25. The volume of a given mass of water at a temperature of T1 is V1 . The volume increases to V2 at temperature T2 . The coefficient of volume expansion of water may be calculated from
A. VT
VT
2
2
1
1
− .
B. V VT T
2 1
2 1
−−
.
C. V VV T T
2 1
1 2 1
−−( )
.
D. V VV T T
2 1
2 2 1
−−( )
.
Specimen
26. The commercial production of energy by nuclear fusion is not yet possible mainly due to difficultieswith
A. obtaining plentiful supplies of a suitable fuel.
B. reaching the high temperatures required.
C. confiningthehotplasma.
D. disposing of the radioactive waste products.
27. A wind generator produces 5.0 kW of power for a wind speed of 6.0 m s–1. The best estimate for the power produced for a wind speed of 12.0 m s–1 is
A. 10 kW.
B. 25 kW.
C. 40 kW.
D. 125 kW.
28. It is hypothesized that globalwarmingmay lead to significant changes in the average sea-level.This hypothesis assumes that
A. average rainfall will increase.
B. icebergs will melt.
C. glaciers will melt.
D. the rate of evaporation of seawater will increase.
Specimen
29. Two black bodies X and Y are at different temperatures. The temperature of body Y is higher than that of body X. Which of the following shows the black body spectra for the two bodies?
A. Intensity X
Y
B. Intensity Y
X
wavelength wavelength
C. Intensity Y
X
D. Intensity X
Y
wavelength wavelength
30. ThediagrambelowshowsasimplifiedmodeloftheenergybalanceforEarth.
incident intensity 340 W m–2
reflectedintensity radiatedintensity 100 W m–2 240 W m–2
atmosphere
re-radiated intensity 2 W m–2
Earth surface
The albedo of the Earth according to this model is equal to
A. 2340
.
B. 100340
.
C. 238340
.
D. 240340
.
Specimen
25. Theefficiencyofamodernnaturalgaspowerstationisapproximately
A. 10%.
B. 50%.
C. �5%.
D. 90%.
26. The energy source that currently provides the greatest proportion of the world’s total energydemandis
A. coal.
B. oil.
C. naturalgas.
D. uranium.
27. Inanuclearpowerstation,uraniumisusedas theenergysourceandplutonium-239 isproduced.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A. Plutonium-239isproducedbynuclearfusion.
B. Amoderatorisusedtoabsorbplutonium-239.
C. Controlrodsareusedtoslowdownplutonium-239.
D. Plutonium-239canbeusedasafuelinanothertypeofnuclearreactor.
28. Onedisadvantageofusingphotovoltaiccellstopoweradomesticwaterheateristhat
A. solarenergyisarenewablesourceofenergy.
B. thepowerradiatedbytheSunvariessignificantlydependingontheweather.
C. alargeareaofphotovoltaiccellswouldbeneeded.
D. photovoltaiccellscontainCFCs,whichcontributetothegreenhouseeffect.
2009 May/June T1
2209-6510
29. Greenhousegases
A. reflectinfraredradiationbutabsorbultravioletradiation.
B. reflectultravioletradiationbutabsorbinfraredradiation.
C. transmitinfraredradiationbutabsorbultravioletradiation.
D. transmitultravioletradiationbutabsorbinfraredradiation.
30. Therateofglobalwarmingmightbereducedby
A. replacingtheuseofcoalandoilwithnaturalgas.
B. areductionintheEarth’salbedo.
C. areductionincarbonfixation.
D. anincreaseindeforestation.
2009 May/June T1
25. Theunitofenergydensityofafuelis
A. Jm–2.
B. Jm–3.
C. Jkg–1.
D. kgJ–1.
26. Whichofthefollowingisthebestestimatefortheoverallefficiencyofatypicalcoalpowerstation?
A. 5%
B. 30%
C. 60%
D. 90%
27. Whensunlightisincidentonasolarcellanelectriccurrentisproduced.Thisisdueto
A. atemperaturegradientwithinthecell.
B. verylongwavelengthinfraredradiation.
C. veryshortultravioletradiation.
D. thephotoelectriceffect.
2009 May/June T2
28. ThepowerperunitlengthPofanoscillatingwatercolumn(OWC)isduetotheactionofasurfacewaveofamplitudeA.WhichofthefollowingcorrectlyrelatesPandA,andcorrectlyidentifiesthenatureoftheenergyofthewatercolumn?
Relation between P and A Nature of energy
A. P∝A kinetic
B. P∝A kineticandpotential
C. P∝A2 kinetic
D. P∝A2 kineticandpotential
29. TheaveragetemperatureofthesurfaceoftheSunisabout20timesmorethantheaveragesurfacetemperatureoftheEarth.TheaveragepowerperunitarearadiatedbytheEarthisP.TheaveragepowerperunitarearadiatedbytheSunis
A. 20P.
B. 400P.
C. 8000P.
D. 160000P.
30. GlobalwarmingreducestheiceandsnowcoveronEarth.WhichofthefollowingcorrectlydescribesthechangesinalbedoandrateofenergyabsorptionbyEarth?
Albedo Rate of energy absorption
A. increase increase
B. decrease increase
C. increase decrease
D. decrease decrease
2009 May/June T2
25. WhichofthefollowingenergysourcesresultsfromthesolarenergyincidentonEarth?
A. Nuclearfission
B. Windenergy
C. Nuclearfusion
D. Geothermalenergy
26. Whichofthefollowingisarenewableandnon-renewableenergysource?
Renewable Non-renewable
A. uranium coal
B. tidal uranium
C. uranium biogas
D. naturalgas biogas
2009 Oct/Nov T0
27. A thermal power station is 20% efficient and generates useful electrical power at 1000MW.Thefossilfuelused has an energy density of 50MJkg–1. The mass of fuel in kg consumedevery second is givenbywhichofthefollowing?
