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    (U) PERSHING PROGRAM HISTORY(U) The Pershing development program was initiated in January 1958. Martin Marietta Aerospace was awarded the primecontract in March 1958. The first Pershing battalion was activated at Fort Sill in June 1962 and deployed in Europe in 1964.

    The Pershing I (PI) system was mounted on M-474 (modified M-113) tracked vehicles.(U) Initial assignment of the quick reaction alert (ORA) mission to Pershing units in Europe was in 1965. To increase thesystem's ability to shoot, move, and communicate in the QRA role, the Pershing Ia system was developed. This system replacedthe tracked vehicles with wheeled vehicles, including an improved erector launcher allowing a faster rate of fire, and was initiallydeployed in Europe in 1969. Additional system improvements, including the automatic reference system (ARS) and sequentiallaunch adapter (SLA), were fielded in 1976. The ARS provided automatic alignment of the missiles inertial reference system withou t presurveyed sites, and the SLA allowed countdown and launching of three missiles without moving the launch equipment andcables.(U) The 400th Pershing missile was fired by a German crew at the White Sands Missile Range on 15 October 1980. At thattime, the Army Pershing program manager noted that the Pershing system had established a commendable record in schedule, cost,and reliability, making it a top contender for the most successful major weapon system developed by the United States .

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    (U) PERSHING PROGRAM HISTORY

    1958 START OF PERSHING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM1963 INITIAL DEPLOYMENT (ON SCHEDULE)

    -CONUS 2 BNS (1 TRAINING- 1 KOREA)- EUCOM 3 BNSFRG (GERMAN AIR FORCE) 2 WINGS1965 QUICK REACTION ALERT (ORA) MISSION ASSIGNED1969 Pia DEPLOYMENT

    ONE CONUS BN INACTIVATED1973 MODULAR IMPROVEMENTS (DIGITAL GUIDANCE)1976 ARS/SLA ISSUED1980 400TH PERSHING MISSILE FIRING1983 SCHEDULED Pl l DEPLOYMENT

    ALL PERSHING PROGRAM MILESTONES ON SCHEDULE

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    (U) PERSHING E V O ~ U T I O N (U) The Pershing I (PI) weapon system entered development in 1958. It was deployed with US units in 1963 and Germanunits in 1965. The system was deployed on t racked vehicles for cross-country mobil ity. An inertial guidance system provided therequired accuracy. The three USAREUR PI battalions were organized with four launchers per battalion and 187 men per missile-

    on-a-launcher. (U) In 1965, the Army was directed to pursue a program that would make Pershing suitable for the Quick Reaction Alert(ORA) role. This resulted in the development of the Pershing Ia (Pia) system which was deployed in 1969. The Pia program featured modernized ground support equipment and significantly increased the firepower of the Pershing force by increasing thenumber of launchers in each US battalion and German wing from 4 to 36. This allowed a dramatic reduction from 187 to 41 menper missile-on-a-launcher in a battalion. The PI tracked vehicles were replaced by wheeled vehicles for Pia to provide the increasedreliability required for the ORA role. Pia maintained the same warhead yields, accuracy, and range as the previous PI system.(U) A repackaging effo rt of the missile and power station was comple ted in 1974 to provide easier access to missile components, reduce maintenance, and improve reliability. A new digital guidance and control compute r combined the functions of theanalog control computer and the analog guidance computer into one package. The mean corrective maintenance time was decreased from 8.7 hours to a requirement of 3.8 hours. The reliability from 32 hours mean time between failures to a requirementof 65 hours.(U) Further improvements to the reliability, survivability, and responsiveness of the Pia system were realized in 1976-77with the fielding of the automatic reference system (ARS) and the sequential launch adapter (SLA). The ARS uses a Northseeking gyro to provide directional reference for the Pia guidance system. This increases the system survivability by eliminatingthe requirement for presurveyed launch sites. The SLA reduces reaction times by allowing the programmer test stat ion to launch

    up to three missiles without having to move or recable.(U) Pershing II (PII) is an evolutionary modernization of the Pia system currently in the field. New motor stages and aterminally guided reentry vehicle (RV) will give Pll significantly increased range and an order of magnitude improvement inaccuracy compared to Pia. The increased accuracy allows low yield warheads to be used that are consistent with SACEUR policyto reduce collateral damage while maintaining high weapon effectiveness. Pll has a planned IOC date of December 1983.

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    (U) PERSHING'S MISSION IN EUROPE(U) Pershing Ia is now deployed with three U.S. battalions in Europe and two Federal Republic of Germany Air Force wings.Each battalion and wing has 36 mobile launchers. During peacetime operations , a portion of the Pia assets are deployed on theQRA mission. The remainder are conduct ing field training or are maintained in kasernes awaiting alert. The system is designedto be highly mobile, permitting its dispersal to clandestine sites in times of alert or war. It is deployed at distances greater than100 km behind the FEBA or political border. Owing to its mobility and setback, Pershing is one of the most survivable theaternuclear weapons currently in Europe.(U) Deployment of PII will be similar to that of Pia. The quantity of erector launchers will be the same as Pia, with TOEreductions in the areas of vehicles, cables, and personnel. Through these reductions , the fielded system will exhibit greaterflexibility and increased survivability.

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    HANNOVERFEDERALREPUBLICOFGERMANY

    ePORZ WAHNGEl LEN KIRCHENCl e BONN

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    BERLINnEAST GERMANY

    0 HEILBRON (3/84)STUTTGARTO SCHWABISCH (56 BDE 1/411

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    AUGSBURG MUNCHEN~ L A N D S B E R G

    0 U.S. KASERNE6 FRG KASERNE

    POLAND

    CZECHOSLOVAKIA

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    (U) U.S. Pl l SYSTEM FORCE STRUCTURE(U) The Pershing II force structure, basically the same as Pia, is made up of a CONUS Battalion, and in West Germany the56th Field Artillery (Pershing) Brigade plus a theater support platoon. (U) The Conus Battalion provides a rotational base for Pershing personnel returning from Europe and provides support forPershing firing activities in CONUS.

    . (U) The 56th Brigade consists of three field artillery (Pershing) battalions, a maintenance battalion, and an attached infantrybattalion (security).(U) The battalions are made up of a headquarters and service batte ry and four firing batteries with 9 launchers each. Eachbattery has three firing platoons with three missiles each. In peacetime the four batteries in each battalion rotate through fouralert readiness conditions, the highest being the assumption of a quick reaction alert status. At random times, during peacetime,batteries would move to the field under battalion control to maintain tactical proficiency.(U) During periods of tension (POT) one battery out of each four is moving at any one time, allowing 75 percent of theforce to maintain target coverage. Three firing platoons actually maintain geographical separation for increased survivabilityduring the movements. While deployed in platoon positions or while moving each platoon is capable of receiving a release message,independent of battery or battalion operations, and autonomously executing a fire mission.(U) The maintenance battalion provides all logistics, maintenance, and aviation support to the 56th Brigade. Direct supportand limited general support for all mission essential equipment is provided by the forward sup port companies assigned at each FAbattalion location.(U) The infantry battalion provides physical security at the Pershing ORA sites in peacetime. During periods of tension the

    infantry battalion provides the outside perimeter security for the Pershing platoons in the field.

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    IFA BNPERSHING

    II IHOAND FIRINGSVC BTRY BATTERY

    -I

    PLT PLT

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    PERSHING II SYSTEMFORCE STRUCTURE

    IFA BDECONUS BN PERSHING II

    I56TH BDEHQ

    I IHOAND FWD SPTHOCO CO(DS)

    IPLT

    THEATERSUPPORTPLATOON

    ------,1 r_.__.,SUPPORT INFANTRY IBN BN Il ' -------- ' I

    MAINT AVIATIONAND SPTSUPPLY CO co

    NOTE: TOE BASED ON Pta SUPPORTBATTALION ORGANIZATION

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    (U) PERSHING II EFFECTIVENESS(U) Against a spectrum of targets varying from very soft to extremely hard, it can be seen that with the accuracy of Pia,even with high yield nuclear warheads, the probability of kill (PK) starts to degrade rapidly as target hardness increases. Onvery hard targets, it is necessary to plan multiple strikes to improve PK.(U) The pinpoint accuracy of PII (even with much smaller nuclear yields) provides a significant improvement in PK,particularly against hard point or underground targets.(U) A recent study shows that against a particular target array, the improved accuracy combined with the lower yieldwarheads planned for PII results in an order of magnitude reduction in unwanted civilian collateral casualties.

