Part of Made in India,Design Innovation
Workshop,2015
A Fresh New Experience in
Project-‐Making and Learning
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON
NOR GATE USING TRANSISTORS
Do you know what controls the mixing machine that blends ingredients? The concept of a 2-‐input NOR gate will help you understand this; it has two inputs (A and B) and only one output (Q). Each ingredient is stored in the hopper. Inside the hopper a proximity switch is mounted which acts as a sensor.
If the level of any of the ingredients is below the minimum level, the corresponding sensor will send input 1 to the NOR gate, causing the output to go low and hence, the mixer turns OFF.
However, if the level of all the ingredients is above the minimum level, only then the sensors will provide inputs 0 to the NOR gate, causing its output to be high and hence, the mixer turns on.
In this project, you will make a NOR gate logic circuit using two transistors (Q1 and Q2), four resistors, an LED and a few connecSng wires. The emiTer of Q1is connected to the emiTer of Q2. Similarly, the collectors of the two transistors are connected to each other. Two wires are connected to
the leV leg of the base resistors. Each connecSng wire represents the input. This input could be either 1 or 0, where 1 stands for Vcc (posiSve/high voltage) and 0 stands for ground (negaSve/low voltage).
To provide the respecSve inputs, the truth table of OR gate is followed.
Input A Input B Output Q0 0 10 1 01 0 01 1 0
On providing the inputs, if the LED glows this means output Q = 1 or high. If the LED does not glow, the output Q = 0 or low. AVer verifying the experimental outputs in four different cases of the inputs, we do the ‘path of current’ analysis and reason out why the LED glows in each case.
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