Physical properties
Physical property: a property that can be observed without
changing the identity of the substance.
Science Starter Week 5
• Explain the difference between weight and mass.
Examples of physical properties
-Color -state of matter-Size -ductility-Shape -density-Odor -malleability-Mass -thermal conductivity-Volume-Magnetism-solubility
malleability:
• the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet
ductility:
• the ability to be stretched into a wire
5 states of matter
• Solid• Liquid• Gas• Plasma• Bose-Einstien condensate
States of matter
States of matter - solids• definite volume • Definite shape. • packed close together (very dense)• movement is very small and cannot
be observed under ordinary conditions.
• examples:
States of matter - liquid• definite volume• take the shape of their container. • particles touch and move around. • densities of liquid will be close to that of a solid (dense)• molecules can move by flowing• examples:
States of matter - gas• no definite volume • No definite shape• spread out indefinitely or take
the shape of their container. • low density• Examples:
States of matter – plasma• Plasma is super charged gases• Plasmas are the most common state of matter in
the universe comprising more than 99% of our visible universe and most of that not visible.
• occurring in the sun, flames, lightning and the auroras
• Very very low density
States of matter – Bose-Einstein condensate
• can be thought of as the opposite of a plasma. • It occurs at ultra-low temperature, close to the
point that the atoms are not moving at all. • gaseous superfluid phase formed by atoms
cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero
• phenomenon was predicted in the 1920s by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein
Melting point:
• the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a given pressure
water = 0oC 32F
Boiling point:
• the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a given pressure
water = 100oC 212F
specific heat
solubility
Density
• Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume.
• Density can be used to identify a substance.
• The density of water is 1.0g/mL
Density Calculations
• Calculations:D = m/V = g/mL = g/cm3
• Ex: A cube has a mass of 2.8 g and occupies a volume of 3.67 ml. Would this object float or sink in water?
Mass = 2.8 g Volume = 3.67 mLD = 2.8g/3.67 mL= 0.76 g/mL
– This object would float in water because its density is less than water (1.0 g/mL).
More Density Calculations
• Ex: A liquid has a mass of 25.6 g and a volume of 31.6 mL. Use the table below to identify the substance.
Substance Density (g/ mL)
Mercury 13.6
Water 1.00
Ethanol 0.81
M=25.6 g V=31.6 mL
D = 25.6 g/31.6 mL
D= 0.81 g/mL
The substance is ethanol.
Physical changes
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