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    PROBABILITYOF KILL

    SOFTUNCLASSIFIED

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    PERSHING II SYSTEM ACCURACY AND TAILORED YIELDSGREATLY INCREASE MILITARY EFFECTIVENESS ANDREDUCE UNWANTED COLLATERAL DAMAGE

    I IMEDIUM

    RAIL

    MILLIONS OFCIVILIAN

    COLLATERALCASUALTIES

    CHOKE GROUNDPOINTSI I

    HARD

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    Pia & ACPRESENT

    NOP

    INCAPAC IT ATING-1 - !CASUAL TIESV/7;1 FATALITIES

    PllUNCLASSIF E 0

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    (U) SHAPE REQUIREMENTS(U) PII was originally planned to have the same range as Pia. This PII system using Pia motors was tested during theAdvanced Development program. Between the completion of the Advanced Development program and the start of full scaleengineering development, SHAPE requested that OSD direct the following three specific requirements to be incorporated into

    the system to satisfy their needs:1 (U) Extend the range of PII to cover targets in the western Soviet military districts.2 (U) Transport and launch PII from a modified Pia launcher, which makes it appear similar to the Pia thathas been visible to the German populace for many years.3 (U) Design the missile and launcher so that either the long range two stage missile or a short range missileusing only the first stage of the two stage version could be launched from the same launcher. The shortrange single stage missile should have the same range as the present Pia missile. This configurat ion isnow designated as PI b.

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    t UNCLASSIFIED Pl l RANGE INCREASED TO ENCOMPASS WESTERN SOVIET .MILITARY DISTRICTS

    Pta LAUNCHER BE RETAINED AND MODIFIED FOR Pl l Pll MISSILE AND LAUNCHER DESIGNED FOR REMOVAL OFSECOND STAGE, CREATING A SYSTEM HAVING Pia RANGE (PI b)

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    (U) PERSHING OPERATIONAL CYCLE(U) The primary mission in the SACEUR Scheduled Plan takes one of two forms: peacetime or an increased state ofreadiness called period of tension. Different levels or techniques of tasking are used for these mission forms. The peacetimequick reaction alert (ORA) role requires that for each battalion (wing) one firing battery (or a portion thereof) be on combatalert status (CAS) on a permanent hard site, covering assigned targets. Full criteri a sites are provided for each battalion. Thesefacilities are sufficient to house and store all the battalion assets and to be the location for the battery assigned to CAS.(U) In peacetime the four batteries of each battalion rotate through four states or conditions of alert readiness, the highestbeing that of the CAS battery. The purposes of this rotation are to assume the CAS status, to share the burden of CAS responsi-bility, to provide time for field tactical training and equipment maintenance, and to give ample leave and pass time to personnelwithout adverse impact on operational requirements.(U) During periods of increased tension, the firing batteries of each battalion are deployed to previously unused field

    tactical sites. At these sites, they assume responsibility for coverage of all assigned targets. During transition from the peace-time to full combat status, coverage is maintained on the highest priority targets that are assigned to the peacetime CAS bat-teries.(U) Once all firing batteries are at their field sites, the firing elements of the battalions are deployed by platoons, whichare separated from each other geographically to reduce vulnerability. The platoons then move to new firing positions on a randomschedule to increase survivability.

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    t ORA OPERATIONS MINIMUM MAINTENANCE

    FIELD TRAINING BACKUPORA

    PRE-COMBAT ALERT STATUS

    PREPARE TO ASSUME ORA

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    (U) Pla/PII COMPARISON(U) Shown is a summary and comparison of the major hardware for Pia and PI I. The Pia missile is a two stage, surfaceto-surface, ballistic missile with an all inertial guidance system. This type of guidance places the warhead in a preselectedballistic trajectory. The warhead section is a conical reentry structure with an ablative material over the aluminum substructure. The warhead is a nuclear airburst/surface burst (AB/SB) system. The minimum range of Pia is 185 km and its maximum range is 740 km. The Pia launch weight is 10,244 pounds. The Pia erector launcher is pulled by a M757, 5-tontractor; a davit located on the erector launcher is used in warhead mating operations.(U) The PII missile is similar in physical dimension to the Pia missile, but is heavier, weighing approximately 16,400pounds. The PII missile places the reentry vehicle (RV) in a ballistic trajectory to a predetermined altitude above the target.At the predetermined altitude, the terminal guidance in the RV is activated, steering the RV to the target. The Pll warhead

    is also a nuclear AB/SB warhead with all the modern nuclear safety, command, and control features. The Pll launcher is amodified version of the Pia launcher. The major changes to the launcher were removal of the davit and cable mast, redesignof the warhead pallet and EL control panel, and upgrading of the EL running gear. A 10-ton crane was added to the EL10-ton M.A.N. tractor along with a 30 kW diesel powered generator to provide primary system power.

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    P RSHINti

    REENTRYVEHICLE

    SECONDSTAGE

    FIRSTTAGt

    WEIGHTlENGTHOIAM TE R

    tO 244 l84151N.401N

    a t t t ~ t J ; HA141

    CHARACTERISTICS Pta U.S. PllRANGE (MAX) 1.0 20GUIDANCE INERTIAL RADAR TERMINALACCURACY (CEPt 10 TIMES BETTERWARHEAD AB/SB ABiSBMEN/LAUNCHER IBDEI 41 36LAUNCHER M790 M790 (MODIFIEDI

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    PERSHING II

    WEIGHTlENGTHOIAMET A

    l t 4 ' l418 IN40 IN

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    (U) SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY(U) The concepts and design for Pll have drawn on over 20 years of Pershing weapon system experience to provide maxi-mum system flexibility to the user.(U) The Pia inertial guidance system and reentry vehicle are replaced with a new. highly accurate. termin ally guided and

    controlled reentry vehicle. The improved accuracy of Pll accommodates air burst/surface burst warheads with reduced. multiplenuclear yields.(U) The Pll missile has been designed to provide flexibility with respect to its range capabilities. By removing or installingthis PII second stage. the system maximum range can be controlled and is visibly verifiable.(U) Pll provides flexibility in targeting through the use of magnetic tape cartridges with a number of different preselected

    targets stored on a single tape. This feature makes target changes as simple as inserting new data through a keyboard or insertinga different target tape cartridge. New targets may be engaged by generating a target scene in the reference scene generation facilitylocated with each battalion or if required, the Pll guidance provides an inertial only backup capability to the radar area correlator.(U) The ground support equipment provides the capability for centralized operations from the platoon control central(PCC) or by removing the remote launch control unit (RLCU) each erector launcher may operate independently provided thenecessary communications are available.(U) In addition to standard and quick countdowns similar to those in Pla,PII provides a ho t hold capability. The hot holdallows the system to be counted down and held just prior to remote for extended periods of time permiting extremely rapidlaunch upon release.

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    iJ

    WARHEAD- AIRBURST/SURFACE BURST- MULTIPLE YIELDS

    RANGE-TWO STAGE MISSILE-SINGLE STAGE MISSILE

    TARGETING- PRE-PROGRAMMED TARGETS- TARGETS OF OPPORTUNITY

    19

    FIRING MODE-PLATOON-AUTONOMOUS LAUNCHER

    COUNTDOWN MODES-STANDARD-QUICK-HOT HOLD

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    (U ) MAJOR PII ADVANCEMENTS(U) Th e Pershing weapon sy stem entered development in 1958 and was deployed in 1963. Since that time it has under-gone num erous modular improvements that have significantly increased the system's operational perfo rmance. PII is a

    modu lar imp rovement to the cu rrently fielded system which will again significantly enhance Pershing's operational performance.

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    .lIIJ.

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    MISSlLE GUIDANCE PLATFORM GYROCOMPASSES NO PTS REQUIRED THREE MISSILES CAN BE COUNTED SIMULTANEOUSLY NO HIGH PRESSURE AIR NO CONDITIONED AIR (COLD) ALL POWER IS 50 OR 60 CYCLES FIFTY LESS CABLES PER PLATOON MISSILE HANDLING CRANE ON LAUNCHER PRIME MOVER ALL PLATOON GENERATORS ARE STANDARD 30 KW

    AT 60 CYCLES AUTONOMOUS CAPABILITY

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    (U) Pl l MAJOR EQUIPMENT(U) The major Pll hardware is shown on this chart. The hardware shown on the left side represents the forward area equip-

    ment and consists of the missile, the erector launcher with prime mover, the platoon control central (PCC), the reference scenegeneration facility (RSGF), and the power source.(U) The rear area hardware is shown on the right side of the chart and includes the system components test station (SCTS) ,rear area power unit, electr ical shop set, and mechanical shop set. Missile slings and containers are also shown.

