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The current edition of these two volumes is substantially
changed from the previous two editions. One importantchange is the title. The previous editions were entitledThoracic Surgery and Esophageal Surgery. The current volumes are renamed Pearson’s Thoracic and EsophagealSurgery. This change acknowledges the enormous impactDr. Pearson has had on developing, practicing, teaching, andresearch in the discipline we have come to know as generalthoracic surgery. Dr. Pearson was the senior editor of thefirst two editions of this text, and, with his appointmentas honorary editor to this edition, the editors decided thechange in name was timely. It should be noted that virtuallyall of the authors of the previous and current editionshave been students, partners, or colleagues of Dr. Pearsonor were themselves trained by one of Dr. Pearson’strainees.
This edition was developed and executed by a new edito-rial board. With the untimely death of Dr. Robert Ginsbergand the retirement of Drs. Harold Urschel and Clem Hiebertfrom the editorial board, we were given an opportunity toadd illustrious new members. Dr. James Luketich brings aninternational reputation for the development of minimallyinvasive surgery and other innovative techniques in thoracicsurgery. Drs. Tom Rice and Toni Lerut have both made majorcontributions to the field of esophageal surgery. They sharedprincipal responsibility for editing the esophageal volume. Ofcourse, Dr. Lerut also brings an important international per-spective to this edition and was able to recruit a number of
international experts as authors. As in prior editions, Drs. JoelCooper and Jean Deslauriers continue to make importantcontributions to the thoracic volume. It has been my privilegeto serve as senior editor of this edition.
The editorial board has reflected on the recent passing o
two outstanding thoracic surgeons, both of whom were influential in the evolution of this textbook. In recognition of theicontributions, the thoracic volume is dedicated to Dr. RoberGinsberg and the esophageal volume is dedicated to MrRonald Belsey. These volumes have not previously been dedicated, but the appropriateness of these dedications is evidenby the tributes to these great surgeons that follow on subsequent pages.
The content of these two volumes has changed dramatically to reflect developments in the 6 years since the lasedition. The vast majority of chapters are new additions orprior topics rewritten by new authors. The authorship represents an excellent collection of expertise from North American and international contributors.
These thoracic and esophageal volumes embody the enthusiasm and exciting developments that characterize generathoracic surgery internationally. The biology of diseases weconfront is being clarified by outstanding basic and clinicaresearch. Clinical staging of thoracic malignancies, althoughstill not perfect, is much more accurate than only a few yearago. Innovative surgeons have developed and refined minimally invasive techniques for many operative procedures wperform routinely. National and international societies as welas an increasing number of institutions continue to commito the development of general thoracic surgery. Postgraduattraining and curriculum requirements demand attention toand focus on general thoracic surgery. Although we as practic
ing thoracic surgeons benefit from this progress, the ultimatebeneficiaries are the young surgeons attracted to this excitinfield and, of course, our patients.
G. Alexander Patterson, MD, FRCSC
Preface
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Robert J. Ginsberg was a Canadian thoracic surgeon who became one of the most recognizedworld leaders in thoracic oncology. His success was the result of great leadership capability,drive, and innovative initiative, combined with his exceptional talent for obtaining loyal, enthu-siastic support from colleagues from every level of status and experience. These leadership andorganizational talents were exemplified by his coordination of the University of Toronto Tho-racic Surgery Group and their highly successful role in the U.S. National Institutes of Health(NIH)–sponsored Lung Cancer Study Group (LCSG) trials.
Bob was born, raised, and largely educated in Toronto. He gradu-ated with honors (Alpha Omega Alpha) from the University ofToronto Medical School in 1963, and he obtained his Canadiancertificate in general surgery in 1968. He then became the firstChief Resident in the newly created Division of General ThoracicSurgery at Toronto General Hospital (TGH) at the University ofToronto.
He subsequently spent 1 year as a Fellow at Baylor UniversitySchool of Medicine in Dallas, Texas, on the Cardiothoracic Serviceof Drs. Donald Paulson and Harold Urschel. At that time, DonaldPaulson was a world leader in the surgical staging and operativemanagement of lung cancer. Bob spent the following year as SeniorRegistrar at the University of Birmingham in England. There heacquired further knowledge of thoracic surgery and met Dr. GordonCummings, who stimulated his lifelong interest in pulmonary func-tion studies and their practical application for the management ofresectable lung cancer.
Bob died on March 1, 2003. He was a founding editor of this textbook, and the thoracicsurgery volume of this third edition is appropriately dedicated in his name. He is greatly missedby his friends, colleagues, and students.
QUALITIES A gruff, sometimes forbidding, demeanor camouflaged a vibrant, warm personality and a will-ingness to give his all for colleagues, students, or patients.
Astonishingly unselfish behavior was happily combined with unusual foresight. As his mentorHarold Urschel frequently observed, “Bob Ginsberg could see the big picture.” Bob’s selfless-ness recruited enthusiastic and loyal support from everyone.
These qualities were exemplified on the occasion of the appointment of a new Chief ofGeneral Thoracic Surgery at TGH and the University of Toronto in 1978. Many expected Bobto be appointed the new Chief of General Thoracic Surgery, but he did have competition.Dr. Joel D. Cooper, who had been on staff in the TGH Division of General Thoracic Divisionsince migrating from the Massachusetts General Hospital in 1972, had previously indicated hiswish to stay in Canada for about 5 years and then return to his native United States. But Joelchanged his mind and threw his hat into the ring for the Chief of General Thoracic Surgery
position. When doing so, he stated that, if appointed, he was prepared to remain in Torontofor the next 10 years. About 2 weeks after Joel’s declaration of interest, Bob appeared in Dr.F. Griffith Pearson’s office stating that he wanted to withdraw his name for consideration. Whenasked why, Bob replied, “If I take the job, Joel Cooper will leave, and that would be a greatloss for Toronto.” This was a selfless act but, in the end, a great judgment by Bob. Within 1 year,Joel recruited Bob to the staff of TGH and appointed Bob Director of Thoracic Oncology.These two individualistic and exceptionally able men complemented one another, and the Divi-sion of Thoracic Surgery undoubtedly became stronger for their dual presence.
Bob was a very skilled technical surgeon, remaining cool and innovative under duress. Fortrainees at all levels, he was a consummate teacher. Some found him unduly frank and out-spoken with his judgments, but this was always aimed at the best interest of the student.
Robert Jason Ginsberg
i
Dedication for Dr. Robert Jason Ginsberg (1940-2003)
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Finally, he was a compassionate man. Inevitably, he became much loved and appreciated byhis colleagues and was generally revered by his patients.
ACCOMPLISHMENTSBob’s contributions to the Toronto Thoracic Surgery Group and this group’s participation inthe NIH-sponsored LCSG multicenter North American randomized trials (1977-1989) hasalready been mentioned. It is notable, however, that Bob and a medical oncologist colleague,Dr. Michael Baker, wrote and submitted the successful Request for Proposal to the NIH from
their home hospital—the Toronto Western Hospital—not TGH. Bob subsequently becamePrinciple Investigator (PI) for Toronto and remained so between 1979 and 1989. The TorontoThoracic Surgery Group was one of the seven original participating North American Centers.Toronto accrued almost half of the total number of patients in the LCSG trials. This remark-able productivity was the result of Bob’s success in recruiting thoracic surgeons and theirpatients from the University of Toronto–affiliated hospitals. Bob himself was a leader amongthe PIs from other participating American centers. He was the originator of the much quotedstudy on mortality rates for some 2500 lung cancer resections entered in LCSG trials duringthe first 3 years of study. Bob proposed and wrote the protocol for the trial comparing lobec-tomy with lesser resection for stage 1, non–small cell tumors.
In 1990, Bob became Head of Thoracic Surgery at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centerin New York City. He considerably broadened and strengthened their already notable clinicalprogram, as well as the thoracic residency experience.
His curriculum vitae listed some 260 publications, many editorial appointments, and count-less invitations throughout the world as visiting professor. He was an indefatigable worker.
AVOCATIONSUndoubtedly, his greatest pleasure was time spent with his family: his wife Charlotte and theirthree children Karen (a pediatrician in New York City), Jordan (a secondary school teacher inNew York City), and David (a restaurateur in Toronto). Many weekends and holidays werespent at the family cottage on Lake Simcoe, where Bob was constantly adding or fixing upsomething. It was here that Charlotte and Bob had planned to retire. Bob and his wife wereboth experienced and enthusiastic world travelers. Bob was widely known for his love of goodfood, odd food, and fine restaurants. He was a formidable amateur chef.
