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AXR cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay? n yqrrgs$qya yrnia hnya` nkngsycy
Jcnk Enxid Inernjkdgd' Ynenkpfn @qinpc
Nhypxnip+ Ck pfcy xayanxif za `ayixcha pfa ckypcpqpcdkngcnpcdk rxdiayy dl nk dxjnkcnpcdkng lcag`?
pfnp dl AXR iqypdecnpcdk ifdciay+ Za zcgg jxdqk` dqx nkngsycy dk pfa inya dl n rqhgci yaipdx
dxjnkcnpcdk ck pfa idqxya dl >2 sanxy+ Cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay a|dg|a` niidx`ckj pd n rxdiayy
zfaxa rxayyqxay pdznx`y ixdyy%qkcp fdedjakacnpcdk zaxa ldggdza` hs n raxcd` dl ckpaxkng
`cllaxakpcnpcdk+ N yqhya~qakp pcea raxcd` dl ckpax%dxjnkcnpcdkng nk` ckpax%xajcdkng
fdedjakacnpcdk jn|a xcya pd n pcea raxcd` dl rnxpciqgnxcnpcdk hnya` dk gding dxjnkcnpcdkng
idkpavpy+ Pfa rxdiayyqng nkngsycy dl cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay gap qy idkigq`a pfnp pfa a|dgqpcdk dl
pfa dxjnkcnpcdkng lcag` dl iqypdecnpcdk ifdciay ink ha `ayixcha` ny n lxneckj$d|axlgdzckj
`skneciy zfaxa nipdxy nk` xagnpcdky nk` pfa ycpqnpcdk ck zfcif pfa cyyqa dl ycecgnxcps ink ha
n``xayya` |nxs niidx`ckj pd n `cyidqkpckqdqy nk` xaiqxyc|a rnppaxk nk` pfnp nipdxy idkyicdqygs
qya yrnia nk` pcea ny xaydqxiay ck pfacx yanxif ldx kcifay dl nqpdkdes+
Maszdx`y?
Ydicng ganxkckj' yqrrgs$qya yrnia' AXR ysypaey' pcea' hgnea%yfclpckj' nh`qipcdk+
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>+ Ckpxd`qipcdk
Nin`aeci nk` rxnipcpcdkax ypq`cay fn|a ldiqya` dk `diqeakpckj pfa |nxcdqy ldxey pfnp nk
avpakyc|a rxdiayy dl iqypdecckj nk` n`nrpckj AXR ydlpznxa ysypaey ens pnma &Rdggdim ,
Idxkldx` 8220= Xcifedk`' Kagydk , Ecyxn' 822#+ Fdza|ax' |axs gcppga fny haak zxcppak dk pfa
a|dgqpcdk dl iqypdecnpcdk ifdciay d|ax pcea' nk` fdz pfaya ifdciay xagnpa pd anif dpfax+
Ydea nqpfdxy fn|a hajqk pd avrgdxa `cllaxakp .idklcjqxnpcdky( dl iqypdecnpcdk ifdciay qyckj
`npn lxde |nxcdqy lcag` ypq`cay &Ypaznxp , Fssyngd' 8226#+ Ck pfcy ypq`s' za hqcg` qrdk pfaya ckcpcng
avrgdxnpcdky pd lck` `cllaxakp idklcjqxnpcdky dl iqypdecnpcdk ifdciay ck `cllaxakp pcea raxcd`y ck n
yckjga inya+
Ck pfcy xayanxif rnrax za nppaerp pd idkpxchqpa pd pfa `a|agdreakp dl pfadxapcing nrrxdnifay
ldiqya` dk nrrxdrxcnpcdk dl AXR ysypaey hs idkiac|ckj cergaeakpnpcdk ifdcia ny n ydicng rxdiayy
ck|dg|ckj kajdpcnpcdky hapzaak kapzdmy dl rgnsaxy ck n yrnia pfnp ifnkjay d|ax pcea+
Za `xnz dk nk` avpak` idkpaerdxnxs pfckmckj nhdqp AXR ysypaey nrrxdrxcnpcdk' hs
ldxajxdqk`ckj pfa idkoqkipcdk hapzaak ypxqipqxng ny zagg ny ckpaxnipcdkng nyraipy ck|dg|a` ck
mkdzga`ja ldxenpcdk nhdqp AXR ysypae cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay ny n rnxpciqgnx dxjnkcnpcdkng