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    FORWARD AREA EQUIPMENT REAR AREA EQUIPMENT

    llERECTOR LAUNCHER

    10.TON TRACTOR

    ~ ~ J , - -- fl.' (:!- - i i ( .PLATOON CONTROL CENTRALREFERENCE SCENE GENERATION FACILITY

    RADARSECTION

    WARHEAD ----SECTION

    GUIDANCE ANDCONTROUADAPTERSECTIONSECOND STAGE-PROPULSIONSECTIONFIRST STAGEPROPULSIONSECTION

    MISSILE

    RV

    SYSTEM COMPONENTSTEST STATION

    l--e:::::;,------'l(!) ELECTRICAL f

    SHOP SETL , .1 . - - - - - J ~ .iJ MECHANICAL

    SHOP SET

    REAR AREAPOWER UNIT

    0 ..SUPPLYOFFICE

    0'- -PRESERVATIONAND PACKAGING

    CONTAINERS AND MISSILE SLINGS~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ UNCLASSIFIED 23

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) PERSHING II TWO STAGE TRAJECTORY(U) PI I, a modular improvement to the Pia weapon system, replaces the inertial guidance system and reentry vehicle (RV)with a new, highly accurate, terminally guided RV. Two new propulsion sections provide range capabilities not available in Pia.(U) Prior to launch, the missile is referenced in azimuth by its gyrocompassing inertial platform. After launch, the missilefollows an inertially guided trajectory until RV separation. Attitude and guidance commands during powered flight (except forroll _ ttitude) are executed via the swivel nozzles in the two propulsion sections. Roll control is provided by two movable air vaneson the first stage during first stage flight and by the RV air vanes during second stage flight. The first stage also has two fixed airvanes for stability during first stage powered flight.(U) The midcourse phase of the trajectory is initiated at RV separation and continues until the terminal phase begins. Atthe beginning of the midcourse phase, the RV is pitched down to orient it for reentry and to reduce its radar cross section. Mid-course attitude is controlled by the RV vane control system during atmospheric exit and reentry, and by a reaction control systemduring exoatmospheric flight.(U) At a predetermined altitude above the target, the terminal phase begins. A velocity control maneuver (pull up, pulldown) is executed under inertial guidance control to slow down the RV and achieve the proper impact velocity. The radar cor-relator system is activated and the radar scans the target area. Radar return da ta are compared to prestored reference data andthe resulting position fix information is used to update the inertial guidance system and generate RV steering commands. TheRV is maneuvered to the target by the RV vane control system.

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    r

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    I"IlR. 4

    RV IORIENTATION

    SWITCH CONTROL l, - REENTER IVCS RCS , \J........ ......... ATMOSPHERE

    I// MIDCOURSE ................ , I!

    TE : : . ~ ~ ~ ~ O N I/ - PHASE ' , : '.:.' .,._RV SEPARATION I \ .;; .. - ~ .. . ';1.. . ;,. .......: . . : : . - ~ ..... )

    F I RS T " " 1 - . ~ r - , ~ ~ - ~STAGE ' f - - -SEPARATIONIJ I. \

    START A L T I T U D E - - - ~ ~ / IUPDATES , _J k_ ...- UNCLASSIFIEDI - PULL UP I

    # ~ t : ? -PuLLoowN- - /I TERMINALPHASE/) BOOST

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    (U) Pll RADAR AREA COR RELATOR(U) The highly accurate terminal guidance technique used by the PII RV is radar area correlation. Basically, this techniquecompares live radar video return to a prestored reference scene of the target area and determines RV position errors with respect

    to its trajectory and target location. These position errors are used to update the inertial guidance system, which in turn sendscommands to the vane control system to guide the RV to the target.(U) At a predetermined altitude, the radar unit is activated to provide altitude update data and begin scanning the target area.

    The analog radar video return is digitized into 2-bit pixels by the correlator uni t and is formatted into a 128 by 128 array. Thetarget reference scene data, loaded prior to launch via the ground and missile data links, are also encoded as 2-bit pixels and placedin reference memory formatted in a 256 by 256 array. The reference scene resolution necessary to correspond to the decreasingaltitude of the RV is effected by placing four reference data arrays in memory, each representing a given altitude band.( U) This correlation process is performed several times during each of four altitude bands and continues to update the inertialguidance system until just prior to impact.(U) If for some reason the correlator system fails to operate or if the correlation data quality is determined to be faulty, theinertial guidance system continues to operate and guides the RV to the target area with inertial accuracy only.

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    COAAELAT IOIol"AOCESSOR

    FIELDREFERENCE

    SUPPORTEOUII'MENT

    OR OMA BASE PLANT

    lARGE T COORDINATESFROM DATA BASE

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) PERSHING REFERENCE SCENE SYSTEM(U) The Pershing reference scene system (PRESS) converts the digital land mass simulation (DLMS) feature and elevation

    data received from the Defense Mapping Agency to the format needed to generate PII radar reference scenes. The output of thePRESS can be disk packs containing the Pll operational data base for all targets or discrete radar reference scene cartridges.

    (U) The planned operations will be generated by the Pll operational data base disk packs which will be sh ipped to the userin Europe. From the disk packs, the user would input the target data base into the reference scene generation facility (RSGF)computer. Using the data base, required radar reference scenes may be generated at the battery level..

    (U) As changes to the DLMS data base are made, the PRESS will generate updated operational data base disks which wou ldbe forwarded to the user. From the new data base, platoon reference scene cartridges will be updated.

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    DU l l.ELEVATIONDATA

    UNCLASSIFIED

    - - ~ - -PERSHING REFERENCE SCENE SYSTEMCPRESIJ

    \ .GEOGRAPHICCOORDINATESOF TARGET

    PllO,ERATitmALDATA BASE

    RADAR REFERENCE ICENEI

    REFERENCE SCENEGENERATIONfACILITY

    RADAR REFERENCEICENEI

    .....

    .. . "l'Qr

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) PERSHING II REENTRY VEHICLE(U) The reentry vehicle (RV) is structurally and functionally divided into three sections: the radar section (RS), warheadsection (WHS), and guidance and contro l/adapte r (G&C/A) section. Quick access splices make the RV sections completelyreplaceable at the firing site.(U) The RS consists of the radar unit with the antenna enclosed in an ablative radome. The function of the radar unit is totransmit radio frequency energy to the target area, receive altitude and video return, and route the detected video and altitude

    data to the digital correlator unit (DCU) located in the G&C/A section.(U) The WHS contains an air burst/surface burst (AB/SB) warhead. Provisions are made within the warhead section formounting the warhead cables, the rate gyro unit, and the cables that pass through the WHS from the G&C/A section to the RS.(U) Tile G&C/A section consists of two separate portions, the G&C and adapter, which are connected by a manufacturingsplice. At the forward end of the G&C there is a quick access splice for attachment to the WHS. At the aft end, the adapter isgrooved to accept the V-band that splices the propulsion section to the G&C/A section. The RV separation system consists of alinear shaped charge ring assembly bolted to the G&C section so that separation occurs just forward of the G&C/A manufacturingsplice. A protective collar on the outer surface of the adapter, mounted over the location of the linear shaped cl:lc:rge, providespersonnel protection during G&C/A handling operations.

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    .".I

    INTEGRATEDELECTRONICS UNIT

    INERTIALMEASUREMENTSYSTEM ""'EACTION AIRCONTROL VANESPRESSURE

    VESSEL

    UNCLASS IFIED

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    (U) Pl l INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS UNIT(U) The integrated electronics unit (lEU) performs missile guidance, control, and monitoring functions. It consists of adigital correlator unit (DCU), Pershing airborne computer (PAC), inertial measurement system (IMS), power supplies (PS),analog signal conditioners (ASC), telemetry interface, and chassis.(U) The DCU is an all plug-in printed circuit board unit that provides:1 (U) Analog to digital conversion of the radar video input (U) Digital reformatting of the slant range plan position radar data into cartesian coordinate ground range data; ! (U) Cross-correlation of the radar data against prestored reference data to generate a three-dimensional match surface4.. (U) Digita l processing of the match data to extract match position, vehicle errors, and correlation quality data.( U) The PAC consists of the following:1 (U) A central processor unit (CPU) that is capable of performing all the computational, processing, and formattingrequirements fo r the air, ground, and test modes of the missile weapon system. (U) A memory section that is capable of providing the required storage of both the program and data fo r all operational,executive, ground communications, and test programs; ! (U) Signal conditioning modules fo r discrete signals, analog to digital (A/D) and digital to analog (D/A) conversion,interrupts, and ground support equipment (GSE) data link.(U) The IMS consists of a platform assembly and two printed circuit modules. The platform assembly contains a fourgimbal platform, the gimbal drive transistors, digital accelerometer loop (DAL), gyro pulse torquing (GYPTO), and memory.The two modules are the sequence/alignment/gimbal control and the input/output assemblies.(U) The PS contains circuits that provide regulated voltages for operation of lEU modules and certain pre-regulated voltages

    to the radar unit. Al l regulated voltages are derived from a 28 Vdc source.(U) The ASC modules contain the driver amplifiers fo r the four RV vane actuators, the first stage roll vane driver ampli fiers, the nozzle driver amplifiers, and the stabilized antenna unit (SAUl loop amplifie rs. The modules also contain the filte rsand demodulato rs required by the rate gyros and SAU resolvers.(U) The chassis consists of a casting that provides a printed circuit card file to house the modules. I t also provides the

    mounting fo r the platform, telemetry modules, ASC, and PS assemblies. The housing has an integrally cast heat exchangerthat provides cooling fo r the modules and power supplies and is provided with water tight cast front and rear panels. Duringground test, and I EU is cooled by ambient air through the cooling air umbilical provided in the adapter section.

