum behavior of
light, Energy levels, Population and Thermal equilibrium.
C25. Explain Absorption and emission of light.
C26. Categorize absorption and emission process.
C27. Describe Einstein coefficients.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 173
C28. Determine the relation between Einstein coefficients.
C29. Determine the condition for light amplification.
C30. Discuss population inversion.
C31. Define pumping.
C32. Define metastable state
C33. Describe the basic components of laser device.
C34. Explain different methods of pumping.
C35. Explain the construction and working of Ruby laser.
C36. Describe the working of YAG laser.
C37. Explain the construction and working of Helium – Neon laser.
C38. Describe Superconductivity.
C39. Define persistent current.
C40. Explain critical magnetic field.
C41. Write down the formula relating the temperature and critical magnetic field
C42. Explain Meissner effect
C43. Recognize that superconductors are diamagnetic materials.
C44. Explain BCS theory.
C45. Classify superconductors.
C46. Discuss magnetic levitation.
C47. Explain ac and dc Josephson effect.
C48. Mention high Tc superconductivity.
C49. List applications of superconductivity.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 174
BLUE PRINT
PH4CC4TB Physical Optics, Laser Physics & Superconductivity
Module Hours
54
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
5
Marks
10
Total
60
5 / 5 5 / 8 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Interference,Diffraction 20 1/3/3 2/2/3 2/3/3 2/1/1 35/32/34
II
Polarisation
15
3/1/1
2/2/3 3/2/3 1/2/1 32/35/32
III
Laser,Superconductivity
19 1/1/1 4/4/2 3/3/2 1/1/2 34/34/35
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 175
SYLLABUS FOR PRACTICAL
COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS FOR MATHEMATICS AND CHEMISTRY
PH2CM(C)1PB Practical (1stYear)
Credit: 2
No. of hours: 72
1. Vernier Calipers - Volume of a cylinder- sphere and a beaker
2. Screw gauge - Volume of a sphere and a glass plate
3. Beam balance - Mass of a solid (sensibility method)
4. Radius of a capillary tube- Using (1) travelling microscope
5. Density of a liquid - U-Tube and Hare’s apparatus
6. Viscosity of a liquid - Variable pressure head
7. Surface Tension – Capillary rise method.
8. Cantilever - Pin & Microscope – Determination of Young’s Modulus
9. Symmetric Compound Pendulum-Determination of radius of gyration(K)
and Acceleration due to gravity (g)
10. Spectrometer – Angle of the Prism.
11. Cantilever – Scale and Telescope-Determination of Young’s modulus
12. Asymmetric Compound Pendulum-Determination of K and g
13. Coefficient of Viscosity – Constant pressure head
14. Spectrometer - Refractive Index of material of prism.
15. Liquid lens - Refractive Index of glass using liquid of known refractive
index
16. Potentiometer-Calibration of low range voltmeter
17. Characteristics of Zener diode
18. Construction of half wave rectifier with and without filter – Ripple factor
and Load regulation
19. Characteristics of p-n junction diode
20. Torsion pendulum - Rigidity modulus
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 176
PH4CM(C)2PB Practical (2nd Year)
Credit: 2
No. of hours: 72
1. Non-uniform bending-Young’s modulus-Pin and Microscope method
2. Field along the axis of circular coil- Variation of magnetic field and
determination of BH
3. Carey Foster’s Bridge - Measurement of resistivity
4. Liquid lens - Refractive index of liquid
5. Searle’s vibration Magnetometer-magnetic moment
6. Tangent Galvanometer – Ammeter calibration
7. Spectrometer – Prism – Dispersive power
8. Potentiometer-Calibration of low range ammeter
9. Construction of full wave rectifier with and without filter – Ripple factor and
Load regulation
10. Construction of regulated power supply using Zener diode
11. Uniform bending – Young’s modulus-Optic lever method
12. Torsion pendulum (Equal mass method) - Rigidity modulus and Moment of
Inertia
13. Fly wheel - Moment of Inertia
14. Static Torsion - Rigidity modulus
15. Spectrometer - Grating Dispersive power
16. Newton’s rings - Wave length
17. Deflection and Vibration Magnetometer- m & Bh
18. Conversion of Galvanometer into voltmeter
19. Transistor characteristics- CE configuration
20. Gates – AND - OR- NOT- verification of truth table
21. Construction of CE amplifier – gain
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 177
References
1. Properties of matter - D.S. Mathur
2. Optics - Subrahmanyan & Brijlal
3. Electricity &Magnetism - Sreevastava
4. Electronics Lab Manual (Vol.1) - K.A.Navas
5. Laboratory manual for electronic devices and circuits- David A Bell
6. Electronic Laboratory Primer- A design approach- S Poorna Chandra and B
Sasikala.