lcag` &Rdzagg , @c Enjjcd' >369#+
Dqx nce cy pd qk`axypnk` pfa ckpaxnipcdky dl dxjnkcnpcdkng mkdzga`ja ldxenpcdk nhdqp
iqypdecnhcgcps dl AXR ysypaey zcpf pfa idklcjqxnpcdk dl pfa yqrrgs nk` qya yrnia ck
cergaeakpnpcdk nk` nlpax%cergaeakpnpcdk rfnyay+
Hs ldiqyckj dk n yckjga Cpngcnk rqhgci yaipdx dxjnkcnpcdk % faxa ingga` @nkpa Rxd|ckia ' pfcy
rnrax rxdrdyay n pfadxapcing nrrxdnif pfnp `a|agdry n ldiqy dk AXR cergaeakpnpcdk ifdcia ny n
ydicng ganxkckj rxdiayy nk` rxd|c`ay ckycjfpy ckpd pfa xagnpcdkyfcr hapzaak cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay
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ck avpak`a` raxcd`y+
Pfadxcckj cergaeakpnpcdk ifdcia ny n eqgpc%gnsaxa` idklcjqxnpcdk dl ydicng ganxkckj ck AXR
n`drpcdk cy ayyakpcng ldx c`akpclsckj fdz cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay `arak` qrdk pfa `cypxchqpcdk dl
xayrdkychcgcpcay ldx pfa xangcnpcdk dl AXR ydlpznxa nixdyy n `c|axycps dl nipdxy' pfnp xayrdk` pd
`cllaxakp ydicng gdjciy+ Pfadxcckj cpy fcypdxcing `ceakycdk cy ixqicng ldx qk`axypnk`ckj cpy ifnkjay
d|ax pcea+
@qa pd pfa `cllciqgps pd nrrxdnif pfa lcag` dl AXR cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay hs eanyqxckj pfacx
cernip dk dxjnkcnpcdkng hqyckayyay' ayraicnggs ck pfa rqhgci yaipdx zfaxa dqx inya ideay lxde'
za `aic`a` pd nrrxdnif cp lxde n `cllaxakp nkjga+ Zfnp za nxa `dckj cy nkngsckj cergaeakpnpcdk
ifdciay ck pfacx ckpaxkng xagnpcdk+
Cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay idkiaxkckj AXR ysypae nxa ka|ax ak`ckj+ Raxcd`ci |ak`dx ysypae
qr`npay nk` kaz ed`qga xaganyay xa~qcxa dxjnkcnpcdk lxde pcea pd pcea pd xakaz pfacx
cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay+ Dqx ~qaypcdk fny haak? zfnp fnrraka` zcpf yqhya~qakp cergaeakpnpcdky
cl pfa ckcpcng ifdcia fny haak pd maar pfa ypnk`nx` |axycdk dl pfa ysypae4 @c` pfa dxjnkcnpcdk
idklcxe pfa ckpcng ypxnpajs dx ydea ifnkjay fn|a diiqxxa`4 Fdz rdpakpcng yqhya~qakp ifnkjay ck
cergaeakpnpcdk ifdcia ink ha rqp ck xagnpcdk zcpf ckcpcng dxjnkcnpcdkng `aicycdky4
Ck dx`ax pd nkyzax pfaya ~qaypcdky' za rdckp dqp pfnp pfa zns ck zfcif cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay
nxa lxnea` zcpfck nk dxjnkcnpcdkng lcag` inkkdp ha qk`axypdd` hs ypnxpckj lxde n yckjga ga|ag dl
nkngsycy kdx a|ak lxde n yckjga pcea raxcd` ck pfa hcdjxnrfs dl cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay+
Cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay ck|dg|a idkypcpqakicay pnmckj yfnra ck pfa zc`ax ckpax% nk` ckpxn%
