2. Contents
3. Introduction Natural protected areas in Catalonia www.gencat.cat(accessed 15/3/2010) 4. Introduction Background
5. Introduction This thesis is aimed at
6. Introduction Global change IPCC (2007) 7. Introduction Global change Foley et al. (2005) Science 8. Sala et al. (2000) Science Introduction Global change in the Mediterranean 9. Research questions
10. Research questions
11.
Research questions 12. Study areas: Matadepera and Olzinelles (BMR) Matadepera Catalonia 13. Study areas: Matadepera and Olzinelles (BMR) Courtesy of G. Estany Scrubland Dry land Cork oak forest Holm oak forest Mixed forest Riverside forest Urban Roads Unproductive 14. Courtesy of J.L. Hernndez Study areas: Matadepera 2007 1940? 15. Study areas: Olzinelles ~ 1980 2007 Can Pota, abandoned farmhouse 16. Case study 1 Loss of water availability and stream biodiversity under land abandonment and climate change in a Mediterranean catchment (Olzinelles valley) Under review inLand Use Policy I. Otero, M. Boada, A. Badia, E. Pla, J. Vayreda, S. Sabat, C.A. Gracia, J. Peuelas 17. Case study 1 Introduction Piol et al. (1998) Clim. Change 18. Case study 1 Introduction Gallart & Llorens (2003) Water Int. 19. Case study 1 Study site: Olzinelles valley
20. Case study 1 Methods
21. Case study 1 Results: depopulation 22. Case study 1 Results: afforestation (1956-2002) 0.0 0.0 100.0 827.6 100.0 827.6 Total area 0.0 0.2 0.2 1.3 0.1 1.1 Bare soil 0.3 2.4 0.5 3.9 0.2 1.6 Houses ( masos ) -0.1 -1.2 0.3 2.3 0.4 3.5 Shrubland1.8 15.3 2.9 24.0 1.0 8.7 Plantation of plane trees and poplars -4.4 -36.1 3.1 25.3 7.4 61.5 Fields 2.4 19.5 93.1 770.8 90.8 751.3 Forest %ha % ha % ha 56-02 2002 1956 Land-cover 23. Case study 1 Results: farmland transformation (1956-2002) 24. Case study 1 Results:decrease in firewood fellingOtero et al. (2008) ICHN 25. Case study 1 Results: afforestation reforestation + tree density 2002 1956 26. Case study 1 Results: warmingincreased aridity 27. Case study 1 Results: validation of simulation Bernal & Sabater (2008) Hydrol. Process. Acua et al. (2007) J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. Bernal et al. (2006)BiogeochemistrySabater et al. (2008) Sci. Total Environ. 79 96 3 675.7 15.1 125-558 8.3 Olzinelles 98 Forest cover (%) 136 Average discharge 1/2001-7/2002 (ls -1 ) 2 Agrarian cover (%) 709.6 Mean annual R 1997-2003 (mm) 13.8 Mean annual T 1997-2003 (C) 95-773 Altitudinal gradient (m) 10.5 Catchment area (km 2 ) Fuirosos 28. Case study 1 Results: simulated runoff 29. Case study 1 Results: simulated runoff-rainfall ratio 30. Case study 1 Results: loss of fauna species( 1980s ) Vulnerable Austropotamobius pallipes White-clawed crayfish Least concern Squalius cephalus Chub Vulnerable Arvicola sapidus Water vole Near threatened Barbus meridionalis Mediterranean barbel Critically endangered Anguilla anguilla European eel IUCN Red List status Scientific name Common name 31. Case study 1 Conclusions
32. Case study 2 Socioecological heritage inMediterranean landscapes.The case of the old municipality of Olzinelles To be submitted toEcology and Society I. Otero, M. Boada, J.D. Tbara 33. Case study 2 Introduction: global biocultural diversity Maffi (2005) Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 34. Case study 2 Introduction The morning when we put his body in the cemetery of Olzinelles, all those landscapes became smaller; lost size, contrast and depth Perejaume Josep Travesa (1930-2006) 35. Courtesy of S. Piqueras Case study 2 Introduction: Can Pau Foguera 36. Case study 2 Study site: Olzinelles municipality
Catalonia 37. Case study 2 Methods