F. Griffith Pearson, MDG. Alexander Patterson, MD, FRCSC
Dedicationx
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Ghulam Abbas, MD
Director of Image-Guided Thoracic Surgery and AssistantProfessor, Heart, Lung, and Esophageal Surgery Institute,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh,PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Alternatives to Surgical Resection for Non–Small
Cell Lung Cancer
David J. Adelstein, MDProfessor of Medicine, Department of Solid Tumor Oncology,
Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College ofMedicine, Cleveland, OhioTHORACIC: Definitive Management of Inoperable Non–Small
Cell Lung Cancer
Clemens Aigner, MDDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical Universityof Vienna, Vienna, AustriaTHORACIC: Bronchiectasis; Evaluation and Management of
Elevated Diaphragm
Marco Alifano, MDSurgeon, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hôtel Dieu,
Hospital of Paris, Paris, FranceTHORACIC: Plication of the Diaphragm
Mark S. Allen, MDChair, Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Professor of
Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester,MinnesotaTHORACIC: Radionecrosis and Infection of the Chest Wall
and Sternum
Nasser K. Altorki, MD, MBBChProfessor and Chief of Thoracic Surgery and Director, Center
of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Department of Cardiotho-racic Surgery, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York,New YorkESOPHAGEAL: Primary Surgery for Adenocarcinoma of the
Esophagus; Three-Field Lymph Node Dissection for Cancerof the Esophagus
THORACIC: Early Detection and Screening of Lung Cancer
Rafael S. Andrade, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, University of Minnesota
Medical School; Thoracic Surgeon, Fairview UniversityMedical Center, Minneapolis, MinnesotaESOPHAGEAL: Peptic Esophagitis, Peptic Stricture, and
Short Esophagus
Michael J. Andritsos, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of AnesthesiologyOhio State University School of Medicine, ColumbusOhioTHORACIC: Anesthesia for Airway Surgery
M. Janine Arruda, MDStaff, Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland
Fairview Hospital, Cleveland; Medina General HospitalMedina; Parma Community Hospital, Parma, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Vascular Tracheoesophageal Compression
Vascular Rings, Pulmonary Artery Sling, and Innominate Artery Compression of the Trachea
Simon K. Ashiku, MDSurgeon, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts Genera
Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Tracheomalacia
Ahmad S. Ashrafi, MD, FRCSCThoracic Surgeon, Niagara Health System, St. Catherines
Ontario, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Open Toupet and Dor Partia
FundoplicationsTHORACIC: Unusual Mediastinal Tumors
Carl Lewis Backer, MDProfessor of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinber
School of Medicine; A. C. Buehler Professor of Cardio vascular-Thoracic Surgery, Division of CardiovascularThoracic Surgery, Children’s Memorial Hospital, ChicagoIllinoisTHORACIC: Congenital Anomalies: Vascular Rings
Majit S. Bains, MD Attending Surgeon, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Professor of Surgery, Cornell University Medical CollegeNew York, New YorkESOPHAGEAL: Unusual Malignancies
Mark E. Baker, MDStaff, Diagnostic Radiology and Taussig Cancer Institute
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Radiology, Computed Tomography, and
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Farzaneh Banki, MDCardiothoracic Fellow, Department of Surgery, Division o
Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle WashingtonTHORACIC: Inflammatory Conditions of the Airway
Contributors
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Contributorsxii
Nancy L. Bartlett, MD Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Oncology
Division, Medical Oncology Section, Washington Univer-sity, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Lymphoma of the Mediastinum
Richard J. Battafarano, MD, PhDChief, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Maryland
Medical Center; Associate Professor, University of Mary-land School of Medicine, Baltimore, MarylandESOPHAGEAL: Complications of Esophageal ResectionTHORACIC: Open Drainage of Thoracic Infections; Diagnos-
tic Strategies for a Chest Wall Mass
Gilles Beauchamp, MDProfessor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, University
of Montreal; Division of Thoracic Surgery, HôpitalMaisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaTHORACIC: Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Pneumo-
mediastinum
Ricardo A. Bello, MDClinical Instructor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine; Instructor of Cardiothoracic Surgery,Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New YorkTHORACIC: Mediastinal Lymph Node Dissection
W. Fred Bennett, MD, FRCSC Assistant Professor, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Depart-
ment of Surgery, McMaster University Faculty of HealthSciences, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions
Michel G. Bergeron, MD, FRCPCDirector, Division of Microbiology, Laval University and
Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Quebec City,Quebec, CanadaTHORACIC: Pulmonary Infections in the Immunocompro-
mised Host
Yves Bergeron, PhD Adjunct Professor, Laval University; Project Leader, Research
Center for Infectious Diseases, Quebec City, Quebec,CanadaTHORACIC: Pulmonary Infections in the Immunocompro-
mised Host
Sanjeev Bhalla, MD Assistant Professor of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Radi-
ology, Thoracic Imaging Section; Chief, Thoracic ImagingSection; Co-Chief, Body Computed Tomography; AssistantRadiology Residency Program Director, Mallinckrodt Insti-tute of Radiology, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Imaging of the Upper Airway
Costas Bizekis, MD Assistant Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Director,
Esophageal Surgery Program; Director, General ThoracicSurgery, Bellevue Hospital, Division of Thoracic Surgery,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Univer-sity Medical Center, New York, New YorkESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Diverticula
Brendan J. Boland, MDResident in General Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, Uni-
versity of Southern California, Los Angeles, CaliforniaESOPHAGEAL: En-Bloc Resection of the Esophagus
Michael Bousamra, II, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Louisville;
Director of Lung Transplantation, Jewish Hospital; Headof Thoracic Surgery, James Graham Brown Cancer Center,Louisville, KentuckyTHORACIC: Neurogenic Tumors of the Mediastinum
Jeffrey D. Bradley, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Alvin J.Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Induction and Adjuvant Therapy for Operable
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Mario Brandolino, MDFormer Head, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Saint Bois
Hospital; Former Head, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Asociacion Española, Montevideo, UruguayTHORACIC: Rare Infections of the Pleural Space
Carl E. Bredenberg, MDProfessor of Surgery, University of Vermont College of Medi-
cine, Burlington, Vermont; Surgeon-in-Chief Emeritus,Maine Medical Center, Portland, MaineESOPHAGEAL: Selection and Placement of Conduits
Ross M. Bremner, MD, PhDChief, General Thoracic Surgery and Director, Center for
Thoracic Diseases, Heart and Lung Institute, St. Joseph’sHospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, ArizonaTHORACIC: Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Mary P. Bronner, MDSection Head, Morphologic Molecular Pathology; Director,
Gastrointestinal Pathology, Department of AnatomicPathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL:Histopathology of Gastroesophageal Disease
and Barrett’s Esophagus
Ayesha Bryant, MSPH, MD Assistant Professor, Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of
Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AlabamaTHORACIC: Anatomy and Physiology of the Chest Wall and
Sternum With Surgical Implications
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Contributors
Joshua H. Burack, MDClinical Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Division
of Cardiothoracic Surgery, State University of New York–Downstate, Brooklyn, New YorkTHORACIC: Pathophysiology and Initial Management of
Thoracic Trauma
Raul Burgos, MDProfessor of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University
Autonoma of Madrid; Staff, Thoracic and CardiovascularSurgery, Puerta de Mierro University Hospital, Madrid,SpainTHORACIC: Parasitic Diseases of the Lung and Pleura
Jean S. Bussières, MD Associate Professor, Laval University; Anesthesiologist, Uni-
versity Heart and Lung Institute, Laval Hospital, QuebecCity, Quebec, CanadaTHORACIC: Anesthesia for General Thoracic Surgery
Javier H. Campos, MDProfessor of Anesthesia; Vice Chair of Clinical Affairs;
Medical Director, Operating Rooms; Director of Cardio-thoracic Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Universityof Iowa Health Care, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver Collegeof Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics,Iowa City, IowaTHORACIC: Anesthesia for General Thoracic Surgery
Mieke Cannie, MDDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg,
Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag-
matic Hernia
Stephen D. Cassivi, MD, MSc, FRCSC Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of General ThoracicSurgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; ConsultantSurgeon and Surgical Director of Lung Transplantation,Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,MinnesotaTHORACIC: Mycotic Infections of the Lung
Alan G. Casson, MB, ChB, MSc, FRCSCProfessor of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan; Head,
Department of Surgery, Saskatoon Health Region, Saska-toon, Saskatchewan, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Biology and Epidemiology of Malignant
Esophageal Carcinoma
Evaristo Castedo, MDProfessor of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Autonoma of
Madrid; Staff, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Puertade Mierro University Hospital, Madrid, SpainTHORACIC: Parasitic Diseases of the Lung and Pleura
Robert James Cerfolio, MDProfessor of Surgery, Department of Surgery; Chief of Tho
racic Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AlabamaTHORACIC: Early Postoperative Complications; Closed
Drainage and Suction Systems
Ibrahim Bulent Cetindag, MDGeneral Surgery, Southern Illinois University School o
Medicine, Springfield, IllinoisTHORACIC: Thoracoscopy
