PART 2PART 2
Development of JudaismDevelopment of Judaism
Exodus 1280 BCE Israelites move from Canaan to Egypt
Forced into slavery Moses - Born Hebrew but raised as a Pharoah
God tells him to lead the Hebrews out of bondage
Exodus from slavery in Egypt Return to “the land of milk and honey” Celebrated by Pesach (Passover) Leads them to Mt. Sinai
Revelation Moses meets God again - Mount Sinai
Renewal of the Covenant Reveals 10 Commandments
Development of JudaismDevelopment of JudaismMonarchy 1004 – 928 BCE
Kings:
King David Military leader Established Jerusalem as the capital city – neutral site Regarded as a model of the ‘Messiah’ Unites all the tribes of Israel
King Solomon Son of David built temple in Jerusalem
– centre of Jewish life for 1000 yrs
Development of JudaismDevelopment of JudaismBabylonian Exile
Assyrians invaded captured Israel - 721 BCE Took land & evicted citizens
Babylonians – 500 BCE Temple of Solomon destroyed Captured Jewish leaders
Impact – Changed how people worshipped creation of synagogues – worship in dispersed communities Development of rabbis (teachers) concept of Messiah “anointed one” will return
Diaspora: 400 - 300 BCE ‘sowing of seed’ dispersal of Jews outside of Israel Refers to all Jews living outside of Israel Forced settlement
Development of Development of JudaismJudaism
Hellenization: 332 BCE Middle East controlled by Alexander the Great Jewish people fell under influence of Greek culture
Adopted Greek dress, architecture, names Bible translated and organized – Law, Prophecy, Poetry Different Jewish sects develop
Pharisees (anti), Sadducees (pro), Zealots (rebels)
Maccabean Revolt: 168 BCE Greek leader converted The temple rededicated it to Zeus -
resentment Maccabees revolted and took control of Jerusalem
Development of Development of JudaismJudaism
Expansion of Roman Empire and rule: 64 BCE Treated poorly, taxed heavily Romans controlled temple, high priest Jesus crucified by Romans during this time 66 CE Jews revolt - Romans respond with
force destroy the temple leaving only the Western
Wall
BeliefsBeliefs
Messiah View of Jesus
born a Jew, a preacher and teacher Jesus was not the Son of God; Believe the Messiah ‘anointed’ one is still to
return
Lineage People are born a Jew (through mother) can convert (gerut)
Reveal knowledge, confirm Jewish beliefs
Development of JudaismDevelopment of Judaism
Prophetic Tradition: ie Abraham, Moses, Jesus??
Prophet one who sees the future Speaks on behalf of God
Jewish Tradition One who receives a message from God and passes it on to people. word of God spoken through prophets “Love God and keep the covenant with Him”
BeliefsBeliefs
Death and Afterlife On death, body returns to earth (dust to dust)
but soul returns to God who gave it Body will be resurrected and reunited with soul at a later time
(therefore no cremation)
Mitzvah Act of performing a good deed or commandment
(ie. 10 Commandments) Direction on how to live ethically and keep covenant with God
Bible contains total of 613 mitzvoth (248 do, 365 do not)
Development of JudaismDevelopment of Judaism After death of Saul
Division:
Northern tribes = Israel
Southern tribes = Judah centred around Jerusalem
PracticesPractices Holy Ark & TorahHoly Ark & Torah Blessings and prayer Blessings and prayer MinyanMinyan Kashruth Kashruth Shabbat Shabbat CircumcisionCircumcision ShofarShofar Bar / Bat MitvahBar / Bat Mitvah MarriageMarriage Death & ShivaDeath & Shiva
HolidaysHolidays Rosh Hashanah and Rosh Hashanah and
Yom KippurYom Kippur HanukkahHanukkah PassoverPassover
SymbolsSymbols Star of David= shape
of King David’s shield; symbol adopted by Zionists
Menorah = ancient source of light
7 branched= Sabbath
9 branched= Hanukah
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