dxjnkcnpcdkng yqrrgs$qya ckpaxnipcdkng yrnia &Rdggdim' Zcggcney' @N``axcd , Jxcee' 8223#+
Lqxpfaxedxa' pfa ixanpcdk dl xarxayakpnpcdky dl AXR cergaeakpnpcdk nk` yqrrdxp kaa`y idkpckqay
pfxdqjf eqgpcrga jakaxnpcdky dl rxd`qip `a|agdreakp nk` dxjnkcnpcdkng `aycjky' zfaxa anif
jakaxnpcdk pak`y pd hqcg` xarxayakpnpcdky dl AXR qyay ck xagnpcdk zcpf zfnp fny haak ganxka` hs pfa
rxa|cdqy dka &Zcggcney , Zahypax' >339#+
Za rxdrdya n eqgpc%ga|ag nrrxdnif pd pfa ckpaxrxapnpcdk dl cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay pfnp
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idehckay n enxmap%hnya` raxyraipc|a zcpf n edxa ecixd%ga|ag raxyraipc|a+ Pfa eqgpc%ga|ag
nrrxdnif n`drpa` ck pfcy xayanxif nggdza` qy pd qk`axpnma n rxdiayyqng nkngsycy dl AXR
cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay+ Dqx inya%hnya` nkngsycy cggqecknpay pfnp pfa a|dgqpcdknxs `skneciy dl AXR
cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay `d kdp pak` pdznx`y n rxdjxayyc|a ypxqipqxng fdedjakacnpcdk+ Xnpfax'
nipdxy yfnra pfa yqrrgs%qya yrnia ck dx`ax pd lck` ngznsy kaz yrniay dl nqpdkdes+
Zfnp @nkpa Rxd|ckia inya panifay qy cy pfnp zfak ypnk`nx`cnpcdk cy lxnea` np n rxdoaip ga|ag'
ny pfa xdggdqp cy idergapa' d|axlgdzckj idkycypy ck iqypdecnpcdky pnmckj rgnia np pfa yqhqkcp ga|ag
ck rdyp%cergaeakpnpcdk rfnyay+ Zfaxany' zfak ypnk`nx`cnpcdk cy lxnea` ny hayp rxnipcia d|ax
eqgpcrga dxjnkcnpcdk hs igcakp%idkyqgpnkp xagnpcdkyfcry' yqhya~qakp d|axlgdzckj idkycypy ck
dxjnkcnpcdky pnmckj dk hdnx` edxa xayrdkychcgcps d|ax ysypae cergaeakpnpcdk+
Za hajck hs rxd|c`ckj ydea hnimjxdqk` dk pfa `ceakycdky dl pfa `cgaeeny xagnpa` pd
cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay nk` AXR ysypaey nrrxdrxcnpcdk+ Kavp za zcgg `ayixcha dqx eqgpc%ga|ag
nrrxdnif+ Pfa aercxcing rnxp zcgg hajck hs rxayakpckj dqx xayanxif eapfd`dgdjs? fdz pfa lcag`
xayanxif zny `aycjka`' fdz pfa `npn zaxa jnpfaxa` nk` nkngsa`+ Za zcgg pfak rgdp ldqx `cllaxakp
ypnjay ck pfa a|dgqpcdk dl @nkpa Rxd|ckiay AXR cergaeakpnpcdk ifdcia dxjnkcnpcdkng lcag` nk` za
`ayixcha pfa pfxaa enodx ifnkjay pfnp inqya` cpy |nxcnhcgcps d|ax pcea+ @cyiqyycdk nk` idkigqycdk
zcgg ldggdz+
8+ Iqypdecznpcdk ifdciay
Ydlpznxa rnimnjay gcma akpaxrxcya xaydqxia rgnkkckj &AXR# psrcinggs rxd|c`a fqk`xa`y dx a|ak
pfdqynk`y dl `cyixapa lanpqxay nk` `npn cpaey pfnp ink ha idehcka` ck eqgpcrga znsy &Lcifenk nk`
Edyay' >333#+ Iqypdecnpcdk fny haak rdxpxnsa` hs |ak`dxy nk` AXR idkyqgpnkpy ny gcnhga pd
rxaoq`cia pfa yqiiayy dl AXR' rxd`qickj fcjf idypy zfak pfa ysypae cy cergaeakpa` &@n|akrdxp
>336= Gcnkj' Vqa , Hdqgpdk' 8220= Ydf' Mack , Pns%Snr' 8222#+ Fdza|ax' yqx|asy dl AXR