38. Case study 2 Results: uneven access to land (1853) 9.8 231.1 77.3 187 100 %study area ha % No. owners estate size ( ha ) 39. Case study 2 Results: changing land-uses with estate size (1853) 74.1 6.4 18.6 Agrarian 25.9 93.6 81.4 Forest 20.4 36.4 31.3 Uncultivated0.7 0.2 0.6 Chestnut0.5 0.4 0.4 Poplar groves 2.8 40.6 35.2 Firewood forest 0.1 5.9 5.1 Timber forest 1.4 10.1 8.9 Cork oak forest 57.1 3.3 12.1 Vineyard 17.0 2.8 6.2 Dry land 0.0 0.3 0.3 Irrigated land % < 3 ha % > 100 ha % tax. area Land-use 40. Case study 2 Results: forest management (example) Cork oak stands ( Quercus suber ) Coppice selection every 7-10 y with cycles of 21-30 y.Sprout selection. Slashing of understorey. Uprooting stumps. Charcoal making.Grazing by pig herds and sheep flocks. Debarking every 14-17 y. Coppice selection. Felling competitor species. Selective slashing of understorey every 20 y.Charcoal making. (Acorn) grazing by pig herds and sheep flocks. Cultivating fodders, cereals, and vegetables. Holm oak stands ( Quercus ilex ) 41. Case study 2 Results: dry land farming (vineyards) Medicinal and aromatic plants; fruit trees; fodders.Secondary crops Planting new vines, hoeing, fertilizing and pruning. Ploughing and grafting vines older than 3 y. Pruning buds, leafs, shoots. Fumigating with S and copper sulphate. Harvesting. Treading and pressing the grapes, boiling, fermentation.Vine farming, production of wine. Cultivation in steep slopes, vines laid out in zigzag, no terracing.Controlling soil erosion and collecting water by zigzag draining ditches. Conserving soil fertility: animal and green manure. 42. Case study 2 Results: integration and adaptation of productive activities 43. Photographic Archives of Sant Celoni Case study 2 Results: transmission of knowledge 44.
Case study 2 Results: spirituality in nature 45. Case study 2 Results: cultivation of space M. Boada Perejaume oil on wood 11 x 17.5 cm 46. Case study 2 Results: sociodemographic changes 47. Case study 2 Results: transformation of SES 48. Case study 2 Results: land-cover changes (1850s-2008) 49. Case study 2 Results: declining species Species Area Group n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.p. n.p. n.p. n.p. n.p. Maniola jurtina Polyommatus icarus Lycaena phlaeas Leptotes pirithous Colias crocea Olzinelles Butterflies CR VU VU LC LC LC LC LC n.p. n.p. n.p. n.p. n.p. n.p. n.p. n.p. Geranium lanuginosum Orobanche artemisiae-campestris picrides Spergularia purpurea Erica cinerea Helianthemum tuberaria Isoetes durieui Orobanche teucrii Stachys alpina Montnegre MountainsPlants Cat. IUCN 50. Case study 2 Results: declining species Mammals Birds Reptiles Group n.e. n.e.LC LC Talpa europaea Lepus europaeus Olzinelles VU DD NT NT LC NT LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC Alectoris rufaCoturnix coturnixJynx torquillaLanius senatorMiliaria calandraGalerida cristataAlauda arvensisUpupa epops Emberiza cirlus Olzinelles n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. NTLC LC LC LC n.p. Timon lepidus Psammodromus jeanneae Rhinechis scalaris Malpolon monspessulanus Coronella girondica Anguis fragilis Olzinelles Cat. IUCN Species Area 51. Case study 2 Conclusions
52. Case study 2 Conclusions When you were in Can Pau Foguera, it was not at all nostalgic, it was rather the other way around. It was more like a revolutionary vision, as far as you could realize that there was another possibility in the world: a parallel world Perejaume 53. Case study 3 Water scarcity, social power and the production of an elite suburb.The political ecology of water in Matadepera In press inEcological Economics( doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.09.011 ) I. Otero, G. Kallis, R. Aguilar, V. Ruiz 54. Case study 3 Introduction 31/3/2008 55. Case study 3 Introduction: urbanization and water