A. 0.01
B. 0.25
C. 4
D. 100
28. Whichofthefollowingislikelytoincreasegreenhousegasconcentrationsintheatmosphere?
A. Usingnaturalgasinsteadofcoaltogenerateelectricalenergy
B. Incinerationofwastetogenerateelectricalenergy
C. Increaseduseofwindturbinestogenerateelectricalenergy
D. Carbondioxidecaptureandstorageatthepowerstation
29. Venus and Earth may be regarded as behaving as black bodies. The mean temperature at thesurfaceofVenusisabout600KandatthesurfaceofEarthisabout300K.Whichofthefollowingis thebestestimatefor theratio
powerradiatedperunitareaonEarthpowerradiatedperuniitareaonVenus
?
A. 12.
B. 14.
C. 18.
D. 116
.
2009 Oct/Nov T0
30. Inanuclearpowerstation,amoderatorisrequiredto
A. controltherateoffission.
B. reduceheatlossestothesurroundings.
C. reducetheenergyofhighenergyneutrons.
D. increasetheenergyoflowenergyneutrons.
2009 Oct/Nov T0
25. Thenuclearreaction
12 H + H He + n1
324
01→
isanexampleof
A. nuclearfission.
B. radioactivedecay.
C. nuclearfusion.
D. artificialtransmutation.
26. Degradedenergyisenergythatis
A. storedintheEarth’satmosphere.
B. availablefromnon-renewableenergysources.
C. convertedintoworkinacyclicalprocess.
D. nolongeravailablefortheperformanceofusefulwork.
27. Whichofthefollowingcorrectlydescribesboththeroleofthemoderatorandofthecontrolrodsinanuclearreactor?
Moderator Control rods
A. slowsdowntheneutrons maintainaconstantrateoffission
B. coolsdownthereactor extractthermalenergy
C. coolsdownthereactor maintainaconstantrateoffission
D. slowsdowntheneutrons extractthermalenergy
2010 May/June T1
28. Which of the following correctly shows the energy change in a photovoltaic cell and in asolarheatingpanel?
Photovoltaic cell Solar heating panel
A. solar→ electrical solar→ thermal
B. electrical→ thermal solar→ electrical
C. solar→ electrical electrical→ thermal
D. electrical→ thermal solar→ thermal
29. Thealbedofortheoceansislowerthanthatforglaciers.Thisisbecause,comparedtoice,seawater
A. hasagreaterdensity.
B. hasagreaterspecificheatcapacity.
C. hasagreatercoefficientofvolumeexpansion.
D. absorbsagreateramountofradiativepower.
30. Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoreducetheenhancedgreenhouseeffect?
A. Replacetheuseofgaspoweredstationswithoilpoweredstations
B. Replacecoal-firedpowerstationswithnuclearpowerstations
C. Increasetheuseofallnon-renewableenergysources
D. Decreasetheefficiencyofpowerproduction
2010 May/June T1
25. Whichofthefollowingcorrectlyshowsarenewableandanon-renewablesourceofenergy?
Renewable Non-renewable
A. oil geothermal
B. wind biofuels
C. oceanwaves nuclear
D. naturalgas coal
26. Criticalmassreferstotheamountoffissilematerialthat
A. willallowfissiontobesustained.
B. isequivalentto235gofuranium.
C. willproduceagrowingchainreaction.
D. istheminimummassnecessaryforfissiontotakeplace.
27. The annual variations of solar power incident per unit area at a particular point on theEarth’s surface is mainlydue to the change in the
A. distancebetweentheEarthandtheSun.
B. angleatwhichthesolarrayshitthesurfaceoftheEarth.
C. averagealbedooftheEarth.
D. averagecloudcoveroftheEarth.
2010 May/June T2
28. The water in a reservoir behind a dam drops from an initial height H0 above a turbine toproducehydroelectricity. At time t = T,h =0.
h = H0
h = 0
water
dam
turbine
Thegraphshowsthevariationwithtimetoftheheighthofthewaterabovetheturbine.
hH0
00 T t
Whichofthefollowingisameasureofthemaximumtheoreticalelectricpoweravailable?
A. H0andtheslopeofthegraph
B. Tandtheslopeofthegraph
C. Tandtheareaunderthegraph
D. H0andtheareaunderthegraph
2010 May/June T2
29. EachsquaremetreoftheSun’ssurfaceemitsSjoulespersecond.TheradiusoftheSunisr,andthe Sun is at amean distanceR from the Earth. Which of the following gives the solar powerincidentperunitareaof the top layerof theEarth’satmosphere?
A.rR
S
B.rR
S
2
C.Rr
S
D.Rr
S
2
30. Thediagramshowsasimpleclimatemodel forEarth. The temperatureof theground isTgand isassumedtoradiateasablackbody.ThetemperatureoftheatmosphereisTaandhasanemissivityε .
atmosphere
ground
Inthemodel,theintensityradiatedfromthegroundequalstheintensityradiatedfromtheatmosphere
towardstheground.WhatistheratioTTg
a?
A. ε 4
B. ε
C. ε 14
D. 1
2010 May/June T2
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