    UNCLASSIFIED32

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    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) PE RSHING II FI RST AND SECOND STAGES(U) Two major structural pa rts comprise the first and second stages of the PII missile: the motor case with forward and af tstubs and the aft motor skirt. The Kevlar motor case serves as both the propellant container and the outer skin of the missile in

    the center of the section. The forward motor stub contains a grooved band to accept theV-band that splices the Gl?C/A section orthe second stage propulsion section . Struc tural support between the motor case and azimuth ring of the erector launcher is provided by the first stage aft motor skirt. The aft motor skirts also provide support for the swivel nozzle actuation system, flameshield, the vane control system, and tail plug assemblies of the first stage. A conduit cover is externally mounted between the forward motor stub and the aft motor skirt. Hard points are provided on the forward stubs and aft skirts for section handling. Twofixed and two movable (for roll control) vanes in an "X " configuration are located on the first stage aft skirt. No control surfacesare required on the second stage propulsion section.

    UNCLASSIFIED34

    UNCLASSIFI D

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    III.I

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    (U) PII MISSILE ON LAUNCHER(U) The PII missile is a two stage, solid propellant, surface to surface weapon. The missile is 418 inches long, has a majordiameter of 40 inches, and weighs 16.476 pounds. Monocoque in construction, the missile has an outer skin assembled totransverse rings fo r rigidity during flight and ground handling. Quick access splice joints make the RV sections and the first andsecond stage propu lsion sections comple tely replaceable. Four first stage air vanes, two fixed and two movable, prov ide aero-dynamic stability during first stage flight. First stage control is maintained using a swivel nozzle fo r pitch and yaw control andthe two movable air vanes at the af t end of the first stage motor section for roll control. Second stage boost control is accomplished using the second stage nozzle fo r pitch and yaw control and the RV air vanes fo r roll control. Midcourse and terminal

    control for the RV are provided (endoatmospherically)by a hydraulic actuated vane control system (VCS) that drives a set offour vanes arranged in an "X " configuration, and (exoatmosphericaly) by a nitrogen supplied reaction control system (RCS)that supplies eight cold gas thrusters arranged on the aft dome of the RV to provide pitch, yaw, and roll control.

    (U) The erector launcher (EL) is a Pia EL modified to meet Pl l requirements. TheEL consists of a t ransporter frameassembly that supports an erection system, leveling system, radar section/warhead section assembly and transport pallet, RVcooling system, ground interface electronics unit (GIEU), and hydraulic control panel. TheEL will interface with either thesingle stage missile or the two stage missile in all modes of transportation, countdown, and firing operations.

    (U) The GIEU provides the ground interfaces between the missile, ELand PCC. TheEL operator can test and monitorE L functions. Additionally, when required, the operator can control the countdown up to remote operations from the Gl EU .(U) A 10-ton M.A.N. tractor with a 10-ton capacity crane is used as the prime mover fo r the Pll EL.(U) The primary power source used with each ELisa diesel engine driven generator set that produces 30 kW, 3 phase,4 wire, 120/208 Vac, 50/60Hz power and is mounted on the EL tractor. The unit uses 1.5 gallons of fuel per hour whenoperated at full load, and its fuel tank capacity permits 8 hours of operation.(U) A power distribution box mounted on the EL tractor permits any one of the three power sources to provide primarypower fo r all three ELs when the platoon is operating in a standby mode. The power distribution box also provides fo r theconnection of standby power from an alternate source if available.

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    031 ~ I S S " l J N O

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) PERSHING MISSILE CONFIGURATIONS(U) Shown are the external comparisons of the Pia, Pll, and the single stage (PI b) missile configurations.(U) Plb is configured using the Pll first stage and reentry vehicle. The reentry vehicle is able to reach targets in the sameranges as Pia bu t with approximately 10 times the accuracy. The Pll ground support equipment is compatible with the Plbconfiguration. A conversion kit has been developed to make the first stage of PII compatible with the reduced range mission andto convert the erector launcher to accept a single stage missile.

    UNCLASSIFIED38

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    jI ( l ! D i : t ; ~ 1 j l l ~ t t t ~ r , l ~ $ 1 1 ! = 1 ! { l ~ l i W I J ; l ! ) l [ t l ~Pia

    UNCLASSIFIED --........::s UNCLASSIFIED LJ'-----'\_J UNCLASSIFIED L..J---. . . . . . . . .ELATIVE RANGE 1 1 2+

    WEIGHT (LB) 10,244 10,600 16,303LENGTH (IN.) 415 316 418RELATIVE CEP 1 0.1 0.1

    UNCLASSIFIED

    UNCLASSlFIE-039

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Plb MISSILE AND LAUNCHER(U) Following the Pll two stage verifications, the missile and launcher were configured in the single stage option (PI b) inAugust 1981. This Plb test verified the erector launcher single stage conversion kit.(U) The erec tor launcher and missile were subjected to various erection and recapture operations to verify the reducedrange configuration.(U) Following these reduced range configuration tests, the missile and launcher will be converted to the two stage con-figuration and will begin comple te system level testing.

    UNCLASSIFIED40

    .. .,

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    '

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) FIRING BA TTERY GSE(U) Here, the Pia firing battery ground suppo rt equipment (GSE) and the PII GSE are compared. Pll represents a significantreduction in equipment and personnel, as well as o perating and support costs over th e currently fielded Pia system.

    UNCLASSIFIED42

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    iI1(1ti3t!?lJ4141 Pia

    B A T T E R Y ~ CONTROL........_..PLATOON I f \CONTROL PROGRAMMERERECTOR CENTRAL (31 TEST STATION

    LAUNCHER (9) . . . . . . . AND TURBINE ........... POWER . . a . . u ~ S T A T I O N ( l l ~ " - ~ _ . . , . ~ - : : : . - ~ . ,._ t ......

    ~ ~ ~ ~ ) AZIMUTH ._PERFERENCEUNIT(91

    ~ - 4 1 - : : ; _ ; ;' 't2 --, ""- -.::_)._

    ..... j ~ lr - .atj ._ SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN EQUIPMENT

    MISSION ORIENTED MAJORITEMS 53%VEHICLES 15%CABLES 77%

    j. . au..

    U.S. Pll(t), i3t!?Hjl$1

    REFERENCE SCENE........ GENERATION FACILITY

    PLATOONCONTROLCENTRAL (41

    \

    SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN PERSONNELBN 11BDE 10'}W!W 11 ,,O&S COST REDUCTION 15

    (I) ::3 ! ) ~ j l 4141

    UNCLASSIFIED 43

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Pll FIRING PLATOON HARDWARE(U) The Pll firing platoon hardware consists of equipment required to launch three missiles. This includes three 10-tontractors with primary power sources, a platoon control central (PCC). three erector launchers (Els), control cables, and associaterlpower cables. In practice, firing operations are conducted on a platoon-level basis with one PCC used fo r the countdown andlaunch of three missiles; however, the capability exists, with appropriate command and control, fo r independent countdown andlaunch of a single missile by an EL dispersed from its platoon. In a typical platoon firing site configuration, the platoon is capable

    of maintaining standby operations for long periods using a single primary power source with a minimum number of cablesrequired. A reference scene generation facility (RSGF), located at battalion level, is capable of producing the reference scenes re-quired by the radar area correlator in the missile.(U) Pl l provides a signifi cant reduction in the n!Jmber of cables required for platoon operations. The PII platoon has 22cables versus 73 cables fo r the Pia platoon. The 22 PII platoon cables include all power, ground, and signal cables required forcomplete operations.

    UNCLASSIFIED44

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    HJtQNOV"lH 0 1 ~ 3 H i O N Y

    i11SSIW

    HOJ.YIIiNiOM) l 0

    HOJ.WiN30M)IO

    .UI11:Y:I NOIJ.YII3N303N3:1 3 ~ 3 1 1 3 : 1 3 1 1

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Pll ERECTOR LAUNCHER AND MISSILE(U) The Pll erector launcher (EL) is a Pia EL modified to meet PII requirements. TheEL consists of a transporter frameassembly that supports an erection system, leveling system, radar section/warhead section assembly and transport pallet, RV coolingsystem, ground interface electronics unit (GJEU), and hydraulic control panel. TheEL will interface with either the single stagemissile or the two stage missile in all modes of transportation, countdown, and firing operations.(U) The GIEU provides the ground interfaces between the missile, EL, and PCC. TheEL operator can test and monitor EL

    functions. Additionally, when required, the EL operator can control the countdown from the GIEU up to remote operations.(U) A 10-ton tractor with a 10-ton capacity crane is used as the prime mover for the Pll EL.(U) The primary power source used with each EL is a diesel engine driven generator set that produces 30 kW, 3-phase, 4 wire,120/208 Vac, 50/60Hz precise power and is mounted on the EL trac tor. The unit uses 1.5 gallons of fuel per hour when operatedat full load, and its fuel tank capacity permits 8 hours of operation.(U) A power distribution box mounted on the EL tractor permits any one of the three power sources to provide primarypower for all three Els when the platoon is operating in a standby mode. The power distribution box also provides for the connection of standby power from an alternate source if available.