Jacques E. Chelly, MD, PhD, MBAProfessor of Anesthesiology and Vice Chair of Clinica
Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University oPittsburgh Physicians, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Perioperative Pain Management
Priscilla Chiu, MD, PhDStaff Pediatric Surgeon, Division of General Surgery, Hospi
tal for Sick Children; Assistant Professor, Department oSurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadTHORACIC: Mediastinal Cysts and Duplications in Infants
and Children
Neil A. Christie, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Heart, Lung, and Esophagea
Surgery Institute and Director, LIFE Bronchoscopy anEarly Lung Cancer Detection Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaESOPHAGEAL: Palliation of Esophageal Cancer
Andy T. A. Chung, MDInstructor of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wash
ington University School of Medicine; Instructor, Barnes
Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MissouriESOPHAGEAL: Free Vascularized Grafts in Esophagea
Reconstruction
R. Brannon Claytor, MDClinical Instructor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Lahey Clinic
Burlington, Massachusetts; Clinical Instructor, MainMedical Center for the University of Vermont College oMedicine, Portland; Plastic and Hand Surgical AssociatesSouth Portland, MaineTHORACIC: Surgery of the Phrenic Nerve
Joel D. Cooper, MDProfessor of Surgery and Chief, Division of Thoracic Surgery
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Investigation and Management of the Indetermi
nate Pulmonary Nodule; Transcervical Thymectomy foNonthymomatous Myasthenia Gravis
Mario Costantini, MDDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinica Chirur
gica III, University of Padova School of Medicine, PadovaItalyESOPHAGEAL: Function Tests
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Contributorsxiv
Anita P. Courcoulas, MD, MPHChief, Minimally Invasive Bariatric and General Surgery,
Associate Professor of Surgery, University of PittsburghSchool of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh MedicalCenter, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaESOPHAGEAL: Reflux in the Morbidly Obese
Thomas A. D’Amico, MDProfessor of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Duke
University Medical Center, Durham, North CarolinaTHORACIC: Diagnosis and Staging of Lung Cancer
Gail Darling, MD, FRCSC Associate Professor and Residency Program Director, Depart-
ment of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Universityof Toronto; Consultant, Thoracic Surgery, Department ofSurgical Oncology, Toronto General Hospital and PrincessMargaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto,Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Bacterial Infections of the Lung
Philippe Dartevelle, MDProfessor of Thoracic Surgery, University Paris-Sud, Paris;Chairman, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgeryand Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hospital Marie-Lannelongue, Les Plessis Robinson, FranceTHORACIC: Carinal Resection
Alberto de Hoyos, MDDirector, Center for Robotic and Minimally Invasive Thoracic
Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiotho-racic Surgery; Assistant Professor of Surgery, FeinbergSchool of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital,Chicago, IllinoisTHORACIC: Principles of Airway Surgery: Management of
Acute Airway Obstruction
Marc de Perrot, MD, MScDepartment of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto
General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Carinal Resection
Charl J. De Wet, MBChB Associate Professor, Departments of Anesthesiology and
Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine;Medical Director, Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit,Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Critical Care of the Thoracic Surgical Patient
Anne Debeer, MDDepartment of Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg,
Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag-
matic Hernia
Malcolm M. DeCamp, Jr., MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School;
Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Dea-coness Medical Center, Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Role of Lung Biopsy in Interstitial Lung Disease
Farrokh Dehdashti, MDProfessor, Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis,MissouriESOPHAGEAL: Nuclear Imaging
Steven R. DeMeester, MD Associate Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of
Southern California; Chief, Section of Foregut and Tho-racic Surgery, Los Angeles County/University of SouthernCalifornia Medical Center, Los Angeles, CaliforniaESOPHAGEAL: Colon Interposition
Tom R. DeMeester, MDJeffrey P. Smith Professor of General and Thoracic Surgery;
Chairman, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medi-cine, University of Southern California; Chief of Surgery,Department of Surgery, University of Southern CaliforniaUniversity Hospital, Los Angeles, CaliforniaESOPHAGEAL: Function Tests
Jan Deprest, MDObstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuis-berg, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag-
matic Hernia
Claude Deschamps, MDProfessor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic
College of Medicine, Rochester, MinnesotaTHORACIC: Fibrothorax and Decortication
Jean Deslauriers, MD, FRCSCProfessor, Department of Surgery, Laval University Faculty
of Medicine; Chief, Thoracic Surgery Division, Center of
Pulmonology, Laval Hospital, Quebec City, Quebec,CanadaTHORACIC: Tuberculosis and Atypical Mycobacterial Dis-
eases; Bronchoplasty; Anatomy and Physiology of thePleural Space; Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions;Thoracoplasty; Fibrothorax and Decortication; Anatomy and Physiology of the Chest Wall and Sternum With Surgi-cal Implications; Congenital Diaphragmatic Malformations
Frank C. Detterbeck, MDProfessor and Chief, Thoracic Surgery; Associate Director,
Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine,New Haven, ConnecticutTHORACIC: Thymic Tumors: A Review of Current Diagnosis,
Classification, and Treatment
Ismael A. Conti Díaz, MDFormer Professor and Chairman, Department of Parasitology
and Mycology, School of Medicine, University of theRepublic, Montevideo, UruguayTHORACIC: Rare Infections of the Pleural Space
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Contributors
Elise Doné, MDObstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuis-
berg, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag-
matic Hernia
Daniel P. Doody, MDSurgery Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,
MassachusettsESOPHAGEAL: Congenital Anomalies
Gregory P. Downey, MD, FRCPC Vice Chair, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Bacterial Infections of the Lung
Robert J. Downey, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tho-
racic Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,New York, New YorkTHORACIC: Rare Primary Malignant Neoplasms of the
Lung
Christopher T. Ducko, MDInstructor in Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard
Medical School; Associate Surgeon, Division of ThoracicSurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston,MassachusettsTHORACIC: Pleural Tumors
John A. Dumot, DO Vice Chairman, Clinical Practice, Gastroenterology and Hep-
atology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Flexible Endoscopy
Brian W. Duncan, MDStaff, Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, ClevelandClinic, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Vascular Tracheoesophageal Compression:
Vascular Rings, Pulmonary Artery Sling, and Innominate Artery Compression of the Trachea
André Duranceau, MD, FRCSCProfessor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of
Thoracic Surgery, Esophageal Surgery Section, Universityof Montreal; Thoracic Surgeon, Centre Hospitalier del’Université de Montreal, Division of Thoracic Surgery,Montreal, Quebec, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Physiology of the Esophagus and Classifica-
tion of Esophageal Motor Abnormalities; Pharyngeal andCricopharyngeal Disorders
Steven A. Edmundowicz, MDProfessor of Medicine, Washington University; Chief of
Endoscopy, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MissouriESOPHAGEAL: Endoscopic Management of Reflux
David M. Einstein, MDStaff, Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland
OhioESOPHAGEAL: Radiology, Computed Tomography, and
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
F. Henry Ellis, Jr., MD, PhDClinical Professor of Surgery Emeritus, Harvard Medica
School; Chief Emeritus, Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryNew England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MassachusettESOPHAGEAL: Open Nissen Fundoplication
Elie Fadel, MDProfessor of Thoracic Surgery, University Paris-Sud, Paris
Thoracic Surgeon, Department of Thoracic and VasculaSurgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hospital MarieLannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, FranceTHORACIC: Carinal Resection
Stanley C. Fell, MDProfessor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein Colleg
of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Chief Emeritus, Divisionof Cardiothoracic Surgery, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsESOPHAGEAL: Gastric Tubes: Reversed and Nonreversed
Esophageal PerforationTHORACIC: History and Development of General Thoracic
Surgery; Segmental Resection
Timothy S. Fenske, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Medicine, Neoplastic Diseases and
Related Disorders, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WisconsinTHORACIC: Lymphoma of the Mediastinum
Mark K. Ferguson, MDProfessor, Department of Surgery, University of ChicagoHead, Thoracic Surgery Service, University of ChicagoMedical Center, Chicago, IllinoisTHORACIC: Preoperative Assessment of the Thoracic Surgi
cal Patient
Felix G. Fernandez, MDDepartment of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Washington University School of Medicine, St. LouisMissouriTHORACIC: Extended Pulmonary Resections
Hiran C. Fernando, MD, FRCS Associate Professor, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Boston Univer
sity; Director, Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery, BostonMedical Center, Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Alternatives to Surgical Resection for Non–Sma
Cell Lung Cancer
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Contributorsxvi
Pasquale Ferraro, MD, FRCSC Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Tho-
racic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, University ofMontreal; Chief, Division of Thoracic Surgery, CentreHospitalier de l’Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec,CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Pharyngeal and Cricopharyngeal Disorders