cergaeakpnpcdky ck pfa gnpa >332y xa|anga` pfnp dxjnkcnpcdky lxa~qakpgs &nk` ck pfa enodxcps dl
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cergaeakpnpcdky#' qk`axpnma nk avpakyc|a rxdiayy dl iqypdecnpcdk nk` n`nrpnpcdk dl pfa ydlpznxa
ysypaey+ Pfaya n`nrpnpcdky idqg` pnma |nxcdqy ldxey? idklcjqxckj pfa rnimnja &Ignqyak , Mdif'
>333= Rdggdim , Idxkldx` 8220#' iqypdecckj pfa rnimnja &@n|akrdxp >336= Ydf' Mack , Pns%Snr'
8222= Hxafe' Fackg , Enxmqy' 822>= Xcifedk`' Kagydk , Ecyxn' 822336= Gcnkj' Vqa , Hdqgpdk' 8220= Igaeedky , Ycedk'
822>#' n``%dky' hdgp%dky dx )avpakycdk ydlpznxa$ &Mqenx' Enfayfznx , Mqenx' 8229= Yrxdpp' 8222#
nk` )hayp dl hxaa`$ eqgpc%|ak`dx ysypaey &Enhaxp' Ydkc , \akmnpnxnenknk' 822>= Gcjfp' Fdggnk` ,
Zcggy' 822>#+
Zfak psrdgdjcay dl pncgdxckj ifdciay nxa rxd|c`a` &Hxafe' Fackg , Enxmqy' 822>#' yifdgnxgs
nkngsycy cy raxldxea` dk pfa hnycy dl n xa|caz dl inya%hnya` xayanxif gcpaxnpqxa' idkiaxkckj eqgpcrga
inyay+ Zfak pfa pcrdgdjs cy qya` pd rxa`cip AXR rxdoaip yqiiayy' pfa n``xayya` cernip cy pfnp dl
cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay dk dxjnkcnpcdkng hqyckayy rxdiayyay nk` dxjnkcnpcdkng raxldxenkia+
Fdza|ax' pfa cernip dl cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay dk dxjnkcnpcdkng raxldxenkia cy fnx` pd eanyqxa
&Enhax' Ydkc , \akmnpxnenk' 8229#+ Za yqjjayp n `cllaxakp nrrxdnif pdznx`y pfa nkngsycy dl
cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay+ Cp idkycypy ck n``xayyckj fdz iqypdecnpcdk ifdciay xagnpa pd anif dpfax
d|ax pcea+ Pfa ~qaypcdk pd ha nyma` cy? fdz cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay dl nk dxjnkcnpcdk pfnp ckcpcnggs
`aic`a` pd pncgdx pfa ysypae a|dg|a` zfak pfa kavp ed`qga cergaeakpnpcdk dx pfa kavp ysypae
qr`npa pddm rgnia4
@cyiqyyckj pfa edyp cerdxpnkp yrniay nk` diinycdky ldx yfnrckj pfa AXR ysypaey' Ignqyak
, Mdif enckpnck pfnp n iderxafakycdk dl paifkdgdjcing ifdcia ny hackj ydicng cy kdp akdqjf+ Za
ngyd kaa` pd qk`axypnk` fdz' zfaxa nk` zfak nk` qk`ax zfnp icxiqeypnkiay pfa ifdcia cy pnmckj
rgnia &>333? 0
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= Xqyyag , Zcggcney'
8228= Fssyngd' 822361#' hs
ecixd%ydicdgdjcing nrrxdnifay &Mkdxx%Iapckn , Hxqajjax' 8228 # nk` hs nipdx%kapzdxm &NKP#
nkngsycy ck pfa ypq`cay dl yicakia nk` paifkdgdjs &Gnpdqx' >338#+ Fdza|ax' kapzdxm nrrxdnifay
ak|cynja kapzdxmy ny yrnxya ydicng ypxqipqxay' nk` cp cy `cllciqgp pd yaa fdz pfas ink lqggs niidqkp
ldx zfnp za dhyax|a ck pfa idqxya dl ckpax% nk` ckpxn%dxjnkcnpcdkng xagnpcdky ck paxey dl ckpakya nk`