    UNCLASSIFIED46

    , L I J ~ [ I J ! A l - 1 - ' J i i l : t J

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    iJ

    TRAVEL CONFIGURATION

    COUNTDOWN CONFIGURATION

    0 -.:1 n

    WORK PLATFORM (STOWED)AZIMUTH CLAMPRELEASE MEC HANISM

    HEATE R

    TO AUXILIARY ORCOMMERCIAL POWERENERATOR GRO\.INCABLE AC POWER CABLE TO E NO 1

    UNCLASSIFIED 47

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Pll GROUND INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS UNI T(U) Much of the ground computer capabilities, which were contained in the PTS in Pia, are located on the launcher in PI I.The ground integrated electronics unit (GIEU) also contains EL controls. The GIEU is mounted in the same general location asthe Pia EL control box, bu t has a structural protective case to ward off small trees or other objects wh ich could damage the un it .

    UNCLASS IFIED48

    or r - - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - ~ 031diSSVliONn

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    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Plb MISSILE ON LAUNCHER(U) The PII program is maintaining an option in which the Pll missile can be converted to a single stage, reduced range configuration by eliminating the second stage and mating the RV to the first stage. A conversion ki t for adding the ordnance necessary to the fire the first stage thrust reversal ports and the case vent system is being developed for the Plb option.(U) The Pll erector launcher is also designed to accept provisions for the Plb missile. The conversion from a two stagelauncher configuration to a single stage configuration requires a kit containing hardware to support the Plb missile configuration.(U) The Plb missile/launcher combinati on is shown in both the countdown and travel configurations. The warhead palletin this configuration is maintained in-line with the missile on the launcher. The Plb tractor is identical to the two stage configura

    tion.

    UNCLASSIFIED50

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    Iil '. \ f'L

    _,

    "'" ~ O R A t J l i C c o .. TRut11\iJ l R! 111111\11 0 PA i l ! T

    GROUNl'., Z _A!Il t ...._,,. 101_........... - ...__ ' \,. -re- - - - - - - - -

    ){) rt'lf H; t . . RA ' )R

    -.--.._

    I 4JI A"'8 8 'RAC

    f"t.A f'SI'ARI Rf

    ... J l 1 ~ PQW!RCABLE JOW2 GROUNDSTAKl 1 ''i'r ' ' ,

    Jtwl'' ... ! ..

    UNCLASSIFIED

    10 TOI>o M A Ill8. 8 TRACTOR lO "" ' Dt tSHGf NUIATOA

    TR...CTORSPAA TIIU

    GRUUNOTAll( Nt I

    10 TON CRAN! +

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    (U) RSGF/PCC(U) Both the platoon control central (PCC) and reference scene generati on facility (RSGF) are mounted on 5-to n, long-wheel

    base vehicles. The equipment shelters are EMP hardened and are protected from biological and chemical environments via conditioned air system filters and pressurized protec tive entrances. Power fo r the PCC and the RSGF is provided by 30 kW dieselgenerators mounted on M200 trailers.

    UNCLASSIFIED52

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    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U ) PLATOON CONTRO L CENTRAL(U) Pll firing operations by field-deployed firing battery elements are conducted primarily on a platoon basis with three ELs,missi les, and associated ground support equipment. These elements work as a unit under control of the platoon commander in the

    platoon control central (PCC).(U) Three remote launch control units (RLCUs) are located in the PCC to provide interface wi th each missile and launcher.The RLCU can be removed from the PCC, connected to the ELvia a 400 foot interface cable, and remotely located in a foxhole fo rindependent launch operations. This capabili ty is provided for operational flexibility in the event a PCC is unavailable or an E Lcannot be positioned within 400 feet of the PCC.

    UNCLASSIFIED54

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    INTERFACEMISSILE REMOTE LOGICSTATUS LAUNCH ASSEMBLY

    LAUNCH DISPLAy CONTROL CONSOLEWINDOW I UNIT (3)STATUSDISPLAY

    REMOTE 'SPEAKERSCONSOLEAN/TRC1337 /-

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    (U} REFERENCE SCENE GENERATION FACILITY(U) The reference scene generation facility (RSGF) forms a part of the PII ground support equipment. It consists of equipment used for generating magnetic tape cartridges for targets which do no t have reference scenes available and for retargeting.(U) The RSGF is contained within an electromagnetic pulse-hardened S-280 shelter and consists of a minicomputer, two massmemory units, a line printer, flexible diskette drive, plasma terminal, video display, and a magnetic tape unit. The RSGF uses adigital data base provided by the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) to produce the magnetic tapes for direc t entry into the missile

    via the Gl EU tape unit and digital data link.(U) It is planned to provide each Pershing battali_on with at least one RSGF.

    UNCLASSIFIED56

    9

    031:11SS\flONn

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    13NVd A ~ 1 N 3 ~ 3 M O d

    3o1s a ~ n : > 30 S OVOl:l

    3:fVS 1 3 ~ : > 3 S dOl

    3 9 V ~ 0 . 1 S )l:l'dd )ISIO

    Al:IOW31N SSVW

    A 1 1 1 1 ~ V : J NOI!VH3N39 3 N 3 ~ S 33N3H3:J3H l1- --031::11SSV10Nn

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) FIRING PLATOON OPERATIONS(U) Normal peacetime operations are conducted by a three-platoon firing battery from each of the three battalions on ORA.A three-platoon firing battery from each of the three battalions is maintained on OR A at all times. Each firing battery is located

    at a permanent hardsite, and each maintains coverage of preassigned targets.(U) When appropriate alert measures are ordered, previously unused field firing sites are occupied and responsibility forcoverage of all assigned targets is assumed. Once fully deployed, the firing elements are deployed by platoon. Each firingelement is geographically separated from the others to reduce vulnerability, and each is moved to a new firing position on arandom schedule to increase survivability.

    UNCLASSIFIED58

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    1 PERSHING MISSILE2 ERECTOR LAUNCHER3 PALLET COVER4 POWER CABLE5 DIESEL GENERATOR6 POWER DISTRIBUTION BOX7 10-TON TRACTOR8 EL INTERCONNECTING POWER CABLE9 ELIRLCU INTERFACE CABLE

    10 PLATOON CONTROL CENTRAL11 POWER UNITS12 AN!TRC-133A RADIO TERMINAL SET

    I l l ~ til W _ ! ~ t.'i I II :11sg

    f 1 ~ ~ f ~ " fI

    : { ~ ~ y ~ r ~ . . . , . v t t , .~ ~ f _-tti - - . J J . ~ ' t t l "' - . 4--.1 ' - .. 'If '. , _ J , I ~ I .7 ) Mt; , l 'r.tvli-. "'J.JJ ,.. T "-_,., .. ( . ~ J i o . .. ~ ' - : : t r - ~ ~ I... . . '.... . .,, ...' ... ""'( .. - . . I f - .. ;'..-'~ ~ / 4 < ~ / A,......... . .. .......... ,' .. "'y "'l . .

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) INDEPENDENT LAUNCHER OPERATIONS(U) With the appropriate command and control, the capability exists for independent count down and launch of a singlemissile by an erector launcher dispersed from its platoon. The only launch equipment required for the launcher is the remote

    launch control unit (RLCU) which can be removed from the platoon cont rol central (PCC) for this purpose. Radios for communications with the parent unit would also accompany the launcher as well as release message decryption and authenticationcapabilities.(U) This mode of system employment allows flexibility under special circumstances (e.g., PCC damaged beyond use) and is

    no t intended as a normal operational configuration.

    UNCLASSIFIED60

    1 ! 1 ~ l l 1 n i - i t i l l ; j J

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    1 PERSHING MISSILE2 ERECTOR LAUNCHER3 PALLET COVER4 POWER CABLE5 DIESEL GENERATOR6 POWER DISTRIBUTION BOX7 10-TON TRACTOR8 ELIRLCU INTERFACE CABLE9 POWER UNIT10 ANfTRC-133A RADIO TERMINAL SET

    I

    - - - - ~ 1 1 1 ~ t e : l t ~ ~ ~ I : I I : J 1 a ,

    , I ~ . 'llllfiiC

    4 ) tit' v;.. ( (1

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) NUCLEAR - BIOLOGICAL- CHEMICAL (NBC)(U) Design provides the capability to withstand the known enemy chemical and biological agents and the decontaminantsrecommended fo r use in the field fo r decontamination of fallout, chemical , and biological agents. The PII system will be desiqned

    so that i t can be operated by the crew while wearing individual protective equipment (overgarment, mask, hood, and gloves) with-ou t significant degradation in reaction times. PII command/control and maintenance support vans will be equipped with positivepressure collecti ve protection for operations in a chemical and biological environment.