Lorenzo E. Ferri, MD, FRCSC Assistant Professor of Surgery, McGill University; Thoracic
and Esophageal Surgeon, McGill University Health Centre,Montreal, Quebec, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Reconstruction After Pharyngolaryngec-
tomy
Peter F. Ferson, MDProfessor of Surgery, Heart, Lung, and Esophageal Surgery
Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pitts-burgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Late Sequelae of Thoracic Injury
Jonathan F. Finks, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of GeneralSurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MichiganESOPHAGEAL: Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication
Richard J. Finley, MDProfessor and Head, Division of Thoracic Surgery,
Depart-ment of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancou- ver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia,CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Rings and Webs; Surgical Approaches for
Primary Motor Disorders of the Esophagus
Raja M. Flores, MD Assistant Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department
of Surgery, Cornell University Medical College; Assistant Attending Surgeon, Thoracic Surgery Service, Departmentof Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NewYork, New YorkTHORACIC: Robotic-Assisted Video-Assisted Thoracic
Surgery Lobectomy
Alexander A. Fokin, MD, PhD Associate Director and Director of Surgical Research, Heine-
man Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Car-diovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Carolinas MedicalCenter, Charlotte, North CarolinaTHORACIC: Complications of Midline Sternotomy; Complica-
tions of Pectus Deformity Repair
Dalilah Fortin, MD, FRCSC Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery,
University of Western Ontario, London Health SciencesCentre, Victoria Hospital, London, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: The Thoracic Duct and Chylothorax
Éric Fréchette, MDClinical Teacher of Surgery, Laval University; Staff Surgeon,
Thoracic Surgery, Laval Hospital, Quebec City, Quebec,CanadaTHORACIC: Congenital Diaphragmatic Malformations
Henning A. Gaissert, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School;
Associate Visiting Surgeon, Division of Thoracic Surgery,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Primary Tumors of the Trachea; Tracheostomy
Ziv Gamliel, MD, MScChief, Thoracic Surgery, St. Joseph Medical Center, Towson,
MarylandESOPHAGEAL: Induction and Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer
of the Esophagus
Sanjiv K. Gandhi, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery,
Washington University; Associate Professor of Surgery,Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Cardiotho-racic Surgery, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis,MissouriTHORACIC: Pediatric Mediastinal Tumors
Mario C. Ghefter, MDDirector, General Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Do Servidor
Publico Estadual, Sao Paulo, BrazilTHORACIC: Penetrating Thoracic Trauma
David S. Gierada, MD Associate Professor, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis,Missouri
THORACIC:Pleura Imaging; Chest Wall and Sternum Imaging;Imaging of the Diaphragm
Sebastien Gilbert, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Heart, Lung, and Esophageal
Surgery Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Late Sequelae of Thoracic Injury
Allan M. Goldstein, MDSurgery Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,
MassachusettsESOPHAGEAL: Congenital Anomalies
Ramaswamy Govindan, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Wash-
ington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Induction and Adjuvant Therapy for Operable
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Contributors
Geoffrey M. Graeber, MDProfessor of Surgery, Section of Thoracic and Cardiovascular
Surgery; Chief, General Thoracic Surgery Service, Depart-ment of Surgery, West Virginia School of Medicine, Mor-gantown, West VirginiaTHORACIC: Neoplasms of the Chest Wall; Chest Wall and
Sternum Resection and Reconstruction
Jocelyn Grégoire, MDClinical Instructor and Professor, Department of Surgery,Laval University School of Medicine; Thoracic Surgeonand Consultant, Center of Pneumology, Laval Hospital,Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaTHORACIC: Bronchoplasty; Thoracoplasty
Noreen Griffin, CNP Certified Nurse Practitioner, Thoracic Surgery, Metrohealth
Medical Center, Cleveland, OhioTHORACIC: Late Postoperative Complications
Hermes C. Grillo, MD†Former Thoracic Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Idiopathic Laryngotracheal Stenosis
Dominique Grunenwald, MDDirector, Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Tenon, Paris, FranceTHORACIC: Surgical Resection of Pulmonary Metastases
Leonardo Gucciardo, MDObstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuis-
berg, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag-
matic Hernia
Patrick J. Gullane, MD, FRCSCProfessor and Chair, Department of Otolaryngology–Headand Neck Surgery, University of Toronto; Otolaryngologist-in-Chief and Wharton Chair, Head and Neck Surgery, Uni- versity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Laryngoscopy
Jeffrey A. Hagen, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles,CaliforniaESOPHAGEAL: En-Bloc Resection of the Esophagus
Bruce Lee Hall, MD, PhD, MBA Associate Professor of Surgery and Assistant Professor of
Business Administration, Washington University; Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Mediastinal Thyroid Tumors; Mediastinal Para-
thyroid Tumors
Charles Hantler, MDProfessor, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington Uni
versity School of Medicine, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Anesthesia for Airway Surgery
David H. Harpole, Jr., MD Vice Chair, Faculty Affairs, Department of Surgery, Divisio
of Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North CarolinaTHORACIC: Bronchial Gland Tumors
Karen Harrison-Phipps, MDFellow, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MinnesotaTHORACIC: Mediastinal Cysts and Duplications in Adults
Bruce H. Haughey, MBChB, MS, FRACSKimbrough Professor of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck
Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; Director, Division of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MissouriESOPHAGEAL: Free Vascularized Grafts in EsophageaReconstruction
Karin Haustermans, MD, PhDProfessor, Radiation Oncology, Catholic University Leuven
Clinical Head, Department of Radiation Oncology, LeuvenCancer Institute, Leuven, BelgiumESOPHAGEAL: Principles of Radiotherapy
Stephen R. Hazelrigg, MDProfessor and Chairman, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University Schooof Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
THORACIC: Thoracoscopy
Claudia I. Henschke, MD, PhDProfessor of Radiology in Cardiothoracic Surgery, Depart
ment of Radiology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, NewYork, New YorkTHORACIC: Early Detection and Screening of Lung Cancer
Margaret S. Herridge, MD, MPH Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Division o
Respirology, Interdepartmental Division of Critical CarMedicine, University of Toronto; Consultant, Respiratorand Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Bacterial Infections of the Lung
Clement A. Hiebert, MDClinical Professor of Surgery, University of Vermont Colleg
of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; Chairman EmeritusDepartment of Surgery, Maine Medical Center, PortlandMaineESOPHAGEAL: Selection and Placement of Conduits
†Deceased.
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Contributorsxviii
Lauren Holinger, MDProfessor of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, North-
western University Feinberg School of Medicine; Head,Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Memorial Hospital,Chicago, IllinoisTHORACIC: Congenital Anomalies: Vascular Rings
Arnulf H. Hölscher, MDChairman, Department of Visceral and Vascular Surgery,
University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyESOPHAGEAL: Adenocarcinoma of the Cardia
Susan J. Hoover, MDDirector, Breast Diagnostic Center, Lifetime Cancer Screen-
ing Center; Medical Director of Diversity Affairs; and Assistant Professor of Surgery, Comprehensive BreastProgram, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Univer-sity of South Florida, Tampa, FloridaTHORACIC: Chronic Mediastinitis
Jasmine Huang, MDResident, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Universityof Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IowaESOPHAGEAL: Hill Repair
Charles B. Huddleston, MDProfessor of Surgery and Chief, Pediatric Cardiothoracic
Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC:Congenital Abnormalities of the Lung; Chest Wall
Deformities
John G. Hunter, MDMackenzie Professor and Chairman, Surgery Department,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OregonESOPHAGEAL: Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication
Mark D. Iannettoni, MDHead, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of
Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IowaTHORACIC: Acute Necrotizing Mediastinitis
David H. Ilson, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Weill-Cornell Medical College; Associate
Attending Physician and Associate Member, MemorialSloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New YorkESOPHAGEAL: Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy as Primary
Treatment of Esophageal Cancer
Richard I. Inculet, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery,
Schulich School of Medicine; Chair, Division of ThoracicSurgery, London Health Sciences Center, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: The Thoracic Duct and Chylothorax
Kashif Irshad, MD Attending Surgeon, Division of Thoracic Surgery, William
Osler Health Centre, Etobicoke, Ontario, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Evaluation and Surgical Treatment of Hiatal
Hernias and Gastroesophageal Reflux; Caustic Injuries tothe Esophagus
Eric Jacobsohn, MBChB, MHPE, FRCPCProfessor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesia, Univer-
sity of Manitoba; Medical Director, Winnipeg RegionalHealth Authority Anesthesia Program, Winnipeg, Mani-toba, CanadaTHORACIC: Critical Care of the Thoracic Surgical Patient
Jacques Jani, MDObstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuis-
berg, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag-
matic Hernia
Cylen Javidan-Nejad, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Division of