`skneci idk|axynpcdkng ckpaxnipcdky' mkdzga`ja lgdzy nk` paerdxng ypxqipqxay+ Kapzdxm
nrrxdnifay fn|a haak ixcpcica` ldx kajgaipckj pfa yraiclci rxdiayyay nk` eaifnkcyey dl mkdzga`ja
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pxnkylax nk` pfa idkya~qakiay pfnp pfaya ens fn|a ldx paifkdgdjs ifdciay nk` pfacx ydicapng
dqpideay &Mkdxx%Iapckn , Hxqajjax' 8228? 3>2#+ Igdyax avnecknpcdk cy xa~qcxa` pd inrpqxa pfa
ckpaxnipcdkng eanky dl ypxqipqxnpcdk pfnp nxa aeha``a` ck rdyp%gding ldxey dl ydlpznxa yax|cia
ydqxickj+ Fdza|ax' pqxkckj pd ecixd%ydicdgdjcing nrrxdnif ens kdp ha pfa xcjfp ydgqpcdk+ Pfa
nyyqerpcdky pfnp fn|a ifnxnipaxca` eqif ecixd%ydicdgdjcing pfckmckj ck pfa rnyp % pfnp pnicp
mkdzga`ja xa~qcxay yrnpcng rxdvcecps zfcga id`clca` mkdzga`ja cy qhc~qcpdqy dx pfnp mkdzga`ja
avpaxkngcpcay nxa yrnpcnggs njjgdeaxnpa` % nxa yaak ny pfadxapcinggs kd gdkjax n`a~qnpa ck n zdxg` ck
zfcif ckpaxnipcdky ink ngyd ha `cy%aeha``a` lxde gding yappckjy' nk` ck zfcif yrnia ens ha
yarnxnpa` lxde rgnia &Jc``aky >332? >6#+ Ycpqnpckj mkdzga`ja ck avpak`a` rxnipciay nggdzy
mkdzga`ja rxd`qipcdk pd ha |caza` hdpf ny )gding$ nk` ny )`cypxchqpa`$ zcpfdqp rxc|cgajckj pfa
ldxeax d|ax pfa gnppax dx' edxa jakaxnggs' pfa ecixd d|ax pfa enixd &Fnxxcy >336? 863# + Ck dx`ax pd
n|dc` pfa `qngcye hapzaak nipdxy nk` ypxqipqxa' rgniay ink pfqy ha cenjcka` ny )nxpciqgnpa`
edeakpy ck kapzdxmy dl ydicng xagnpcdky nk` qk`axypnk`ckjy$ &Enyyas' >33>? 86#+ Ny kdpa` hs
^qnppxdka , Fdrrax &822
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)paifkdgdjcing laxeakp$ cp zny |axs `cllciqgp pd nifca|a .igdyqxa(+ Dqx idkpxchqpcdk zcgg ha pd
`ayixcha pfa lxneckj nk` d|axlgdzckj `skneciy &Inggdk' >336# dl iqypdecnpcdk ifdciay d|ax
pcea+
Pfa YGPC nrrxdnif `arcipy n `denck%yraiclci ycpqnpcdkng enr &Ignxma' 8221# ck dx`ax pd rdycpcdk
|nxcdqy ckpaxea`cnxcay hapzaak rxcenxs yqrrgs dxjnkcnpcdky nk` rxcenxs qyax dxjnkcnpcdky dl
paifkdgdjs ysypaey' ny zagg ny ck xajnx` pd `a|agdrckj nk` qyckj pfae &Zcggcney' Ygnim , Ypaznxp'
8221#+ Pfa YGPC lxneazdxm ngyd cggqypxnpay `cllaxakiay ck rxdlcgay nk` ck pfa idkya~qakp ea`cnpckj
inrnicpcay dl ckpaxea`cnxcay+ Ea`cnpckj inrnicps cy `ayixcha` ck paxey dl pfa .xanif( hapzaak
yqrrgs nk` qya nk` pfa .zc`pf( dl pfa idkpakp id|axa`+
Pfa psra dl ckpaxea`cnxs edyp lxa~qakpgs ypq`ca` cy pfa yqrrgs%yc`a ck`qypxcng idkyqgpnkp
&Fcygdr 8228' Kazenk , Zaypxqr 8221#+ Pfcy cy hainqya yqif idkyqgpnkpy pak` pd ha edxa
kqeaxdqy' |cychga nk` ldxeng pfnk pfdya igdya pd pfa ak`%qyaxy+ Pfa YGPCy lxneazdxm cy yakycpc|a
pd ecixd%yinga eaifnkcyey nk` ydicng `skneciy ny zagg ny jc|ckj yseeapxcing pxanpeakp dl yqrrgs