    UNCLASSIFIED62

    i N C L A S S I F I E D

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    l

    NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENTS

    OVERPRESSURESTRUCTURAL LOADSDYNAMIC LOADING

    WINDSOVERTURNINGFLYING DEBRIS

    THERMAL RADIATIONHIGH TEMPERATUREIGNITION/FIRE

    NUCLEAR RADIATIONEMR, EMPELECTRONIC SYSTEMSCABLING

    BC PROTECTION PARTIALLY SEALED SHELTEASPOSITIVE INTERNAL PRESSURE FILTRATION BC AGENTS PROTECTIVE ENTRANCE POLYURETHANE PAINT DETECTION SYSTEMS DECONTAMINATION SYSTEMS PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGSUIT, GLOVES,

    SOCKS. MASKBOOTS ( l l : t 3 f J ? ~ I i l J

    [ I J ~ t ~ J W ~ ~ ~ 1 1 3 l ; t ' - l s 3

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Pll MOBILITY(U) Mobility of the Pll is a prime factor for prelaunch survivability of the system. To provide enhanced mobility for PII

    under all conditions, a new tractor has been developed for the E L.(U) The trac tor is a 10-ton M.A.N., 8 x 8, four-axle, heavy duty off road truck chassis with a 36-inch diameter full oscillating fifth wheel. The tractor also carries a 30 kW diesel engine generator set and a 10-ton full articulation crane. The 30

    kW generator provides all ground power for the missile and EL during countdown operations. The 10-ton crane is used formissile mating operations and eliminates the requirement for an auxiliary wrecker for mating operations.(U) This new vehicle even with heavier missi le/launcher weight provides increased drawbar pull and better flotation than the Pia

    vehicle due to more horsepower and modern radial tires. A test with the tractor in Germany in June-July 1980 verified the newvehicle provides better mobility than its Pia counterpart.

    UNCLASSIFIED64

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    :

    ~ " - " < , " ' - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ...." - - ~ ~ : ! ! ! : - ~ , .. ~ = - - ---- --' . -- OVERALL MISSION SUCCESS - PRELAUNCH SURVIVABILITY AS IMPORTANT AS PK M.A.N. TEN TON VEHICLE SELECTED AS Pll PRIME MOVER

    - EXTENSIVE TESTING IN FIELD ENVIRONMENT WITHSIMULATED PII LOADS M.A.N. VEHICLE MEETS ALL MOBILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR Pl l, EXCEEDS Pia

    a e aw a as sa a a

    65

    .-

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) PERSHING II AIR TRANSPORTABILITY(U) The Pershing weapon system is designed fo r air transport on all standard military airlift command aircraft, (C130, C141,

    and C5A). Typical estimates of aircraft required to airlift a Pershing firing platoon force are shown.(U) The minimum platoon force consists of three missiles on launchers, remote launch control units, and 13 crew members

    with a light utility vehicle that could carry minimum essential communication equipment. Such a force cou ld reasonably ensurerapid coverage of two preplanned targets with backup.

    (U) For PI I, the normal platoon force includes normal launch platoon personnel (34) and equipment, including the platooncont rol central (PCC). This force has also been augmented with a reference scene generation facility (RSGF), normally assigned toa battalion or higher units, to allow on-site target reference scene generation.(U) The ongoing operational test (OT) and follow-on test (FOT) firing programs have routinely demonstrated the air trans

    portability of the PI and Pia systems over a 10 year period.

    UNCLASSIFIED66

    .la

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    IJ.

    MINIMUM PLATOON FORCE SHORT-TERM CONTINGENCY FORCESATELLITE TO AN EXISTING BASE.CONSISTS OF MINIMUM CREW ANDLAUNCH EQUIPMENT AND ESSENTIALOPERATIONS PERSONNEL. (TOTALPERSONNEL: 13.) HOST BASE PROVIDESSECURITY, MESSING, MEDICAL, COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. MAXIMUM OF TWOPREPLANNED TARGETS.

    CSA 1 AIRCRAFT ,ry/ - o _ _ ! : - ~

    C141 4AIRCRAFT / ' / ! C :

    NORMALPLATOONFORCE MEDIUM TERM CONTINGENCY FORCESATELLITE TO AN EXISTING BASE . CONSISTSOF ALL PLATOON PERSONNEL AND MISSIONESSENTIAL EQUIPMENT. INCLUDES PLATOONSPARES AND COMMUNICATIONS PLUS AREFERENCE SCENE GENERATION FACILITY .ALSO INCLUDES PERSONNEL FOR DS /GSMAINTENANCE AND RSGF OPERATIONS.(TOTAL PERSONNEL: 34.) HOST BASE PROVIDESAREA SECURITY, MESSING, MEDICAL,ETC.)

    C5A - 2 AIRCRAFT~ ' : L" + " I ..

    - - - - ~ ~ ~ ~ , :

    C130 13 AIRCRAFT< - 8 7 5 1 = > ~

    UNCLASSIFIED 67

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U ) Pll SYSTEM EMPLACEMENT(U) The Pl l hardware has the inherent capability to perform a standard (OFF-ROAD) countdown in a short period oftime. The time considers one missile on its erector launcher and starts when the launcher is parked in position. Functionspacing the time required are the warhead mating and the warmup and alignment of the inertial platfo rm in the reentryvehicle.

    UNCLASSIFIED68

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    OCCUPY SITE

    NO AZIMUTH LIMITATION SAME MAP ACCURACY AS Pia NO STAKES REQUIRED

    ROTATE WARHEAD

    ROTATE PALLET ElECTRICALLYCONNECT WARHEAD

    PRE-REMOTE

    ENTER IGNITION ENABLE AND INTENT WORDS SELECT REMOTE EVACUATE FIRING SITE ENTER PAL

    EMPLACEMENT

    START GENERATOR LOWER JACKS INITIATE COUNTDOWN

    MATE WARHEAD

    e MECHANICALLY MATE WHS/RSCOMBINATION TO G&C/A

    ERECTION LIFTOFF

    UNCLASSIFIEDRQ

    CONTINUE EMPLACEMENT

    CONNECT RLCU

    ENTER MOE CONNECT PCC CABLE ENTER TARGET CARTRIDGE

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Pll CRANE OPERATION(U) The PII prime mover is the 10-ton M.A.N., 8 x 8, four axle, heavy duty, off-road truck with a 36-inch diameter, fulloscillating fifth wheel. The requi rement fo r a separate missile loading vehicle has been eliminated by mounting a 10-tonhydraulic crane on the M.A.N. vehicle. The crane is designed to be operated from the control panel on the crane or theelectro-hydraulic remote control unit, as shown.(U) The remote control unit allows complete and accurate operation of the crane. The crane operator has the freedom tomove about, thus maintaining constant visual contact with his load and the ground guide direct ing the loading operations.(U) The crane has a lifting height of 36 feet, a working radius of 29 feet, and a slewing range of 390 degrees with the

    boom raised at a 5 degree angle.

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    UNCLASSIFIED 71

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) PII WARHEAD SECTION MATING(U) The operations required for warhead section mating with the warhead section in the pallet on the launcher are shown.(U) Warhead section mating operations for PII are simplified by eliminating use of the Pia davit. PII uses a rotating pallet

    that automatically moves the radar section/warhead section from the travel position to the mating position. This greatly re-duces warhead section handling and its vulnerability to damage.

    UNCLASSIFIED72

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    WARHEAD SECTION IN PALLET WORK PLATFORM IN STOWED POSITION CONNECT POWER

    LOCK PALLET IN MATING POSITION REMOVE PALLET COVER MATE INTERSTAGE CABLES VERIFY CABLING UNLOCK CRADLE ASSEMBLY

    73

    LOWER WORK PLATFORM UNLOCK AND APPLY POWER

    TO ROTATING PALLET ROTATE PALLET

    MOVE CRADLE ASSEMBLY AFT ALIGN WARHEAD SECTION ANDMATE WITH G&C A

    TIGHTEN TEN INTERNALSPLICE BOLTS

    REMOVE UPPER CRADLEASSEMBLIES

    MOVE PALLET ASSEMBLVFORWARD

    CONTINUE COUNTDOWN

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) PI I WARHEAD SECTION MATING(U) This chart shows th e radar section/warhead section in the cra d le during mating. These sections will be positioned (usingt he cradle) near the G&C/ A and then electrically mated to the G&C/ A. After verification of the cabling, the warhead section is

    mated via th e ten internal VEE clamps and torqued to 196 in -lb . After mating the warhead section, the cradle assembly is loweredand moved forward to prevent interference with the missile.

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    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Pll WARHEAD SECTION MATING VERIFICATION(U) Shown is a human engineering evaluation of the warhead section mating operations using fifth percentile females in

    cold weather clothing. This evaluation verified the operations necessary for using the warhead section cradle for aligning andmating th e warhead section to the G&C/ A section.