7. A text book of Practical Physics _ Indu Prakash and Ramakrishnan.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 178
Semester V
PH5D01aTB Open course: Amateur Astronomy
Credits- 4
Total lecture hours: 72hrs
Aim
This course is intended for students of other disciplines. The main objective
is to introduce the student to the fascinating world of Astronomy. The course
is expected to provide basic ideas and resources to a student who is
interested in getting started with astronomy and give answers to many
intriguing astronomical puzzles.
Course Overview and Context
Astronomy is the study of the stars, planets, and other celestial objects that
populate the sky. It is an endlessly fascinating field, the oldest of the natural
sciences, and one of the few areas of science that amateurs can directly assist
the professionals. It is open and accessible for any level of interest and
involvement from common man to astrophysicists.
This course covers fundamental topics like stars, constellations, galaxies,
solar system and the universe. It also gives information about the tools of
astronomy.
Module 1
Observation of sky- 18 hrs
Constellations -Celestial coordinates – Location on the celestial sphere –
Apparent daily and annual motion of the stars – The ecliptic - Earth’s
seasons – Equinoxes and solstices – The solar and sidereal day
Text Book :Architecture of the Universe -Necia H. Apfel & Allen Hynek-
The Benjamin Cummings publishing company, Inc.,
The tools of Astronomy- Optical Telescope - refracting telescope, reflecting
telescope – Resolving power – Magnification – Telescope aberration –
Hubble Space telescope – Radio Telescope – GMRT
Text Book : Astronomy: A Self-Teaching Guide – Dinah L. Moche, Wiley,
6th edn., Chapters 1 and 2
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 179
Module II
Stars and Galaxies – 18 hrs
Distance to stars, Parallax method – Spectra of stars – Spectral classes –
temperature – Luminosity – apparent and absolute magnitudes – H – R
Diagram
Galaxy – Milky Way- classification of galaxies - Cluster of galaxies.
Stellar Evolution – Life cycle of stars – birth, lifetimes, Shining stars, Old
age – Red giants – synthesis of heavier elements – Variable stars – Death –
Mass Loss – White dwarfs – Exploding stars – Supernova – Neutron stars –
Black holes
Text Book : Astronomy : A Self-Teaching Guide – Dinah L. Moche, Wiley,
6th edn., Chapters 3, 5 and 6
Module III
The Solar system – 18 hrs
The sun- distance and size – structure – Rotation - surface – sunspots –
Activity cycles – Magnetism – Flares and coronal mass ejections – Solar
wind
Planets – Brief history and Origin – Laws of planetary motion – Comparison
of Planets - Mercury – Venus – Earth – Mars – Jupiter – Saturn – Uranus –
Neptune (Structure, atmosphere, Surface features – Moons of all planets)
Moon- rotation, size, density – Surface features – Craters, Mountains –
Structure - Lunar and solar eclipse
Minor members of the solar system- Asteroids, comets and meteors
Text Book : Astronomy : A Self-Teaching Guide – Dinah L. Moche, Wiley,
6th edn., Chapters 4, 8, 9, 10 and 11
Module IV
Our universe – 18 hrs
Early models of universe- Earth at the centre- Aristotle- Ptolemy- a spinning
earth- unanswered questions- Sun at the centre- Copernican model. Planetary
paths- Beyond the eye- Galileo and his observations - Starry messenger-
force of gravity.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 180
Text Book :Architecture of the Universe -Necia H. Apfel & Allen Hynek-
The Benjamin Cummings publishing company, Inc., (ch- 3, 4, 8& 9)
The expanding universe- Hubble’s law - Big bang theory – Steady state
theory - age and size of universe. Extraterrestrial Life, SETI (Search for
extra terrestrial intelligence) – Space Travel
Text Book :Astronomy : A Self-Teaching Guide – Dinah L. Moche, Wiley,
6th edn., Chapters 7 and 12
References
1. Concepts of Contemporary Astronomy – Paul W. Hodge, Mc Graw _ Hill
2. Astronomy: A Beginners Guide To The Universe - Steve Mcmillan and
Eric Chaisson, Pearson Education
3. Understanding the Universe, James B. Seaborn, Springer
4. Elements of Cosmology, Jayant V. Narlikar, Universities Press
5. Introduction to Astrophysics. Baidyanath Basu:,Prentice-Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd
6. Astrophysics of the Solar System, K. D. Abhyankar ,Universities Press
7. Chandrasekhar and his limit – G Venkataraman, University Press
Competencies
C1. Define constellations.