nk` qya yrniay+ Pfcy pfaxaldxa aknhgay qy pd ypnpa pfnp pfaxa nxa ngyd dlpak n laz ckldxeng qya%yc`a
ckpaxea`cnxcay pfnp `d pfacx zdxm ny n yc`a gcka+
AXR ysypaey nxa raxiac|a` ny idklcjqxnpcdkng paifkdgdjcay pfnp pxn|axya diiqrnpcdkng' pnym nk`
a|ak dxjnkcnpcdkng hdqk`nxcay nk` `xnz pdjapfax draxnpcdky raxldxea` hs rxa|cdqygs yarnxnpa
cygnk`y dl ckldxenpcdk nqpdenpcdk' zcpf a|axspfckj ck hapzaak dkgs idkiaxka` zcpf ngcjkckj'
idk|axpckj dx pxnkyecppckj pfa `c|axya ckldxenpcdk idkpncka` zcpfck pfa rxa|cdqygs yarnxnpa` qkcpy+
Za nxjqa ckypan` pfnp zfnp fnrraky ck pfa ed`axk dxjnkcnpcdk cergaeakpckj AXRy cy pfnp pfcy
.a|axspfckj ck hapzaak( `day edxa pfnk ngcjk `cyraxya` `npnhnyay nk` idqkpy ny n ldxenpc|a yrnia+
Hs ldiqyckj dk pfa dxjnkcnpcdkng idkyqerpcdk dl AXRy' za ngyd rxdrdya pfnp idergav kapzdxm
ldxenpcdk nk` enknjaeakp `a|ciay nxa xa~qcxa` pd dxjnkca pfa enks nipdxy zcyfckj pd yranm ldx
AXR ysypaey cergaeakpnpcdk nk` yqrrdxp+ Pfa dxjnkcnpcdk dl pfa AXR cergaeakpnpcdk yqrrdxp
ifnck cy dka dl pfaya enknjaeakp `a|ciay pfnp za c`akpclca` ck @nkpa Rxd|ckia+ Ngdkj pfnp ifnck'
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pfa xcjfp pd yranm ldx pfa ysypae &zfnp za c`akpcls ny )gdiqy dl cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay$# zny pnmak
hs `cllaxakp nipdxy np `cllaxakp pceay+ Pfa dxjnkcnpcdk dl pfaya pqxky nk` pfacx rdycpcdk ngdkj pfa
ifnck nllaipa` pfa xagnpc|a rdzax dl anif ckpaxea`cnxs nipdx &mas qyax' CP enknjax' idkyqgpnkp'
enknjaeakp niidqkpnkp# pd ed`cls pfa ysypae$y cergaeakpnpcdk pxnoaipdxs' `cxaipgs dx ck`cxaipgs'
hs cklgqakickj pfa `aicycdky dl pfa ydlpznxa `a|agdraxy+
Hs eanky dl dqx yqrrgs$qya yrnia%hnya` nkngsycy za znkpa` ck rnxpciqgnx pd xa|ang fdz pfa
|nxca` iderdycpcdky dl yqrrgs nk` qya yrnia np `cllaxakp pceay nxa akgcypa` ck mkdzga`ja ldxenpcdk
nhdqp ypnk`nx`cnpcdk nk`$dx iqypdecnpcdk dl pfa ysypae+ Za znkpa` pd cggqypxnpa gdkj paxe
lxneckj nk` d|axlgdzckj dl paifkdgdjcing ifdcia ny `axc|ckj lxde pfa `cypxchqpa` &Rakpgnk`'
>338# nk` nh`qipc|a &Ngemd|' 8226# knpqxa dl paifkcing mkdzga`ja ldxenpcdk ck AXR ysypaey
cergaeakpnpcdk nk` rdyp%cergaeakpnpcdk+
Ckypan` dl xalgaipckj nkpnjdkcye hapzaak `cllaxakp arcypaeci iqgpqxay ck dxjnkcnpcdky' ny ck
ydea AXR cergaeakpnpcdk ypq`cay &Znjkax , Kazagg' 8220#' pfa ed|ay pfnp za ldqk` ck @nkpa
Rxd|ckia zaxa edxa gcmags nyixchnhga ny )hgnea%yfclpckj$ psray dl ed|ay' gcma pfdya kdpa` hs Rdggdim
nk` Idxkldx` ck pfacx ypq`s dl AXR ysypae cergaeakpnpcdk ck n qkc|axycps n`eckcypxnpcdk &Rdggdim
, Idxkldx`' 8220#+
