Download - Periodic Table Introduction

THE PERIODIC TABLE

K WARNE -GRADE 10

Increasing atomic number (Z)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na

Very

reactive

gas

Un

reactive

gas

Very

Reactive

metal

Very

reactive

Gas

Un

reactive

gas

Very

reactive

metal

THE PATTERN BEGINS TO REPEAT

AFTER EVERY 8 ELEMENTS!

SAMPLE ONLY SAMPLE ONLY SAMPLE ONLY


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The Periodic TableInteractive Periodic Table; www.ptable.com

I II <--GROUP NUMBERS--> III IV V VI VII 0

1 2

H He

1 KEY 4

3 4 Atomic number 3 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li BeLi Symbol B C N O F Ne

7 9 Mass number 7 11 12 14 16 19 20

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

86 88 89 91 93 96 99 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

133 137 139 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 210 210 222

87 88 89

Fr Ra Ac

223 226 227

* 58 - 71 Lanthanides58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

140 141 144 145 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175

90 - 103 Actinides90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Th Pa U Np Pu AmCm Bk Cf Es Fm Nd No Lr

232 231 238 237 239 243 247 247 252 (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)

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The Periodic TableInteractive Periodic Table; www.ptable.comGI Metals – light grey, react vigorously with water –

release Hydrogen gas – reaction gets more vigorous

as you go down the group.

GVII HALOGENS toxic reactive gases, liquids & solids

– reactivity DECREASES as you go down!









Periodicity Physical Properties

GROUP I

Soft

grey

/silver

metal

light

(float)

Low Mp

Group II

Metals

silver / grey

Harder than GI

More dense

than GI

density increases

down

Higher Mp & Bp

than GI

G8

Moloatomic

Low Bp

Low Densitys

(all gases)

Colourless

Ouderless

GROUP VII

HALOGENS

Diatomic molec.

F2 pale Y gas

Varying colours

Intensity

increases

down

LOW melting &

Bpts

(liqs & Gases,

I2 sublimes)









The Periodic Table

I VIIIColumns

Groups

= Rows

The number of VALENCE ELECTRONS for any element equals it’s GROUP NUMBER

Periods

II III IV V VI VII<-- Group Numbers -->

• The number of bonds made by an element is called its VALENCY.

• METALS: Valency = number of VALENCE electrons. = GROUP NUMBER.

• Non-metals: Valency = 8 - the group number.

• The number is often written as a MINUS (for non metals) - this represents the

charge formed. (Negative because electrons gained)

1 2 Valence Electrons 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 Valency / Bonds 3 4 -3 -2 -1 0









The Periodic TableColumns - Groups - 8

Non-metals

metals

semi-metalsHalogensI

II III IV V VI VII

Rows - Periods

Nobel/Inert

Gases

Alkali Metals

Alkali-earth

Metals









Atomic Radius Trends









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