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Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved.
Pathways toa Smart Grid
Dr. Udo Niehage
Group President
Power Transmission
and Distribution
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Slide 2 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Electrical energy is the backbone of our society
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Slide 3 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Future grids require more flexibility
Increased energytrading
Increasing distancebetween generationand load
Fluctuating infeed
Increasing short-circuit currents
High supply
quality along withgreater networkcomplexity andvulnerability
Drivers for flexible and (cost)-efficient grids
Integration ofdistributed energyresources
Cost pressure
Aging
infrastructure andlack of experts
Legal &
regulatoryframework
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Slide 4 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
The Siemens Smart Grid Vision
is driven by customer benefits
Drivers
Improved
Observability
Improved
Controllability
Smart Grid means
Improved
Process efficiency
Technical Implementation (Examples)
Utility IT solutions
Demand Side
Management
Distribution
Automation
Increased use of
power electronics
Smart Meters
Distribution
Automation
Wide Area Monitoring
Condition Monitoring
Distribution GridTransmission Grid
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Slide 5 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Movement from static infrastructure to a flexible power grid with enhancedobservability, controllability and process efficiency.
Pathways to a Smart Grid
From To
Manual reaction to critical
network situationsBlackout prevention by increasing the situationalawareness and automated counter measures
Primary equipment condition
not well known
Condition monitoring for controlled overload ofbottlenecks and reliability centered asset managem.
Limited control of
power flowPower flow control and transmission capacityincrease by using power electronics
Central generation,
decentralized consumption
Integration of distributed generation and storage
by virtual power plants
Unmanaged, not transparent
consumptionSmart metering and load management
Transmiss
ion
Distribution
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Slide 6 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Movement from static infrastructure to a flexible power grid with enhancedobservability, controllability and process efficiency.
Pathways to a Smart Grid
From To
Manual reaction to critical
network situationsBlackout prevention by increasing the situationalawareness and automated counter measures
Primary equipment condition
not well known
Condition monitoring for controlled overload ofbottlenecks and reliability centered asset managem.
Limited control of
power flowPower flow control and transmission capacityincrease by using power electronics
Central generation,
decentralized consumption
Integration of distributed generation and storage
by virtual power plants
Unmanaged, not transparent
consumptionSmart metering and load management
Transmiss
ion
Distribution
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Slide 7 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Supplement the message
reports
By clear decisions
The grid dispatcher has to decide within seconds.
Wrong decisions or inactivity may lead to Blackouts.
Future Energy Management Systems systems will have
to handle complex situations much better than today
2000 MWPump Load
OFF
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Slide 8 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Movement from static infrastructure to a flexible power grid with enhancedobservability, controllability and process efficiency.
Pathways to a Smart Grid
From To
Manual reaction to critical
network situationsBlackout prevention by increasing the situationalawareness and automated counter measures
Primary equipment condition
not well known
Condition monitoring for controlled overload ofbottlenecks and reliability centered asset managem.
Limited control of
power flowPower flow control and transmission capacityincrease by using power electronics
Central generation,
decentralized consumption
Integration of distributed generation and storage
by virtual power plants
Unmanaged, not transparent
consumptionSmart metering and load management
Transmission
Distribution
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Slide 9 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Reliability Centered AssetManagement Strategy
Reliability Centered Asset
Management Strategy
ConditionConditionImportanceImportance
InspectionsOperational dataMonitoring data
etc.
Contribution ofeach component to
system reliability
(Expected Energy not
supplied)
Boundary conditions
Rules
Boundary conditions
Rules
EENSshareper component
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NetworkComponents
66kVbusbars
11kVnodes
66kVnodes
transformers
overheadlines
cables
Reliability Centered Asset Management for
T&D equipment
Business strategyBusiness strategy
Prioritization and
strategy development
Prioritization and
strategy development
importance
condition
Source:SiemensPTD
SE,
Kaiser/PTD
TI,Menke,
12/2006
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Slide 10 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Transformer Monitoring for Hydro Quebec
Substation 1 Substation 2 Substation 3
Wireless WirelessWireless
ApplicationServer
Communication
Server
WEB Server
Remote Desktopsession over the Web
FireWall
Utility
Siemens Minneapolis Data Center
Utility
Peak load transmission at
low ambient temperatures
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Slide 11 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Movement from static infrastructure to a flexible power grid with enhancedobservability, controllability and process efficiency.
Pathways to a Smart Grid
From To
Manual reaction to critical
network situationsBlackout prevention by increasing the situationalawareness and automated counter measures
Primary equipment condition
not well known
Condition monitoring for controlled overload ofbottlenecks and reliability centered asset managem.