Diagnostic Radiology, Section of Cardiopulmonary Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis,MissouriTHORACIC: Imaging of the Upper Airway
David R. Jones, MDProfessor of Surgery; Division Chief, Thoracic and Cardiovas-
cular Surgery; Chief, General Thoracic Surgery, Universityof Virginia, Charlottesville, VirginiaTHORACIC: Biology and Epidemiology of Lung Cancer;
Neoplasms of the Chest Wall
William G. Jones, II, MD
Attending Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Doctor’s Hospital; TexasCardiothoracic Surgery Associates, Dallas, TexasTHORACIC: Pericardial Disease
Gregory Jurkovich, MDProfessor of Surgery, University of Washington; Chief of
Trauma, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WashingtonTHORACIC: Management of Blunt Chest and Diaphragmatic
Injuries
Larry R. Kaiser, MDThe John Rhea Barton Professor and Chairman, Department
of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine;
Surgeon-in-Chief, University of Pennsylvania HealthSystem, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Benign Lung Tumors; Surgery of Pectus Defor-
mities; Surgery for Myasthenia Gravis
Riyad Karmy-Jones, MD, FRCSCMedical Director, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Southwest
Washington Medical Center, Vancouver, WashingtonTHORACIC: Tracheobronchial Trauma; Management of Blunt
Chest and Diaphragmatic Injuries
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Contributors
Steven M. Keller, MDProfessor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine; Chief, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Monte-fiore Medical Center, Bronx, New YorkTHORACIC: Mediastinal Lymph Node Dissection
Michael S. Kent, MDInstructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Attending
Surgeon, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deacon-ess Medical Center, Boston, MassachusettsESOPHAGEAL: Caustic Injuries to the EsophagusTHORACIC: Interventional Bronchoscopy for the Manage-
ment of Airway Obstruction
Shaf Keshavjee, MD, MSc, FRCSCProfessor of Surgery, University of Toronto; Chair, Division
of Thoracic Surgery; Director, Toronto Lung TransplantProgram; Director, Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratory,Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Reconstruction After Pharyngolaryngec-
tomy THORACIC: Upper Airway Tumors: Secondary Tumors
Kenneth A. Kesler, MDProfessor of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine,
Thoracic Surgery Division, Department of CardiothoracicSurgery, Indianapolis, IndianaTHORACIC: Germ Cell Tumors of the Mediastinum
Walter Klepetko, MDProfessor of Special Thoracic Surgery and Director, Vienna
Lung Transplant Program, Department of CardiothoracicSurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaTHORACIC: Bronchiectasis; Evaluation and Management of
Elevated Diaphragm
Anastasios Konstantakos, MD Associate Surgeon, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Harvard University, Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Last Postoperative Complications
Robert J. Korst, MDMedical Director, Daniel and Gloria Blumenthal Cancer
Center and Director, Thoracic Surgery, Valley HealthSystem, Paramus, New JerseyTHORACIC: Early Detection and Screening of Lung Cancer
Benjamin D. Kozower, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, General Thoracic Surgery,
Department of Surgery, University of Virginia HealthSystem, Charlottesville, VirginiaTHORACIC: Surgical Management of Non–Small Cell Lung
Cancer; Anterior Approach to Superior Sulcus Tumors
Paul Krakovitz, MDStaff, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland,
OhioESOPHAGEAL: Vascular Tracheoesophageal Compression:
Vascular Rings, Pulmonary Artery Sling, and Innominate Artery Compression of the Trachea
Mark J. Krasna, MDMedical Director, Cancer Institute, St. Joseph Medica
Center, Towson, MarylandESOPHAGEAL: Induction and Adjuvant Therapy for Cance
of the EsophagusTHORACIC: Dorsal Sympathectomy for Hyperhidrosis
Daniel Kreisel, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Surgery and of Pathology and Immu
nology, Washington University School of Medicine, StLouis, MissouriTHORACIC: Lung Transplantation
Priya D. Krishna, MD Assistant Professor, Division of Laryngology, Department o
Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Management of Vocal Fold Paralysis
Alexander S. Krupnick, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Divi
sion of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University, StLouis, MissouriTHORACIC: Lung Transplantation; Surgery of the Phrenic
Nerve
John C. Kucharczuk, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery
Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Schooof Medicine, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Surgery of Pectus Deformities; Transcervica
Thymectomy for Nonthymomatous Myasthenia Gravis
King F. Kwong, MDInvestigator, Thoracic Oncology Section, Center for Cance
Research, National Institutes of Health/National CanceInstitute, Bethesda, MarylandTHORACIC: Dorsal Sympathectomy for Hyperhidrosis
Rodney J. Landreneau, MDProfessor of Surgery and Director, Comprehensive Lun
Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Shadyside; Heart, Lung, and Esophageal Surgery Institute, Uni versity of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PittsburghPennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Role of Sublobar Resection (Segmentectomy
and Wedge Resection) in the Surgical Management oNon–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Florian Lang, MD Associate Professor, University of Lausanne; Faculty of Medi
cine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and NeckSurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, SwitzerlandESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Foreign Bodies in AdultsTHORACIC: Subglottic Resection: Infants and Children
Laryngeal Trauma
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Contributorsxx
Jacob C. Langer, MDProfessor of Surgery, University of Toronto and Chief, Divi-
sion of Pediatric General Surgery, Hospital for Sick Chil-dren, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Mediastinal Cysts and Duplications in Infants
and Children
Humberto Lara-Guerra, MDResearch Fellow, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Principles of Postoperative Care
Didier Lardinois, MDChief, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital,
Basel, SwitzerlandTHORACIC: Diagnostic Strategies in the Mediastinal Mass
Simon Law, MS, MBBChir, FRCSEd Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong
Medical Centre; Honorary Consultant, Queen Mary Hos-pital, Hong Kong, ChinaESOPHAGEAL: Surgical Management of Squamous Cell
Carcinoma
Stephen S. Lefrak, MDProfessor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical
Care, Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Medical Management of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease
Natasha B. Leighl, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, University of
Toronto; Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital,Toronto, Ontario, Canada
THORACIC: Small Cell Lung Cancer
Francesco Leo, MDSurgeon, Department of Thoracic Surgery, European Insti-
tute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTHORACIC: Plication of the Diaphragm
Antoon (Toni) E. M. R. Lerut, MD, PhDProfessor of Surgery, Catholic University Leuven; Chairman,
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Gas-thuisberg, Leuven, BelgiumESOPHAGEAL: Belsey Mark IV Repair; Surgical Therapy for
the Columnar-Lined Esophagus: Barrett’s Carcinoma;Three-Field Lymph Node Dissection for Cancer of the
Esophagus; Esophageal DiverticulaTHORACIC: History and Development of General Thoracic
Surgery; Mediastinoscopy; Prenatal Intervention for Con- genital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Dorothea Liebermann-Meffert, MDProfessor of General and Visceral Surgery, University of
Munich; Department of Surgery, Surgical Clinic and Poly-clinic, Technical University, Munich, GermanyESOPHAGEAL: Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Embryology,
and Histology
Philip A. Linden, MD Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School; Staff Surgeon,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsESOPHAGEAL: Esophagectomy Via Right Thoracotomy
Virginia R. Litle, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic
Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New
YorkESOPHAGEAL: Palliation of Esophageal Cancer
Sherard Little, MDFellow, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Open Reoperative Antireflux Surgery
Mirjam Locadia, PhDDepartment of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical
Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, TheNetherlandsESOPHAGEAL: Quality of Life in Esophageal Cancer
Patients
Luis C. Losso, MD, PhDProfessor of Surgery, General Thoracic Surgery Department,
ABC Foundation, School of Medicine; Head, General Tho-racic Surgery and Respiratory Diseases Department,Edmundo Vasconcelos Hospital, Sao Paulo, BrazilTHORACIC: Penetrating Thoracic Trauma
Brian E. Louie, MD, MPH, FRCSCDirector, Education, Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery,
Swedish Medical Center and Cancer Institute, Seattle, WashingtonESOPHAGEAL: Colon InterpositionTHORACIC: Diagnostic Procedures for Pleural Diseases
Donald E. Low, MD Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
ESOPHAGEAL: Hill Repair
James D. Luketich, MDHenry T. Bahnson Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
Department of Surgery; Director, Heart, Lung, and Esoph-ageal Surgery Institute; Chief, Division of Thoracic andForegut Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medi-cine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaESOPHAGEAL: History and Development of Esophageal
Surgery; Evaluation and Surgical Treatment of Hiatal Hernias and Gastroesophageal Reflux; Open Toupet and Dor Partial
Fundoplications; Laparoscopic Gastroplasty; LaparoscopicTechniques in Reoperation for Failed Antireflux Repairs;Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy; Esophageal Diverticula;Caustic Injuries to the Esophagus
THORACIC: Interventional Bronchoscopy for the Manage- ment of Airway Obstruction
Lars Lundell, MD, PhDProfessor, Department of Surgery, Karolinska University
Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenESOPHAGEAL: Quality of Life After Antireflux Surgery
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Contributors
Barbara A. Lutey, MDFellow, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis,MissouriTHORACIC: Medical Management of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease
Paolo Macchiarini, MD, PhDProfessor of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of
Surgery, University of Barcelona Faculty of Medicine;Senior Consultant and Chief of Service, General ThoracicSurgery Service, Institut Clinic del Tòrax, Hospital Clinic,Barcelona, SpainTHORACIC: Superior Vena Cava Obstruction