C2. Understand the location of stars with the help of celestial coordinates.
C3. Compare the apparent daily and annual motion of the stars.
C4. Explain the seasons on Earth.
C5. Define a sidereal day and solar day and explain why they differ.
C6. Compare the working of optical telescopes.
C7. Define resolving power and magnification with respect to a telescope.
C8. Discuss the defects in a telescope.
C9. Describe Hubble space telescope.
C10. Explain how radio telescopes work with the example of GMRT.
C11. Describe the parallax method for determining the distance to stars.
C12. Give a general description of the stellar spectra and how they are
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 181
divided into spectral classes.
C13. List the different kinds of information that are obtained from stellar
spectra.
C14. Distinguish between apparent and absolute magnitude.
C15. Describe the H – R diagram.
C16. Define a galaxy and discuss about milkyway.
C17. Classify the different galaxies and discuss about them.
C18. Define a cluster of galaxies.
C19. Describe the different stages in the life cycle of a star.
C20. Compare and contrast the final stages of the life cycle of stars of
different masses.
C21. List the basic physical dimensions of the sun.
C22. Sketch the structure of the sun and identify and describe the different
regions.
C23. Describe the Sun’s rotation and magnetic field.
C24. Describe the origin, properties and cyclic nature of sunspots and
explain how they are related to solar activity.
C25. Describe the surface of the sun and compare and contrast the nature of
different features that originate from the surface
C26. State Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.
C27.Compare and contrast the general properties, surface conditions,
atmospheres and moons of the 8 planets.
C28. List the physical parameters of the moon.
C29. Describe the general surface features of the moon.
C30. Explain the current model of moon’s internal structure.
C31. Differentiate and describe lunar and solar eclipses.
C32. Discuss about the minor members of the solar system.
C33. Discuss about the early models of the universe and differentiate them.
C34. Explain what is meant by starry messenger.
C35. Specify the reasons for the idea that the universe is expanding.
C36. State the Hubble’s law.
C37. Discuss the theories about the evolution of the universe.
C38. Discuss how one can estimate the age and size of the universe.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 182
BLUE PRINT
PH5D01aTB Open course: Amateur Astronomy
Module Hours
72
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
6
Marks
15
Total
80
6/6 7/10 5/8
2/4 80/134
I
Observation
of sky
18 2/1 2/3 2 1 33/34
II
Stars and
Galaxies
18 1/2
3/2 2 1 34/33
III
The Solar
system
18 2/1 2/3 2 1 33/34
IV
Our universe 18 1/2 3/2 2 1 34/33
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 183
Semester V
PH5D01bTB Open course: Energy and Environmental Studies
Credits – 4
No. of contact hours – 72
Aim
The course creates concern among the students on energy conservation and
environmental protection.
Course Overview and context
Energy and Environmental Studies focuses on the large-scale issues and
contributes to possible solutions to the energy and environmental challenges. It
seeks solutions to the environmental issues on a global scale, like climate change,
sustainable development, greenhouse effect etc. and explores the alternative
sources of energy. This course covers the various energy sources, utilisation of
solar energy. It also points our attention to topics such as environmental
pollution, environment impact assessment and control, waste management etc.
Module I
Energy sources (14 hrs)
World’s reserve of energy sources - various forms of energy - non-
renewableenergy sources:- coal, oil, natural gas; merits and demerits - renewable
energysources:- solar energy, biomass energy, biogas energy, wind energy, wave
energy,tidal energy, hydro energy, geothermal, fusion energy, hydrogen; merits
anddemerits - storage of intermittently generated renewable energy (qualitative).
Text Books
1. Renewable Energy sources; Their impact on Global Warming and Pollution,
Tasneem Abbasi and S.A. Abbasi (PHI Pvt. Ltd)
2. Non- conventional energy resources D.S Chauhan and S.K Srivastava (New
Age International)
Solar energy utilization (16 hrs)
Sun as a source of energy - solar radiation - spectral distribution - flat plate
collector- solar water heating – different types of solar water heaters - solar pond
-convective and salt gradient types - optical concentrator - solar desalination –
solardryer – direct and indirect type - solar cooker - direct and indirect type -
solar heatingof buildings - solar green houses- solar photovoltaics - working
principle.
