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PERSONALITY
MEMBERS:1. Mian Nabeel Sarmad2. Tayyabah Naeem
3. Bilal Tahir4. Atif Iqbal5. Qaisar Ather Khan6. Aitzaz Ahsan7. Mohammad Zubair8. Khawaja Naveed Haider
University Of Management and Technology [www.umt.edu.pk]
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Formal Definition of
is the supremerealization of the innate idiosyncrasy of a
living being. It is an act of high courageflung in the face of life, the absoluteaffirmation of all that constitutes theindividual, the most successful
adaptation to the universal condition ofexistence coupled with the greatestpossible freedom for self-determination.
Personalit
y
Personalit
y
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What is personality
? Derived from Greek word It means MASK
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Characteristics
Patterns of thoughts
Feelings
Behaviors
It makes person unique
Personality in Psychologyperspective
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Characteristics of Personality
Personality is organized and consistent.
Personality is psychological, but is influencedby biological needs and processes.
Personality causes behaviors to happen. Personality is displayed through thoughts,
feelings, behaviors and many other ways.
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The Study of Personality
Experimental methods
Case studies and self-report methods
Clinical research
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Theories of Personality
Type theories are the early perspectiveson personality. These theories suggestedthat there are a limited number of"personality types" which are related to
biological influences.
Trait theories viewed personality as theresult of internal characteristics that aregenetically based.
Psychodynamic theories of personality areheavily influenced by the work of Sigmund Freud,and emphasize the influence of the unconscious onpersonality. Psychodynamic theories includeSigmund Freuds psychosexual stage theory andErik Eriksons stages of psychosocial development.
Behavioral theoriessuggest that
personality is a result of interaction betweenthe individual and the environment.Behavioral theorists study observable and
measurable behaviors, rejecting theoriesthat take internal thoughts and feelings intoaccount.
Humanist theories emphasize the importance offree will and individual experience in thedevelopment of personality. Humanist theoristsinclude Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
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THE HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE
ABRAHAM MASLOW
1. ASSUMPTIONSABOUT HUMANNATURE
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HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
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SELF ACTUALIZERS
What is self actualizer?
Characteristics of self actualizers
1. Realistically oriented
2. Acceptance
3. Spontaneity
4. Problem centered
5. Autonomous
6. Relationships
7. Democratic Nature
8. Sense of Humor
9. Creativeness
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Theory Of Carl Roger
Whos Carl Roger?
Clinical work at the
Rochester Society
Theory Of CarlRoger
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Rogers believed in several key conceptsthat he believed must be present inorder for healthy change to take place.
Therere four key concepts given by CarlRoger in his personality theory.
1. Unconditional Positive Regard
2. Non-Judgmental Attitude
3. Disclosure
4. Reflection
Theory Of Carl Roger
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Theory Of Kurt Goldstein
Who was KurtGoldstein?
1. Germanneurologist andpsychiatrist
2. Holistic theory of
the organism
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The Structure of the Organism
Any change in one locality of the organism is accompaniedby change in other localities that effect the disturbance ofone particular organic process has on the organism as awhole.
Example:1. Relation of figure and ground.
Organism Change?? Adding a new activity in current activity makes a new
pattern of the organism.
Three Kinds Of Behavior:
1. Performances i.e. Voluntary, Consciously experienceactivities.
2. Attitudes i.e. Feelings, Moods and other inner experiences.3. Processes i.e. Bodily functions that can be experienced
indirectly.
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SIGMUD FREUDS VIEW OF
PERSONALITY
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ID
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EGO
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SUPEREGO
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Personality Disorders [ LIST ]
Narcissistic PersonalityDisorder
Obsessive-CompulsivePersonality Disorder
Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizotypal Personality
Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder Dependent Personality
Disorder Histrionic Personality Disorder
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What are Personality Disorders?
Enduring pattern of innerexperience and behaviorthat deviates clearly fromthe expectation of the
individual's culture, ispervasive and inflexible, hasan onset in adolescence orearly adulthood, is stableover time, and leads to
distress or impairment. These disorders are chronicand pervasive, they can leadto serious impairments indaily life and functioning.
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What Causes PersonalityDisorders?
Some experts believe that personality
disorders are caused by early experiences
that prevented the development of normal
thought and behavior patterns.
Other researchers believe that biological or
genetic influences are the root cause ofpersonality disorders.
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How are Personality Disorders
Diagnosed? These patterns of behavior must be
chronic and pervasive, affecting manydifferent aspects of the individuals life,including social functioning, work,school, and close relationships.
The individual must exhibitsymptoms that affect two or more ofthe following areas:
Thoughts, Emotions, InterpersonalFunctioning, and Impulse control.
The pattern of behaviors must be stableacross time and have an onset that canbe traced back to adolescence or earlyadulthood.
These behaviors cannot be explained by
any other mental disorders, substanceabuse, or medical condition.
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Paranoid Personality Disorder?
People with PPD:
1. Feel constant suspicion anddistrust toward other people
2. Others are against them3. Hostile toward others4. React angrily to perceived
insults
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Narcissistic Personality
Disorder?
People with NPD:
A constant need for attention,affirmation, and praise.
Persistent fantasies aboutattaining success and power.
Exploiting other people forpersonal gain.
Have sense of entitlement and
expectation of special treatment. Lack of empathy for others.
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Obsessive-Compulsive
Personality Disorder?
People With OCPD:
Rigid behaviors, resistance tochange, and inflexibility
Often described as dependable,rigid, stern, and stubborn
Feelings of helplessness inuncontrollable situations
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
People With SPD:
Detachment from other people
Little or no desire to form closerelationships with others
Rarely participates in activities forfun or pleasure
Often described as cold,uninterested, withdrawn, and aloof
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder
People With SPD:
Magical thinking including sayingthey can read minds or can foretellthe futureMajor difficulties in formingrelationshipsSevere social anxiety that does notdiminish with time or familiarity
May talk to themselves, ignoreothers, or react inappropriatelySome research suggests thisdisorder is a less severe form ofschizophrenia
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
Forget about the feelings and rightsof other people
Lie repeatedly, act impulsively Neglect or abuse their children
Exploit their employees
They may even kill other people
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Avoidant Personality Disorder
Social withdrawal dueto intense
They fear beingcriticized and rejected
They view themselvesas inferior to others.
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Dependent Personality Disorder
Difficulty makingdecisions
Seek out anotherrelationship when a
close relationship ends They feel
uncomfortable bythemselves
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
Strive to be the centerof attention
They may also talk in
a dramatic ortheatrical style anddisplay exaggeratedemotional reactions
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