Martinez-Alier (2002); Swyngedouw (2004) 56. Case study 3 Study site: Matadepera
Catalonia 57. Case study 3 Methods
58. Case study 3 Results:an uneven society to begin with (1886)
59. MATADEPERA CATALONIA & SPAIN Case study 3 Results One family controls town-hall, urbanizations and water. Conflict landlord-peasants for sharecropping contracts. Republican alternative: water and land reform. 2000 1990 1980 1970 1960 1950 1940 1930 1920 1910 1900 1902 Josep Arnau mayor 1914 Foundation of Aguas 1919 Dissolution of Aguas 1922 Foundation of Uni de Rabassaires 1923 Primo de Rivera Dictatorship 1924 Infrastructure of Aguas back to Francisco Arnau1931 Republican mayor1932 Municipalization of water supply1931 2 ndSpanish Republic 1934 Catalan agrarian reform declared unconstitutional and democratic town councils dismissed 1936 Franco military rebellion and start of Civil War 60. Case study 3 Results Civil War: alternatives to be decided. Franco wins, revenge, repression.Land control consolidated, water privatized. MATADEPERA CATALONIA & SPAIN 2000 1990 1980 1970 1960 1950 1940 1930 1920 1910 1900 1936 Murders in La Barata1936 Franco military rebellion and start of Civil War 1940 Execution of Republicans1949 Connection to Llobregat system and refoundation of Aguas 1955-56 Population 730 Urban area 38 ha1939 End of Civil War and start of Franco Dictatorship Council report, without date. City Archives of Matadepera, box 1075. 61. Matadepera given its geographical conditions calls for the assignment of a signal-function:a place for resting and summer vacations Plan de Ordenacin de Tarrasa y Matadepera (1951) City Archives of Matadepera, box 540 Case study 3 Results: planned urbanization 62. We did nothing and they kicked us out from our home The owner[towns Mayor]told to my father it does not matter whether you have a contract, it is useless, the houses are the houses, exactly this way Case study 3 Results: dispossession of sharecroppers MingoComaslivas (1930), 26/11/2007 63. Case study 3 Results: enrolling water in the transformation of the territory Comisin trada de aguas a Matadepera, December 1947. City Archives of Matadepera, box 854. 64. Not only the current needs of the population will be fulfilled, but also those that in the future may arise as Matadepera strives to realize its potential as a real holiday-making place Case study 3 Results: enrolling water in the transformation of the territory President of Aguas to Council, 2 January 1951. City Archives of Matadepera, box 854. 65. MATADEPERA CATALONIA & SPAIN Case study 3 Results: land-cover changes 1966 Agreement Barata & Serra 1976 Town council enters Board of Aguas 1979 Democratic mayor 1984-86 Population 3493 Urban area 180 ha 1992 Mina majority shareholder of Aguas 2008 Population 8701 Urban area 358 ha 1975 Death of Franco 1978 Democratic constitution 2008 Drought metropolitan region of Barcelona 2000 1990 1980 1970 1960 1950 1940 1930 1920 1910 1900 Courtesy of G. Estany Barata to Mayor, 29 April 1971. City Archives of Matadepera,box 385. 66. Case study 2 Results: privatizing profits, socializing costs 1956 2004 67. Case study 3 Conclusions
68. General conclusions Rural-urban socioecological transformation (I)
69. General conclusions Rural-urban socioecological transformation (II)
70. Conclusions Interdisciplinarity, languages, and the otherness
71. Conclusions Hybridity and neutrality
72.
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