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    UNCLASSIFIED

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    {U) STANDBY TO LAUNCH SEQU ENCE QUICK COUNT(U) Pll's role in Europe requires a rapid reaction time capability. A quick count assumes that the platoon is deployed inposition with the missile (including warhead) assembled on th e launcher. The quick count has th e capability of being interrupted

    just before activating the remote switch, and placing th e system in a "hot hold" posture. The ho t hold status can be maintained for extended periods of time. When the countdown resumes after a ho t hold, liftoff can be accomplished in a matterof minutes.

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    LAUNCH SITE (3 ELs)1

    RECEIVE ORDER TO START COUNTDOWN RECEIVE RELEASE MESSAGE POSITION COUNT SWITCH(ES) TO "QUICK" ORDERCOUNTDOWNSTART

    2

    PRESS "MISSILE POWER " KEY COPY RELEASE MESSAGE

    3

    IMS READY G&C/A OPEN SAFES REMOVE G&C/A PROTECTIVE COVER MONITOR COUNTDOWN ......

    -

    UNCLASSIFIED(U) STANDBY TO LAUNCH SEQUENCE QUICKCOUNT (CONT)

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    4 LAUNCH SITE (3 Els)

    TARGETDATALOADSTART MONITOR COUNTDOWN

    TARGET DATA LOAD COMPLETE MONITOR COUNTDOWN

    6

    REMOVE BALL LOCK PINS SELECT REMOTE

    jPCC

    DECO PAL; OBTAIN IGNITION ENABLE CODE ENTER PAL CODE FOR AL L MISSILES

    ORDER.MISSILE NO.1 LAUNCH ENTER IGNITION ENABLE CODE FOR MISSILEN0.1 UNLOCK PAL FOR MISSILE NO. 1

    80

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    LAUNCH SITE (3 ELs)7

    EVACUATE lAUNCH SITE

    8

    MISSILE NO. 1

    9

    MISSILE NO.2

    .10MISSILE NO. 3

    7

    ,

    8 0 - :::::. - ENTER IGNITION ENABLE CODE FOR MISSILE NO: 2 ACTUATE lAUNCH SEQUENCE START FOR MISSILE NO.2

    9.. ... \iii. .' " ~ ..... .... A.., . I I= - - -0

    ENTER IGNITION ENABLE CODE FOR MISSILE NO.3 ACTUATE lAUNCH SEQUENCE START FOR MISSILE NO. 381

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) PII MATING OPERATIONS(U) This chart shows the emplacement of the vehicles during missile mating operations. This emplacement scheme allowsthe crane full access to all missile sections positioned on the trailers and the EL.(U) This emplacement would also be used to change a failed missile section detected during maintenance operations orcountdown.

    UNCLASSIFIED82

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    FIRST STAGECONTAINERCOVERSECOND STAGECONTAINERCOVER

    G&C/ACONTAINER

    WHS CONTAINER

    RS CONTAINER

    2ND STAGE

    1STSTAGE16,00015,00012,500

    CRANECAPACITY 10000- POUNDS 7 500

    tNtt13tau.....~ ~ [ i j . ._.. ;.; t ; ~ ...J....a....] 83

    0 5 10 15 20 25 30BOOM EXTENSION -FT

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Pll FIRING SITE MISSI LE ISOLATION/R EPAIR(U) The forward area maintenance concept provides for fault isolation to a missile section. Upon failure of a section, thesection would be demated, replaced with a battery spare (i.e., first stage, second stage, radar section) or the platoon spare (G&C/Asection). Failed missile sections would be returned to the forward support company fo r repair.

    UNCLASSIFIED84

    il

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    b:_____IPROPULSION SECTIONS

    [ ]WHO SECT

    FORWARD AREA FAULT ISOLATIONSINGLE LRU 90 PERCENT TWO LRU 100 PERCENT

    MEAN TIME TO REPAIR 1.25 HR

    UNCLASSIFIED 85

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) THEATER MAINTENANCE CONCEPT- FIRING SITE -(U) Maintenance of the firing battery and firing platoon equipment consists of operator and organizational maintenance.Fault isolation is to a line replaceable unit (LRU) or missile section. The LRU would be replaced from the battery spares(PLL) or the platoon spares (G&C/A). Failed LRUs and missile sections would be returned to the forward support company(DS/GS) fo r repair.(U) Any maintenance on the warhead section will be performed by the special weapons personnel. Depending on the

    maintenance required, the work can be performed on site or the warhead may be evacuated to the special weapons ordnancecompany.

    UNCLASSIFIED86

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    (PLLI

    - FIRING SITE -DS/GS

    (FWD SPT CO)

    PLATOONSPARE

    SASP. . . ; : : : : : : : : = = = = = ~

    [ l ] ~ [ i j f ! t - t i l a l ~ ] 87

    OS GS ORO COSPECIAL WEAPONS

    ~ N T ACTt 7 ~ ~ A M ON SITEDS/GS MAINT

    SPECIAL WEAPONS LLC EXCHANGE CABLE REPLACEMENT RATE GYRO REPLACEMENT

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Pll RADAR SECTION CHANGEOUT(U) This figure shows the radar section being removed from its container and being maneuvered fo r placement in its cradle

    on the EL. The reentry vehicle sling, configured to handle the radar section, and the radar section protective cover are shown.

    UNCLASSIFIED88

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Pll G&C/A MATING OPERATIONS(U) Th is chart shows the guidance and contr ol/adapter mating operat ions using the prototype missile sections. Asshown in th e picture on the left, the crane operato r, using the remote co ntr ol unit, is free to move abou t the work area.This allows the operator to maintain close control over the mating operations.

    UNCLASSIFIED90

    UNCLASSIFIEDIa.IJ,

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    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Pll FIRST STAGE MATING OPERATIONS(U) This chart shows the initial first stage mating operations using the prototype missile section. Shown on the right

    is the handling sling for the first stage.

    UNCLASSIFIED92

    i

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    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) PERSHING SHIPPING AND STORAGE CONTAINERS(U) Shown are the typical Pia and PII shipping and storage containers. The containers fo r PII have been redesigned to allow

    top loading and removal instead of the front loading operations required fo r Pia. The Pl l container cover fasteners are cam boltsfor easy opening and closing as in Pia.

    (U) The top loading feature of the PII containers negates the requirement of removing containers from the trailers for matingoperations, thereby reducing handling operations. In addition , there are no internal cables to connect or disconnect when installing or removing the sections.(U) The PII containers have access ports which facilitate in-conta iner testing of missile sections.

    UNCLASSIF IED94

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    Pll CONTAINERS INTERNAL CABLES CARRIAGE AND RAILS NO INTERNAL CABLES COVER REMOVED BY HAND COVER REMOVED BY CRANE

    UNCLASSIFIED 95

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Pll FIRING SITE EL ISOLATION/REPAIR(U) The forward area maintenance concept for the erector launcher is for fault isolation to a line replaceable unit (LRU).In most instances, th e LRU would be replaced with battery spares by missile maintenance personnel, and the failed LRU returnedto the forward support company for repair.(U) Those items no t replaceable by firing battery personnel will require a direct support/general support (DS/GS) con-

    tact team for the forward support company.

    UNCLASSIFIED96

    1

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    LIMITSWITCHES

    AZCLAMPMECH(DS ;GS RPL)

    LEVELING JACKSAND MOTORS

    LAUNCHCONTROL

    ASSVPOWER

    CONTROLASSY

    POWERCABLES(EL TO GENl

    HYDRAULI CPUMP

    FORWARD AREA FAULT ISOLATIONSINGLE LRU 90 PERCENT TWO LRUs 100 PERCENT

    MEAN TIME TO REPAIR 0.60 HR

    UNCLASSIFIED 87 UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) THEATER MAINTENANCE CONCEPT- REAR AREA-(U) Failed line replaceable units (LRUs) and missile sections would be returned to the forward suppor t company forDS/GS repair. The forward support company performs DS and GS repair on all Pershing peculiar equipment and DS repairon the M.A.N. tractor.(U) Failed missile sections are tested in the containers, using the SCTS. First and second stages, upon verification offailure, would be sent to the 41st ordnance company fo r repair. The G&C/A would be removed from its container, tested inthe van, repaired, and returned to stock. Al l warhead section repairs will be performed by the special weapons personnel.(U) Failed LRUs would be tested in the van, repaired, and returned to stock. Those crit ical items unable to be repaired

    at the DS/GS level may be sent to the OCONUS critical item repair facility. Items that cannot be repaired at the OCONUSdepot are returned to the CONUS depot fo r repair.(U) The forward support company will provide direct support fo r the M.A.N. 10-ton tractor. General support anddepot support of the M.A.N. vehicle will be provided by the M.A.N. service facilities in West Germany on a contract basis.