Text Book: Non-conventional Energy Sources- G.D. Rai (Khanna Publishers)
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 184
Module II
Environmental pollution (20 hrs)
Basic concepts of ecology and environment - environmental pollution:-primary
and secondary pollutants, classification - environmental degradation(causes,
effects and control/treatment methods):- air pollution:- green house gases,global
warming, climatic effects, water pollution, soil pollution, groundwaterpollution,
marine pollution, noise pollution, nuclear hazards – environmentalpollution due
to environmental disasters.
Text Books
1. Essential Environmental Studies S.P Misra, S.N Pandey (Ane Books Pvt
Ltd)
2. Environmental Science: Principles and Practice- R.C. Das and D.K.
Behera (PHI Pvt. Ltd)
3. Environmental chemistry and pollution control S.S Dara (S. Chand)
Module III
Environment impact assessment and control ( 8 hrs)
Basic ideas of environment impact assessment - environment ethics -
environmental laws and constitutional provisions to control pollutions in India:-
thegeneral acts , water and air acts , environment protection acts.
Text Books
1. Environmental Science: Principles and Practice- R.C. Das and D.K.
Behera (PHI Pvt.Ltd)
2. Environmental Pollution - R K Khitoliya (S Chand)
3. Essential Environmental Studies S.P Misra, S.N Pandey (Ane Books Pvt
Ltd)
Waste management (14 hrs)
Waste minimization and resource conservation:- source reduction,recycling ,
conservation and waste minimization - management of solid wastes(management
and handling):- hazardous solid waste, municipal solid wastes,biomedical solid
wastes - waste treatment and disposal methods:- physical,biological and chemical
process- biogas plant-moving dome type.
Text Books
1. Environmental Science: Principles and Practice- R.C. Das and D.K.
Behera (PHI Pvt. Ltd)
2. Environmental chemistry and pollution control S.S Dara (S. Chand)
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 185
3. Biotechnology for waste and wastewater treatment- N.P. Cheremisinoff
(PHI Pvt.Ltd)
4. Environmental management- B. Krishnamoorthy (PHI Pvt. Ltd)
References
1. Essential Environmental Studies S.P Misra, S.N Pandey (Ane Books Pvt
Ltd)
2. Environmental Science G Tyler Miller (Cengage Learning)
3. Introduction to Environmental Science Y Anjaneyulu (B S Publications)
4. Introduction to Environmental engineering and science- G.M. Masters and
W.P.Ela(PHI Pvt. Ltd)
5. Environmental management- B. Krishnamoorthy (PHI Pvt. Ltd)
6. Solar energy- fundamentals and applications- H.P. Garg and J. Prakash
(Tata Mc GrawHill).
7. Solar energy-fundamentals, design, modeling and applications- G.N.
Tiwari (Narosa Pub. House)
Competencies
C1. Discuss about world’s reserve of energy sources.
C2. Differentiate between non – renewable and renewable energy sources
with examples.
C3. Discuss the merits and demerits of renewable and non – renewable
energy sources.
C4. Explain how storage, transportation and distribution of energy can be
done.
C5. Define solar radiation, spectral distribution and sunshine hours.
C6. Discuss the various practical applications of solar energy.
C7. Define solar thermo – mechanical power and discuss an application.
C8. Discuss the economic aspects of solar energy usage.
C9. Acquire skills in optimizing the energy usage.
C10. Identify and classify various environmental pollutants.
C11. Explain Green house effect and global warming.
C12. Discuss the relation between environmental pollution and climatic
changes.
C13. Assess the impacts of pollution on water, soil and ground water.
C14. Identify the reasons for marine and noise pollution.
C15. Discuss the environmental disasters caused by pollution.
C16. Discuss the basic ideas of assessment of environmental impacts.
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 186
C17. Explain the term environmental ethics.
C18. Discuss the environmental laws and constitutional provisions to control
pollutions in India
C19. Discuss different methods for waste minimization and resource
conservation.
C20. Discuss the management and handling of different types of solid waste.
C21. Classify waste treatment and disposal methods into different categories.
C22. What is a bio gas plant? Discuss the moving dome type.
BLUE PRINT
PH5D01bTB Open course: Energy and Environmental Studies
Module Hours
72
Marks
1
Marks
2
Marks
6
Marks
15
Total
60
6/6 7/10 5/8
2/4 60/101
I
Energy sources
Solar energy
utilization
30 2 3 3 2 56
II
Environmental
pollution
20 3 4 2 1 38
III
Environment
impact
assessment &
control, Waste
management
22 1 3 3 1 40
Curriculum and syllabus 2015 admissions onwards
Bachelor’s Programme in Physics, St. Teresa’s College(Autonomous), Ernakulam 187
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