Limited control of
power flowPower flow control and transmission capacityincrease by using power electronics
Central generation,
decentralized consumption
Integration of distributed generation and storage
by virtual power plants
Unmanaged, not transparent
consumptionSmart metering and load management
Transmission
Distribution
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Slide 12 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Power electronics for power flow management
DE CZ
Conventional grid:
Power flowaccording to
Kirchhoffs law
CZ
Smart Grid:
Power flowcontrolled by power
electronics
DE
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Slide 13 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Advanced Power Transmission Solutionswith HVDC and FACTS (Flexible AC Transmissions Systems)
Symbols:
Series compensationDC Transmission& Interconnection
~
North System50 Hz
North System
50 Hz
South System60 Hz
South System60 Hz
Central System60 Hz
Central System60 Hz
Clean &Low Cost
Energy
Tariff
Bulk Power &
Long Distance
Tariff
Power
Exchange
Power Exchange Asynchronous
Networks
Avoidance of
Loop Flows~
Submarine
Cable Link
SubmarineCable Link
Parallel compensation
voltage
control
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Slide 14 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
HVDC for remote hydro power in China
Sole solution to usehydro power from
Yunnan in the PearlRiver delta.
HVDC with theworlds highest powercapacity ever:
5000 MW across1400km
Worlds first
800kV HVDCEnabled CO2abatement:
32.900.000 t/a
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Slide 15 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Movement from static infrastructure to a flexible power grid with enhancedobservability, controllability and process efficiency.
Pathways to a Smart Grid
From To
Manual reaction to critical
network situationsBlackout prevention by increasing the situationalawareness and automated counter measures
Primary equipment condition
not well known
Condition monitoring for controlled overload ofbottlenecks and reliability centered asset managem.
Limited control of
power flowPower flow control and transmission capacityincrease by using power electronics
Central generation,
decentralized consumption
Integration of distributed generation and storage
by virtual power plants
Unmanaged, not transparent
consumptionSmart metering and load management
Transmission
Distribution
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Slide 16 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
n Optimized combination and capacity utilization ofdistributed small power plants
n Allows SaarEnergie to participate in energy tradingvia the German-based
European Energy Exchange (EEX)
EEX-Leipzig
Virtual power plants to manage
distributed energy resources
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Slide 17 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Movement from static infrastructure to a flexible power grid with enhancedobservability, controllability and process efficiency.
Pathways to a Smart Grid
From To
Manual reaction to critical
network situationsBlackout prevention by increasing the situationalawareness and automated counter measures
Primary equipment condition
not well known
Condition monitoring for controlled overload ofbottlenecks and reliability centered asset managem.
Limited control of
power flowPower flow control and transmission capacityincrease by using power electronics
Central generation,
decentralized consumption
Integration of distributed generation and storage
by virtual power plants
Unmanaged, not transparent
consumptionSmart metering and load management
Transmission
Distribution
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Slide 18 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Energy trading
Generation and load in a dynamic equilibrium
Power flowreversal
Fluctuating infeed
Coolingunits
(t)
Heat pumpsPlug-in Hybrids
Replace oil by
wind power
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Slide 19 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Example 1:
Internal combustion engine vs. electric motor
Internal combustion engine
Total efficiency: gasoline: approx. 18%, diesel: approx. 22%
Electric motor
Efficiency of a combined cycle power plant: 58% Additional transmission losses: 5%
Li-ion battery losses: 14% Efficiency of engine and drive: 80% Total efficiency: 38%
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Slide 20 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Example 2:
Use of fossil fuels to generate heat
Efficiency of gas-fired condensing boiler 100% Total efficiency: 100%
Efficiency of a combined cycle power plant: 58% Additional transmission losses: 5% Seasonal performance factor of heat pumps: 3.5 Total efficiency: 193%
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Slide 21 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
The replacement potential is significant
Energy consumption of private households in Germany 2002
53%
8%
lighting
1%
8%
domestic hot water
car30%
appliances
heating
Source: VDEW
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Slide 22 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Increasing electricity usage means
reducing CO2 emissions
Energy-related CO2 emissions in Gt CO2 (segments in %)
41
59
26.3
2005
41
59
38.9
Most likely2030
41
59
38.0
Most likely H22030
46
54
36.1
Most likelyElectric 2030
30
70
24.5
Blue Sky 2030
30
70
23.8
Blue Sky H22030
34
66
21.9
Blue SkyElectric 2030
Power
sector
Other
sectors
Extreme climate protection scenario
"Blue sky"
Reference scenario
Most likely
Accelerated penetration of electric power intransportation, residential, industrial sector
Replacing direct use of fossil fuels
Substitution of energy carriers by hydrogen
Pre-requisite: Technological breakthroughs forhydrogen and fuel-cell technologies
H2:Electric:
Source: Siemens E&EC Team,
PG GS4
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Slide 23 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage
Electrical energy is the backbone of our society
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