Susan E. Mackinnon, MD, FRCSCSydney M. Jr. and Robert H. Shoenberg Professor of Surgery
and Chief, Division of Plastic Surgery, Washington Univer-sity School of Medicine, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Thoracic Outlet Syndromes; Supraclavicular
Approach for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome; Surgery of thePhrenic Nerve
Michael A. Maddaus, MD, MScProfessor and Vice Chair of Education; Chief, Division of
Thoracic and Foregut Surgery; Program Director, GeneralSurgery; Garamella Lynch Jensen Chair in Thoracic Car-diovascular Surgery; Co-Director, University of MinnesotaMedical School; Thoracic Surgeon, Fairview UniversityMedical Center, Minneapolis, MinnesotaESOPHAGEAL: Peptic Esophagitis, Peptic Stricture, and
Short Esophagus; Laparoscopic Gastroplasty THORACIC: Postintubation Injury; Tracheomalacia; Subglot-
tic Resection: Adults
Richard A. Malthaner, MD, MSc Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Biostatistics, andEpidemiology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, SchulichSchool of Medicine, University of Western Ontario; Tho-racic Surgeon and Director of Thoracic Surgery Research,Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre,London, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: The Thoracic Duct and Chylothorax
David P. Mason, MDStaff Surgeon, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular
Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Open Reoperative Antireflux Surgery THORACIC: Lobectomy
Douglas J. Mathisen, MDHermes Grillo Professor of Thoracic Surgery, Harvard
Medical School; Chief, General Thoracic Surgery, Massa-chusetts General Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Primary Tumors of the Trachea; Tracheal
Resection
Sandro Mattioli, MD Associate Professor, Alma Mater Studiorum University o
Bologna; Chairman, Division of Esophageal and PulmonarySurgery, Department of Surgery, Intensive Care, and OrganTransplantation, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyESOPHAGEAL: Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux
Disease and Hiatal Hernia; Open Toupet and Dor PartiaFundoplications
Constantine Mavroudis, MDProfessor of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinber
School of Medicine; Willis J. Potts Professor of SurgeryDivision of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery; Surgeon-inChief, Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IllinoisTHORACIC: Congenital Anomalies: Vascular Rings
Donna E. Maziak, MDCM, MSc, FRCSC Associate Professor, University of Ottawa; Program Directo
and Director of Research, Division of Thoracic SurgeryOttawa Hospital–General Campus, Ottawa, OntarioCanadaESOPHAGEAL:
Massive (Paraesophageal) Hiatal HerniaPaul Mazur, MDChief Resident, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Uni
versity of Southern California, Los Angeles, CaliforniaTHORACIC: Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Theresa McLoud, MDProfessor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; Associate
Radiologist in Chief, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Imaging the Lungs
Karen M. McRae, MDDepartment of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Division o
Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, UniversitHealth Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioCanadaTHORACIC: Anesthesia for General Thoracic Surgery
Reza John Mehran, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Department of Thoracic and
Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD AndersonCancer Center, Houston, TexasTHORACIC: Tuberculosis and Atypical Mycobacterial Dis
eases; Anatomy and Physiology of the Pleural Space
Tarek Mekhail, MD, MSc, FRCSI, FRCSEd Director, Lung Cancer Medical Oncology Program, Cleve
land Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OhioTHORACIC: Definitive Management of Inoperable Non–Sma
Cell Lung Cancer
Robert E. Merritt, MDClinical Fellow in Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Chie
Resident, Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsTHORACIC: Tracheal Resection
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Contributorsxxii
Bryan F. Meyers, MDProfessor of Surgery and Chief, Section of General Thoracic
Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine;Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MissouriESOPHAGEAL: Complications of Surgery for Gastroesopha-
geal Reflux THORACIC: Mediastinoscopy; Lung Volume Reduction
Surgery; Surgery for Bullous Disease
Shari L. Meyerson, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery and Program Director, Tho-
racic Surgery, University of Arizona, University MedicalCenter, Tucson, ArizonaTHORACIC: Bronchial Gland Tumors
Daniel L. Miller, MDChief, General Thoracic Surgery, Emory University Health-
care; Kamal A. Mansour Professor of Surgery, Emory Uni- versity School of Medicine, Atlanta, GeorgiaTHORACIC: Empyema and Bronchopleural Fistula
Joseph I. Miller, Jr., MDProfessor of Surgery, Emory Clinic; Chief, General Thoracic
Surgery, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GeorgiaTHORACIC: Anatomy and Physiology of the Chest Wall and
Sternum With Surgical Implications
Tommaso C. Mineo, MDCattedra di Chirurgia Toracica, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome,
ItalyTHORACIC: Surgical Approaches to the Diaphragm
Bruce D. Minsky, MD Associate Dean and Chief Quality Officer, Professor of Radi-
ation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medical
Center, Chicago, IllinoisESOPHAGEAL: Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy as Primary
Treatment of Esophageal Cancer
Jeffrey Moley, MDProfessor of Surgery; Chief, Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery;
Associate Director, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Wash-ington University, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Mediastinal Thyroid Tumors; Mediastinal Para-
thyroid Tumors
Philippe Monnier, MDProfessor, University of Lausanne Faculty of Medicine; Head,
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck
Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Laus-anne, SwitzerlandESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Foreign Bodies in AdultsTHORACIC: Subglottic Resection: Infants and Children;
Laryngeal Trauma
Rachel MontanoResearch Director, Department of Cardiovascular and Tho-
racic Surgical Research, Baylor University Medical Center,Dallas, TexasTHORACIC: Chronic Mediastinitis
Andre L. Moreira, MD, PhD Assistant Attending, Department of Pathology, Thoracic and
Cytology Services, Memorial Sloan-Kettering CancerCenter, New York, New YorkTHORACIC: Rare Primary Malignant Neoplasms of the
Lung
Christopher R. Morse, MDInstructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Division of
Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,MassachusettsESOPHAGEAL: Laparoscopic Techniques in Reoperation for
Failed Antireflux Repairs
Jérôme Mouroux, MDProfessor, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of
Nice, Faculty of Medicine; Chief, Department of ThoracicSurgery, Pasteur Hospital of Nice, Nice, FranceTHORACIC: Plication of the Diaphragm
Nestor L. Müller, MD, PhD, FRCPCProfessor and Chairman, Department of Radiology, Univer-
sity of British Columbia; Head and Medical Director,Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaTHORACIC: Imaging of the Mediastinum
Michael Mulligan, MDSurgeon, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle,
WashingtonTHORACIC: Surgical Management of Chronic Pulmonary
Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Sudish C. Murthy, MD, PhDStaff Surgeon and Surgical Director, Center for Major Airway
Disease, Department of Thoracic and CardiovascularSurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Left Thoracoabdominal Esophagectomy;
Secondary Esophageal Motor DisordersTHORACIC: Thoracic Incisions
Keith Naunheim, MD Vallee and Melba Willman Professor of Surgery and Chief of
Thoracic Surgery, St. Louis University School of Medicine,St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Thoracoscopic Mediastinal Surgery
Bill Nelems, MDEmeritus Professor, Department of Surgery, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver; Thoracic Surgeon, BritishColumbia Provincial Thoracic Surgery Programme,Kelowna, British Columbia, CanadaTHORACIC: Thoracic Surgery: A Palliative Care Specialty
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Contributors
Calvin S. H. Ng, MBBS, MRCSE Senior Resident, Department of Surgery, Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaTHORACIC: Thoracoscopic Thymectomy for Myasthenia
Gravis
Ninh T. Nguyen, MD Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, University of
California–Irvine, Medical Center, Orange, CaliforniaESOPHAGEAL: Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy
Francis C. Nichols, III, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery and Consultant, Division of
General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,MinnesotaTHORACIC: Mediastinal Cysts and Duplications in Adults
Christine B. Novak, PT, MSResearch Associate, Wharton Head and Neck Centre, Uni-
versity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Laryngoscopy; Thoracic Outlet Syndromes
Michael J. Odell, MD Assistant Professor and Director of Head and Neck Oncology,
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery,St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis,MissouriTHORACIC: Laryngoscopy
Jean-Baptiste Ollyo, MDDepartment of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Univer-
sitaire, Lausanne, SwitzerlandESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Foreign Bodies in Adults
Mark W. Onaitis, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of CardiothoracicSurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NorthCarolinaTHORACIC: Diagnosis and Staging of Lung Cancer
Raymond P. Onders, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Case Western Reserve Uni-
versity School of Medicine; Director of Minimally InvasiveSurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleve-land, OhioTHORACIC: Phrenic Nerve and Diaphragm Motor Point
Pacing
Sharon Ong, MD, FRCSResident, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Rings and Webs
Mark B. Orringer, MDProfessor and Head, Section of General Thoracic Surgery
University of Michigan Medical School, Ann ArborMichiganESOPHAGEAL: Esophagectomy for Benign Disease; Tran
shiatal Esophagectomy
Denise Ouellette, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Uni
versity of Montreal; Division of Thoracic Surgery, HospitaMaisonneuve–Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaTHORACIC: Spontaneous Pneumothorax and
Pneumomediastinum
