Vocabulary
Investigation 1 basalt scoria
tuff dull
Earth material geologist granite mineral property texture rocks
river rocks size
shape sand
weathering hand lens
Investigation 3 asphalt brick
course concrete
fine harden matrix
medium natural resources
sandpaper sculpture sidewalk
Investigation 2 layer sink
settle screens separate mixture particles pebble gravel sand silt
boulder cobble
clay
Investigation 4 decay
fresh water gas
humus lake liquid ocean pond retain river
saltwater soil solid
stream
basalt 玄武岩 xuán wǔ yán
grey hard rock; once the liquid lava that
came out of a volcano
scoria 火山渣 huǒ shān zhā
reddish, bubbly rock made from the ash from
the fires of a volcano
tuff 凝灰岩 níng huī yán the light, soft rock made
from the ash of a volcano
Investigation 1 Words
dull 暗的 àn de
a rock property- not shiny, without
brightness or sheen
Earth Material 土石材料 tǔ shí cái liào
minerals, rocks, soil, and water- natural materials that can be found on the
Earth
geologist 地質學家 dì zhì xué jiā
a scientist who studies rocks
Investigation 1 Words
granite 花崗石 huā gǎng shí
a very hard rock that is used in buildings and
monuments
Mineral 礦物 kuàng wù
a substance that is naturally formed under
the ground
Property 特性 tè xìng
words used to describe rocks [rough, smooth,
dull, shiny]
Investigation 1 Words
texture 質地 zhì dì
how smooth or rough a rock feels to the touch
rocks 石頭 shí tou
a naturally occurring group of minerals, an
Earth material
river rocks 河流岩石 hé liú yán shí
rocks found in rivers, usually smooth from the constant water rushing
over them
Investigation 1 Words
sand 沙 shā
what is made when rocks are rubbed
together
shape 形狀 xíng zhuàng
circle, square, heart, triangle, hexagon, etc.
rocks can be many shapes
size 大小 dà xiǎo
how big or small something is
Investigation 1 Words
weathering 風化 fēng huà
when rocks break into smaller pieces because
of rain, water, wind, (natural weather)
hand lens 放大鏡 fàng dà jìng
a small magnified glass used to see small objects up close
Investigation 1 Words
layer 分層 fēn céng
when rocks are formed, earth material can begin to layer causing stripes
sink 沉 chén
when something falls to the bottom because of it’s
size or weight
settle 沈澱 chén diàn
gradually moving to it’s resting place- usually sinking to the bottom
Investigation 2 Words
separate 分開 fēn kāi
when soil settles into separate layers, or separating rocks by
their properties
mixture 混合物 hùn hé wù
a material made up of 2 or more Earth materials
blended together
particle 沙粒 shā lì
one individual piece of sand
Investigation 2 Words
silt 淤泥 yū ní
silt is smaller than sand, but larger than
clay
gravel 碎石 suì shí
a large amount of rock pieces, used on roads and
driveways
pebble 鵝卵石 é luǎn shí
a small stone made smooth by wind or
water
Investigation 2 Words
boulder 大圓石 dà yuán shí
a large rock, typically broken off a mountain
or cliff
cobble 圓石 yuán shí
a rock larger then a pebble, but smaller than a
boulder, used to make roads called cobblestone
clay 黏土 niān tǔ
a fine grained soil, mixed with water clay can be used to make pots, jars, and bowls
Investigation 2 Words
screen 篩子 shāi zi
a metal guard, used to separate different
sized objects (rocks)
Investigation 2 Words
asphalt 瀝青 lì qīng
a mixture of sand and gravel used to surface
roads
brick 磚 zhuān a block of clay, sand, lime, and soil mixed together
and dried- used for construction
coarse 粗糙 cū cāo
feels rough, something made up of large
particles
Investigation 3 Words
fine 細滑的 xì huá de
feels smooth, something made up of very small particles
sidewalk 行人道 xíng rén dào
a path along side of a road, usually made of
concrete concrete 混凝土 hùn níng tǔ
a mixture of water, sand, and clay- used to
build and construct
Investigation 3 Words
matrix 基質 jī zhì
a substance made with cornstarch and cold water-
used in sand sculptures
sculpture 雕塑 diāo sù
using matrix and sand to form an object
Mortar 砂漿 shā jiāng a mixed paste used to bind bricks together
[made up of water, clay, and fine sand]
Investigation 3 Words
natural resources 自然資源 zì rán zī yuán resources that are
naturally in an environment; water, rocks, minerals,
sandpaper 砂紙 shā zhǐ
a heavy paper with sand attached to one side; used
to smooth out wood
Investigation 3 Words
decay 腐爛的 fǔ làn
rotted or decomposed
fresh water 淡水 dàn shuǐ
a natural resource, water without bacteria, salt, etc.
gas 氣體 qì tǐ
one of the states of matter
Investigation 4 Words
humus 腐殖質 fǔ zhí zhì
organic materials broken down and combined with soil
lake 湖 hú
a body of fresh water, can vary in size, has shoreline
all around the lake
liquid 液體 yè tǐ
one of the states of matter, can pour; water, milk, soda
Investigation 4 Words
ocean 洋 yáng
a large body of salt water that covers 70% of the Earth’s surface
pond 池塘 chí táng
a body of standing water, usually shallow; can be man-made or natural
stream 小溪 xiǎo xī
a body of water with a current, that is narrow and surrounded by banks (land)
Investigation 4 Words
river 河 hé larger than a stream, body of water with a current;
usually runs into an ocean or lake
saltwater 鹽水 yán shuǐ
water with salt in it, all oceans are filled with salt
water
soil 土壤 tǔ rǎng a mixture of organic
matter, gasses, liquids, and organisms that can
support plant life gù
Investigation 4 Words
solid 固體 gù tǐ
a state of matter, does not take the shape of a container, solid, firm
Investigation 4 Words
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