1  

Upward  and  Downward  movements  No  movement  •  Type  of  contrac6on  -­‐    •  Muscle  stays  same  length  Upward  movement  •  Type  of  contrac6on  -­‐    •  Muscle  shortens  Downward  movement  •  Type  of  contrac6on  -­‐    •  Muscle  lengthens  

Concentric

Isometric

Eccentric

2  

Press  ups  –  A-­‐B  

Pressing up

Joint – elbow

Joint action =

Muscle action -

Agonist =

Plane/axis =

Extension Concentric

Triceps

Sagittal/transverse

3  

Press  ups  –  B-­‐A  

Lowering down

Joint action =

Muscle action –

Agonist =

Flexion Eccentric

Triceps

Control  of  heart  rate  –  Typical  ques6ons  

Jan  10  Qu  2.  (c)  During  a  game,  a  player’s  work  rate  will  vary.    Describe  how  the  

 parasympathe*c  and  the  sympathe*c  nerve  pathways  control  heart    rate    during  a  game.        (4  marks)  

   

May  10  Qu  1  (b)  (ii)    Explain  how  rising  levels  of  carbon  dioxide  cause  an  increase  in  cardiac  

 output.            (4  marks)    

5

Changing heart rate

•  SAN sets heart rate - •  Nerves act as •  Vagus/parasympathetic nerve •  Sympathetic nerve

intrinsic brake and accelerator

slows heart speeds up heart

6

Cause of change in heart rate

•  Exercise – •  Increased •  Detected by •  Impulses to •  Changes to heart rate via

chemoreceptors medulla

vagus / parasympathetic – reduced effect

acidity / (lower pH) more CO2 in blood

and sympathetic nerves – speeds up