Peter C. Pairolero, MDProfessor of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MinnesotaTHORACIC: Neoplasms of the Chest Wall
Blake C. Papsin, MDDirector, Cochlear Implant Program, Department of Otolar
yngology, Hospital for Sick Children; Associate ScientistNeurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute Associate Professor, Otolaryngology, University of TorontoToronto, Ontario, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Foreign Bodies in Infants and
Children
Bernard J. Park, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery
Cornell University Medical College; Assistant AttendinSurgeon, Thoracic Surgery Service, Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NewYorkTHORACIC: Robotic-Assisted Video-Assisted Thoracic
Surgery Lobectomy
Alden M. Parsons, MDCardiothoracic Resident, Department of Surgery, Universit
of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North CarolinaTHORACIC: Thymic Tumors: A Review of Current Diagnosis
Classification, and Treatment
David A. Partrick, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Colorado Health
Sciences Center; Director of Surgical Endoscopy foInfants and Children, Children’s Hospital, DenverColoradoESOPHAGEAL: Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants and
Children
Philippe Pasche, MD Associate Professor, University of Lausanne Faculty of Medi
cine; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and NeckSurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, SwitzerlandESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Foreign Bodies in AdultsTHORACIC: Laryngeal Trauma
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Contributorsxxiv
Ugo Pastorino, MDDirector, Thoracic Surgery, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan,
ItalyTHORACIC: Surgical Resection of Pulmonary Metastases
Amit N. Patel, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Thoracic
Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical School; Director
of Clinical Cardiac Cellular Therapy, McGowan Instituteof Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Transaxillary First Rib Resection for Thoracic
Outlet Syndrome (With Dorsal Sympathectomy); Reopera-tion for Recurrent Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Through thePosterior Thoracoplasty Approach With Dorsal Sympathec-tomy; Chronic Mediastinitis
G. Alexander Patterson, MD, FRCSCEvarts A. Graham Professor of Surgery and Chief, Division
of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University Schoolof Medicine, St. Louis, MissouriESOPHAGEAL: Complications of Esophageal ResectionTHORACIC: Principals of Airway Surgery: Management of
Acute Airway Obstruction; Lung Transplantation; SurgicalManagement of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer; Anterior Approach to Superior Sulcus Tumors; Extended PulmonaryResections; Thoracic Outlet Syndromes; Supraclavicular Approach for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
F. Griffith Pearson, MDProfessor, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of
Surgery, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; SeniorSurgeon, Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Toronto GeneralHospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Massive (Paraesophageal) Hiatal Hernia;
Open Gastroplasty
THORACIC: History and Development of General ThoracicSurgery; Postintubation Injury; Tracheomalacia; SubglotticResection: Adults
Andrew B. Peitzman, MDProfessor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of
Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Late Sequelae of Thoracic Injury
Arjun Pennathur, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Heart, Lung, and Esophageal
Surgery Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaESOPHAGEAL: Evaluation and Surgical Treatment of Hiatal
Hernias and Gastroesophageal Reflux; Laparoscopic Tech- niques in Reoperation for Failed Antireflux Repairs
Manuel Pera, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Surgery, Univeritat Autònoma de Bar-
celona; Head, Section of Gastrointestinal Surgery, HospitalUniversitario del Mar, Barcelona, SpainESOPHAGEAL: Columnar-Lined Esophagus: Epidemiology
and Pathophysiology
Alberto Peracchia, MDEmeritus Professor of Surgery, University of Milan, Milan;
Senior Consultant, General and Minimally Invasive Surgery,Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, ItalyESOPHAGEAL: Total Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y
Reconstruction
Sérgio Tadeu L. F. Pereira, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Escola Bahiana
de Medicina e Saúde Pública; Head, Department ofGeneral Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Santa Izabel da SantaCasa de Misericórdia da Bahia, Salvadore, Bahia, BrazilTHORACIC: Tuberculous Pleural Disease
Jeffrey H. Peters, MDProfessor and Chairman, Department of Surgery, University
of Rochester, Rochester, New YorkESOPHAGEAL: Clinical Features of Esophageal Disease
Brian Pettiford, MDClinical Assistant Professor of Surgery, Heart, Lung, and
Esophageal Surgery Institute, University of PittsburghMedical Center, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Role of Sublobar Resection (Segmentectomy
and Wedge Resection) in the Surgical Management ofNon–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Kacy Phillips, MDFormerly of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TexasTHORACIC: Posterior Approach to Superior Sulcus Tumors
Andrew F. Pierre, MD, MSc Assistant Professor, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University
of Toronto; Staff Surgeon, Toronto General Hospital,Toronto, Ontario, Canada
ESOPHAGEAL: Benign Esophageal TumorsTHORACIC: Bronchoscopy
Eugenio Pompeo, MDThoracic Surgery Division, Tor Vergata University School of
Medicine, Rome, ItalyTHORACIC: Surgical Approaches to the Diaphragm
Daniel Pop, MDSurgeon, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pasteur Hospital
of Nice, Nice, FranceTHORACIC: Plication of the Diaphragm
Vitaliy Poylin, MDSenior Resident, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deacon-
ess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston,MassachusettsTHORACIC: Role of Lung Biopsy in Interstitial Lung Disease
Evan J. Propst, MDDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Foreign Bodies in Infants and
Children
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Contributors
Joe B. Putnam, Jr., MDIngram Professor of Surgery and Chairman, Department of
Thoracic Surgery; Professor, Department of BiomedicalInformatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nash- ville, TennesseeTHORACIC: Postresection Follow-Up for Non–Small Cell
Lung Cancer
Mohammed A. Qadeer, MDFellow, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Motility Disorders
Ganesh Raghu, MDProfessor of Medicine and Adjunct Professor, Laboratory
Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medi-cine; Chief, Chest Clinic, University of Washington Medi-cal Center; Director, Interstitial Lung Disease, Sarcoidand Pulmonary Fibrosis Program; Medical Director, LungTransplant Program, University of Washington MedicalCenter, Seattle, WashingtonTHORACIC:
Interstitial Lung Disease
Maissa Rayyan, MDDepartment of Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg,
Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag-
matic Hernia
Linda M. Razzuk Research Coordinator, Department of Cardiovascular and
Thoracic Surgical Research, Baylor University, Dallas,TexasTHORACIC: Chronic Mediastinitis
Maruf A. Razzuk, MD†
Former Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University ofTexas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TexasTHORACIC: Chronic Mediastinitis
Erino A. Rendina, MDProfessor and Chief of Thoracic Surgery, University La Sapi-
enza; Chief, Division of Thoracic Surgery, OspedaleSant’Andrea, Rome, ItalyTHORACIC: Emerging Surgical Technologies for Emphy-
sema; Reconstruction of the Pulmonary Artery; Diaphragm: Anatomy, Embryology, Pathophysiology
Thomas W. Rice, MDDaniel and Karen Lee Chair in Thoracic Surgery; Head,
Section of General Thoracic Surgery; Professor of Surgery,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, ClevelandClinic, Cleveland, OhioESOPHAGEAL: Endoscopic Ultrasonography; Dilation of
Peptic Esophageal Strictures; Surgical Therapy for theColumnar-Lined Esophagus: Non-Neoplastic Barrett’sEsophagus; Diagnosis and Staging of Esophageal Cancer
THORACIC: Anatomy of the Lung
Joel E. Richter, MDProfessor of Medicine, The Richard L. Evans Chair, Depart
ment of Medicine, Temple University School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaESOPHAGEAL: Medical Treatment of Gastroesophagea
Reflux Disease
Jon H. Ritter, MD Associate Professor of Pathology, Washington Universit
Medical Center, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Pathologic Features of Carcinoma of the Lung
Nabil P. Rizk, MD Assistant Attending Surgeon, Thoracic Service, Departmen
of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Assistant Professor of Surgery, Cornell University MedicaCollege, New York, New YorkESOPHAGEAL: Unusual Malignancies
Francis Robicsek, MD, PhDClinical Professor of Surgery, University of North Carolina
Chairman, Department of Thoracic and CardiovasculaSurgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NorthCarolinaTHORACIC: Complications of Midline Sternotomy; Complica
tions of Pectus Deformity Repair
Gaetano Rocco, MDChief, Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Insti
tute, Naples, ItalyTHORACIC: Fibrothorax and Decortication
Riccardo Rosati, MDProfessor of Surgery, University of Milan, Milan; Director
General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Istituto Clinic
Humanitas, Rozzano, ItalyESOPHAGEAL: Total Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y
Reconstruction
Clark A. Rosen, MD Associate Professor of Otolaryngology, Department of Oto
laryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Associate Professor, Department of CommunicationScience and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh School oHealth and Rehabilitation Sciences; Director, University oPittsburgh Voice Center, University of Pittsburgh Physicians, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PittsburghPennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Management of Vocal Fold Paralysis
Valerie W. Rusch, MDProfessor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cornell Uni
versity Medical College; Attending Surgeon and ChiefThoracic Service, Department of Surgery and William GCahan Chair of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering CanceCenter, New York, New YorkTHORACIC: Robotic-Assisted Video-Assisted Thoracic
Surgery Lobectomy; Pleural Effusion: Benign and Malig nant; Technique of Extrapleural Pneumonectomy for Malig nant Pleural Mesothelioma†Deceased.