    UNCLASSIFIED98

    jIi.I - REAR AREA -

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    M.AN.SERVICEFACILITY FAG

    PLATFORM

    FIRING SITE ICONTACT T E A M ~

    ( i ] ~ [ i j f ! . t . ' t - i l 1 1 : t 1 99.

    MODULESAND AFTSKIRTS'MODULES

    CABLES, RATE GYROS,BALLISTIC CASES

    DS/GS ORO CO !SPECIAL WEAPONS IJLLC EXCHANGECABLE REPLACEMENTRATE GYRO REPLACEMENT

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Pll REAR AREA HARDWARE(U) The rear area support equipment for a battalion includes a SCTS, an electrical shop set, a mechanical shop set, and therear area power unit. The support equipment is completely mobile and can be moved to field positions at appropriate alert measures

    in support of firing elements.

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    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Pll SYSTEM COMPONENTS TEST STATION(U) The PII system components test station (SCTS) is used to perform DS/GS maintenance of the PII system. TheSCTS van is hardened against nuclear overpressure and has provisions for CB protection through a CB filter unit and a protective entrance on the personnel door.(U) The SCTSs use a computer and software programs for testing missile sections and assemblies from the missile andassociated ground support equipment. The PII first and second stages and radar section are te sted in -container only . Theguidance and control/adapter section can be tested either in-container or in-van. Access to th e missile sections for in

    container testing is through access ports built into the container covers.(U) The major SCTS assemblies are the automatic test equipment (ATE), signal and power distribution cabinet, and a 28Vdc power supply. In additi on, the SCTS contains G&C/A section and integrated electronics unit dollies, a section handlingsling, and storage provisions for cables, programs, UUT adapters, cabl es, and running spares.

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    1 -' " ;

    "JJ

    1t

    Ill

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) SCTS CONFIGURATION(U) The system components test station (SCTS) is a mobile unit used for rear area maintenance of the Pll system. The SCTSuses computer and software programs for testing missile sections and assemblies as well as associated ground support equipment.

    The radar section and the first and second stages are designed for in-container testing outside the van with the container access portsremoved. Diagnostic software programs are provided for verification and fault isolation of the SCTS automat ic test equipment.

    UNCLASSIFIED104

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    G&C/ASECTIONDOLLY

    POWER ENTRYANDDISTRIBUTION

    -lEU DOLLY

    LEFT SIDE

    POWERSUPPLY

    VAN

    POWERENTRYPANEL

    VAN INTERIOR

    106

    STORAGECABINET

    RIGHT SIDE

    MOVABLEWORKBENCH

    ------

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    (U) Pll SCTS AUTOMATIC TEST EQUIPMENT(U) The automatic test equipment (ATE) in the SCTS provides the necessary stimuli, loads, switching operations, programcontrol, and measurements required for testing the PII missile sections, its assemblies, and associated ground support equipment.(U) To perform a test, a software program is selected 'and loaded into the compute r memory. The test program is thenexecuted as controlled by the operator from the CRT/keyboard assembly which provides the man/machine interface. The computer controls the stimuli, loads, measurement devices, and switching circuits to exercise the unit under test (UUT) throughprogrammed tests. Measurements, including frequency, period, time delay, resistance, impedance, and ac /dc voltages, are performed by the computer after special signal conditioning and conversion. In addition, the console is provided with a digitalvoltmeter, a counter, and an oscilloscope for manual measurement of signals. A printer is included as part of the computer

    assemblies. o provide a hard copy of the test results.(U) A digital tes ter is also provided to supply pulse and logic level stimuli to digital UUTs through a general purposematrix.

    UNCLASSIFIED106

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    .'t::lo. . .. .- ........... .'I . ,,

    ..ow. .....""' ....Q t.t.44 1:1 t J 107

    UNCLASSIFIED

    (U) PERSHING WORLDWIDE ACTIVITIES

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    (U) All support activities presently in place for Pia will provide the required support for PI I. The P ia CONUS and OCONUSdepot and modification facilities will be upgraded to provide support to Pershing prior to and following the fielding of PI I. The55th Maintenance Battalion (replaced the 579th GSU) will continue to provide DS/GS support to the 56th FA Brigade.

    (U) Since no new MOSs have been added as a result of Pll the existing Pershing schools will continue instructional suppor tof the system. The U.S. Army Engineering School (USAES), Ft. Belvoir, is not required for Pll due to the elimination of the Piapower station from the PII GSE.

    (U) Range support for FOT and Arty/Ord firings will continue in the same manner as Pia.(U) The 3/9th FA Battalion, Ft. Sill, Oklahoma, will continue as the rotation base for overseas units and will continue to

    support the ranges with manpower and equipment. In addition the 3/9th may also assume a tactical mission under FORSCOM.(U) The FRG support activities for Pia will continue and would continue to support the German Air Force should theymodernize their Pershing wings with PI b.

    UNCLASSI'FIED108

    iUNCLASSIFIED

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    ...-PUAD&MOD SHOP

    PPMO

    USAFS GAF DEPOT SUPPLYADMINISTRATIONAF MATERIAL

    COMMAND

    3/9TH e e MMCS& IGAF

    GAF SUPPLYWING ue DEPOTCHOOLS &MOD SHOP MOD SHOP / ' e FRANKFURTAFE TR MOD TEAM

    -UN-CLASSIFIED109

    41STe ORD e HEIDELBERGCO PPMO

    ~ " " " " ' eJ/84e 56TH ARTILLERY BRIGADEe 55TH MAINTENANCE BN

    e GAFWING I

    UNCLASSIFIED

    (U) PERSHING II AFFORDS VALUABLE GROWTH OPTIONS(U) Both the long range two stage and shorter range Plb missiles can deliver a variety of new payloads. Although no formalmilitary requirements have been established for these payloads to date, sufficient analyses have been performed to determinetechnical feasibility of each candidate.

    NUCLEAR EARTH PENETRATOR WARHEAD

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    (U) Originally a requirement for the Pershing system, this warhead was deleted in the FY 82 budget. The warhead has beendeveloped but there are no current plans to produce it. The missile design has been maintained to accept and deliver this warheadshould the requirement be reinstated.MIRV

    (U) The present terminally guided reentry vehicle can be replaced with a MIRV forebody containing up to three independently targeted warheads.CAM

    (U) The accuracy of PII makes a nonnuclear variant practical and cost effective. The present reentry vehicle can be packagedwith nonnuclear earth penetrators for attack of airfield runways. Other nonnuclear payloads such as BLU-63, M-74, bunkermunitions, and mines could also be delivered.OTHER WARHEADS

    (U) A variety of other conventional warheads have been analyzed for ballistic delivery in event such requirements areestablished.TWO MISSILES/LAUNCHER

    (U) Preliminary design work has been completed on a launcher capable of transporting and launching two of the single stagePlls. This capability could provide increased firepower to aid NATO in covering the mid-range target spectrum at a less expensivetooth -to-tail ratio than is possible with addit ional single missile launchers.

    UNCLASSIFIED110

    UNCLASSIFIED

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    /UNCLASSIFIED

    / EARTHPENETRATORWARHEAD

    I MIRV

    UNCLASSIFIEDt OTHERPJJ WARHEAD OPTIONS

    UNCLASSIFIE-D111

    \

    TWO PER LAUNCHERUNCLASSIFIED

    UNCLASSIFIED

    Plb

    UNCLASSIFIED

    (U) Pll FEATURES(U) PII is an evolutionary modernization of the Pershing weapon system which will be fielded using the existing command,and control, and support structure as its base.

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    (U) New motor stages and a terminally guided RV give Pll significantly increased range and an order of magnitude improvement in accuracy compared to Pia. The increased accuracy allows low yield warheads to be used that are consistent with SACEURpolicy to reduce collateral damage while maintaining high weapon effectiveness.

    (U) Pll is mobile, survivable, and as reliable as Pia; it also provides assured penetration to the target area. The PII system isdesigned to survive nuclear, chemical, and biological attack. High survivability, rapid reaction times, and short flight times makePII highly effecti ve in SACEUR's scheduled programs to strike high priorit y, time-sensitive targets.(U) The increased accuracy of PII allows the use of lower yield weapons which greatly reduces the potential for collateraldamage.(U) PII provides the flexibility for continued modernization of the Pershing weapon system and to allow it to meet anyadditions to its rolls and missions in the future. This capability is provided through its ability to deliver a variety of payloads and

    the ability to expand or modify its ground support equipment.

    UNCLASSIFIED112

    IUNCLASSIFIED

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    i EVOLUTIONARY MODERNIZATION TO PERSHING Ia SYSTEMFIELDED BY BOTH U.S. AND FAG PII IS A HIGHLY MOBILE, SURVIVABLE, ACCURATE BALLISTICMISSILE PROVIDES ASSURED PENETRATION TO THE TARGET AREA POTENTIALLY REDUCED COLLATERAL DAMAGE (LOWER YIELD

    WEAPONS USED) IOC- DECEMBER 1983 SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY

    L I J ~ tiJ ! ! t ~ i I@ 141113