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Contributorsxxvi
Steve H. Salzman, MDProfessor of Clinical Medicine and Division Chief and Direc-
tor, Pulmonary Function Laboratory, Division of Pulmo-nary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel MedicalCenter, New York, New YorkTHORACIC: Pulmonary Physiologic Testing
Richard E. Sampliner, MDGastrointestinal Section, University of Arizona Health Sci-
ences Center, Tucson, ArizonaESOPHAGEAL: Medical Therapy for Barrett’s Esophagus
Marcel Savary, MDHonorary Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, Head
and Neck Surgery, University of Lausanne Medical School;Centre Hospitaliér Universitaír Vaudois, Lausanne,SwitzerlandESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Foreign Bodies in AdultsTHORACIC: Subglottic Resection: Infants and Children
Lourenço Sbragia, MDCentre for Surgical Technologies, University Hospital Gast-
huisberg, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag-
matic Hernia
Paul H. Schipper, MD Assistant Professor, Oregon Health and Science University,
Portland, OregonTHORACIC: Surgery for Bullous Disease
David S. Schrump, MDSenior Investigator and Head, Thoracic Oncology Section,
Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NationalCancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
ESOPHAGEAL: Biology and Epidemiology of MalignantEsophageal Carcinoma
Frank C. Sciurba, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary,
Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine; Director of PulmonaryFunction and Exercise Physiology Laboratory; Director ofEmphysema/Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseResearch Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medi-cine and School of Education, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Pulmonary Physiologic Testing
Frances A. Shepherd, MDProfessor of Medicine, University of Toronto; Scott Taylor
Chair of Lung Cancer Research and Treatment, MedicalOncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario,CanadaTHORACIC: Small Cell Lung Cancer
Joseph B. Shrager, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Chief,Thoracic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylva-nia and Pennsylvania Hospital; Staff Surgeon, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia,PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Investigation and Management of the Indetermi-
nate Pulmonary Nodule; Benign Lung Tumors
Barry A. Siegel, MDProfessor of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine,
Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine, St. Louis, MissouriESOPHAGEAL: Nuclear Imaging
Alan D. L. Sihoe, FRCSEd(CTh) Associate Consultant, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, HongKong, ChinaTHORACIC: Video-Assisted Pulmonary Resections
Sunil Singhal, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic
Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta,GeorgiaTHORACIC: Surgery for Myasthenia Gravis
Peter D. Slinger, MDDepartment of Anesthesia, Toronto General Hospital,
Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Anesthesia for General Thoracic Surgery
Philip W. Smith, MDSurgery Resident, Department of Surgery, University of Vir-
ginia, Charlottesville, VirginiaTHORACIC: Biology and Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Nathaniel J. Soper, MDProfessor of Surgery and Chief of Gastrointestinal and Endo-
crine Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School ofMedicine, Chicago, IllinoisESOPHAGEAL: Complications of Surgery for Gastroesopha-
geal Reflux
Carolina A. Souza, MD, PhDFellow in Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Uni-
versity of British Columbia; Clinical Fellow, Departmentof Radiology, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaTHORACIC: Imaging of the Mediastinum
Mirjam A. G. Sprangers, PhDProfessor of Medical Psychology, Department of Medical Psy-
chology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amster-dam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsESOPHAGEAL: Quality of Life in Esophageal Cancer
Patients
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Contributors
Robert D. Stewart, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine; Attending Surgeon, Divisionof Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Children’s MemorialHospital, Chicago, IllinoisTHORACIC: Congenital Anomalies: Vascular Rings
Sigrid G. Stroobants, MD, PhDDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals of
Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Nuclear Imaging of the Lung
David J. Sugarbaker, MDRichard E. Wilson Professor of Surgical Oncology, Depart-
ment of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Divisionof Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital;Phillip E. Lowe Senior Surgeon, Dana Farber Cancer Insti-tute, Boston, MassachusettsESOPHAGEAL: Esophagectomy Via Right Thoracotomy THORACIC: Pleural Tumors
Erin A. Sullivan, MD Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Director of Car-diothoracic Anesthesiology, University of PittsburghPhysicians, Department of Anesthesiology, Pittsburgh,PennsylvaniaTHORACIC: Perioperative Pain Management
Sudhir R. Sundaresan, MD, FRCSCProfessor of Surgery and Chair, Division of Thoracic Surgery,
University of Ottawa; Chief, Division of Thoracic Surgery,Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Unusual Mediastinal Tumors
Lee L. Swanström, MDGastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Oregon
Clinic; Good Samaritan Medical Center, Portland,OregonESOPHAGEAL: Laparoscopic Toupet Fundoplication
R. Thomas Temes, MD, MBAStaff Physician, Thoracic and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cleve-
land Clinic, Cleveland, OhioTHORACIC: Late Postoperative Complications
François Tronc, MDClinical Fellow, Department of Surgery, Laval University;
Clinical Fellow, Thoracic Surgery Division, Center ofPneumology, Laval Hospital, Quebec City, Quebec,CanadaTHORACIC: Bronchoplasty
Paula A. Ugalde, MD Assistant Professor and Instructor in Surgery, Department of
Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Santa Casa daMisericordia Hospital, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; ClinicalFellow, Thoracic Surgery Department, Laval Hospital,Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaTHORACIC: Tuberculous Pleural Disease; Management of
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Harold C. Urschel, Jr., MDChair of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgical Research, Edu
cation, and Clinical Excellence, Baylor University MedicaCenter; Professor of Cardiovascular and Thoracic SurgeryUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical School, DallasTexasTHORACIC: Thoracic Outlet Syndromes; Approach for Tho
racic Outlet Syndrome; Transaxillary First Rib Resection fo
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (With Dorsal Sympathectomy)Reoperation for Recurrent Thoracic Outlet SyndromeThrough the Posterior Thoracoplasty Approach With DorsaSympathectomy; Chronic Mediastinitis
Michael F. Vaezi, MD, PhD, MScProfessor of Medicine and Clinical Director, Division of Gas
troenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TennesseESOPHAGEAL: Esophageal Motility Disorders
Eric Vallières, MD, FRCSCSurgical Director, Lung Cancer Program, Swedish Cance
Institute, Seattle, WashingtonTHORACIC: Diagnostic Procedures for Pleural Diseases
Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, MD, PhDSurgeon, Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsESOPHAGEAL: Quality of Life in Esophageal Cance
Patients
Marc Van de Velde, MDDepartment of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Gast
huisberg, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag
matic Hernia
Jan J. B. van Lanschot, MD, PhDProfessor of Surgery and Chairman, Department of SurgeryErasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ThNetherlandsESOPHAGEAL: Quality of Life in Esophageal Cance
Patients
Tim Van Mieghem, MDObstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuis
berg, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag
matic Hernia
Timothy L. Van Natta, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, Divisions of Trauma and Criti
cal Care and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department oSurgery, Harbor–University of California–Los AngeleMedical Center, Los Angeles, CaliforniaTHORACIC: Acute Necrotizing Mediastinitis
Dominique Van Schoubroeck, MDObstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuis
berg, Leuven, BelgiumTHORACIC: Prenatal Intervention for Congenital Diaphrag
matic Hernia
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Contributorsxxviii
Andrés Varela, MDProfessor of Thoracic Surgery, University Autonoma of
Madrid; Chief of General Thoracic Surgery and LungTransplantation, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital,Madrid, SpainTHORACIC: Parasitic Diseases of the Lung and Pleura
Nirmal K. Veeramachaneni, MDCardiothoracic Surgery Resident, Barnes-Jewish Hospital,
Washington University, St. Louis, MissouriTHORACIC: Lung Volume Reduction Surgery; Open Drainage
of Thoracic Infections; Diagnostic Strategies for a ChestWall Mass
Nicolas Venissac, MDSurgeon, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pasteur Hospital
of Nice, Nice, FranceTHORACIC: Plication of the Diaphragm
Federico Venuta, MD Associate Professor of Thoracic Surgery, University La
Spaienze; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Policlinico UmbertoI, Rome, ItalyTHORACIC:Emerging Surgical Technologies for Emphysema;
Reconstruction of the Pulmonary Artery; Diaphragm: Anatomy, Embryology, Pathophysiology
Gregory M. M. Videtic, MD, CM, FRCPCStaff Physician, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleve-
land Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OhioTHORACIC: Definitive Management of Inoperable Non–Small
Cell Lung Cancer
Jorge Nin Vivó, MD Associate Professor of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of
Montevideo, Montevideo, UruguayTHORACIC: Rare Infections of the Pleural Space
Thomas K. Waddell, MD, MSc, PhD, FRCSCR. Fraser Elliott Chair in Transplantation Research and Asso-
ciate Professor of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery,University of Toronto; Staff Surgeon, Division of ThoracicSurgery, University Health Network, Toronto GeneralHospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaTHORACIC: Principles of Postoperative Care; Investigation
and Management of Massive Hemoptysis
Garrett L. Walsh, MDHead, Perioperative Enterprise; Professor of Surgery, Depart-
ment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Universityof Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TexasTHORACIC: Posterior Approach to Superior Sulcus Tumors
William H. Warren, MDDirector, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department
of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Rush UniversityMedical Center, Chicago, IllinoisTHORACIC: Anatomy of the Mediastinum With Special Refer-
ence to Surgical Access
Paul F. Waters, MDDirector of Surgical Oncology, Greenwich Hospital, Yale
New Haven Health, Greenwich, ConnecticutTHORACIC: Pneumonectomy
Thomas J. Watson, MD Associate Professor, Thoracic Surgery, University of Roches-
ter, Rochester, New York
ESOPHAGEAL: Clinical Features of Esophageal Disease
Larry T. Watts, MD Adjunct Professor of Surgery, University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Director, Pediatric CardiacSurgery, Levine Children’s Hospital, Carolinas MedicalCenter, Charlotte, North CarolinaTHORACIC: Complications of Pectus Deformity Repair
Walter Weder, MDProfessor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division of
Thoracic Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich,SwitzerlandTHORACIC: Diagnostic Strategies in the Mediastinal Mass
Mark R. Wick, MDDepartment of Pathology, Division of Surgical Pathology and
Cytopathology, University of Virginia Medical Center; Associate Director of Surgical Pathology, University of Vir-ginia Health System, Charlottesville, VirginiaTHORACIC: Pathologic Features of Carcinoma of the Lung
Dennis A. Wigle, MD, PhDConsultant, Division of General Thoracic Surgery and
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Mayo Clinic,
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