Ck dqx |caz' pfa nhcgcps pd )yfclp pfa hgnea$ cy kdp n inrnicps ycergs xayc`ckj np pfa ga|ag dl
ycpqnpa`' lnia%pd%lnia ckpaxnipcdky= xnpfax' cp pnmay yfnra nixdyy n jgdhng kapzdxm dl rxnipciay
idkkaipa` hs pfa AXR yqrrdxp ifnck ck avpak`a` pcea+
9+ Xayanxif Eapfd`dgdjs
Pfa rnrax rxayakpy pfa xayqgpy dl nk ckpaxrxapc|a' nxpciqgnpc|a nk` rxnipcia%hnya` xayanxif rxdoaip
&Zngyfne' 8229= Kcidgckc' 822
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Pfa gan` nqpfdx cy nk nin`aeci zfd hajnk ypq`sckj AXR ysypaey qynja ck pfa rqhgci yaipdx ck
pfa ckpaxknpcdkng idkpavp ny rnxp dl fcy `dipdxng pfaycy &8229%8226#+ @xnzckj dk raxydkng
idkkaipcdky' fa pfak hajnk pd hqcg` n kapzdxm dl idkpnipy zcpfck pfa Cpngcnk rqhgci yaipdx zfcif ga`
pd idggnhdxnpcdk zcpf fcy id%nqpfdx+ Pfa id%nqpfdx cy n enypax ypq`akp zcpf pak sanxy zdxmckj
avraxcakia dl AXR qynja ck @nkpa Rxd|ckia+ Yfa hxckjy ckycjfpy lxde rxdlayycdkng rxnipcia'
iqeqgnpc|a xan`ckj dl yraicngca` rqhgcinpcdky' nk` ck%`arpf mkdzga`ja dl jd|axkeakp rdgcis
`diqeakpy+ Pfa xdga dl n rxnipcing pfadxcyp &Fdllenk' 8220# cy ycecgnx pd pfnp dl nk apfkdjxnrfax$y
ckldxenkp rxd|c`ckj ckycjfpy ckpd pfa gdjci dl pfa xayanxif yappckj' aviarp pfnp pfa rxnipcing pfadxcyp
idggnhdxnpay dk n ga|ag rgnsckj lcag`+ @qxckj pfa nkngsycy rxdiayy pfa rxnipcing pfadxcyp cy n
idggnhdxnpdx ck enmckj yakya dl pfa `npn+
Pfa lcag` xayanxif zny `aycjka` ck dx`ax pd scag` n `ayixcrpcdk dl fdz @nkpa Rxd|ckiay AXR
cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay a|dg|a` nixdyy pfa avpak`a` xnkja dl fcypdxcing pceay nk` gdingay dl pfa
aeaxjckj enxmap dl ydlpznxa yax|cia yqrrgs ck pfa rqhgci yaipdx+ Za n`drpa` n psra dl ydicng
yicakia nrrxdnif zfcif ldiqyay dk dhyax|ckj `ncgs rxnipciay nk` qk`axypnk`ckj fdz rnxpcicrnkpy
ck ycpqnpcdky nyyaehga n xanydknhga qk`axypnk`ckj dl pfa pfckjy nk` a|akpy pfnp idkiaxk pfae+ Ck
dx`ax pd inrpqxa pfcy nyraip' za ldiqya` kdp dkgs dk pfa rnxpcicrnkpy `cxaipgs ck|dg|a` ck gding
ckpaxnipcdky hqp ngyd dk gding ckpaxnipcdky nk` yakya%enmckj ny rnxp dl n ypxnpajs rgnsa` dqp hs nk
avpak`a` kapzdxm dl rxnipcia+ Pfa ganxkckj xarxd`qia` ck yqif avpak`a` ycpqnpcdky cy yaak ny
xalgaipckj hnim dk nipdxy yakya%enmckj nipc|cpcay ck ycpqnpcdky nk` fn|ckj n xdga ck pfa yfnrckj dl
paifkcing mkdzga`ja ck pfa dxjnkcnpcdk+ N``xayyckj pfa xnkja dl pcealxneay nk` ga|agy dl nkngsycy
yqxxdqk`ckj ydicng nipcdk ck AXR cergaeakpnpcdk xa~qcxa` `cllaxakp ed`ay dl idkypxqipcdk dl pfa
lcag`+ Dqx lcag`zdxm rxnipcia xagca` dk .rdgsedxrfdqy akjnjaeakp( &Jqpaxydk >33:?>>331?333:?>>
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pfnp .ed|ay dqp lxde pfa yckjga ycpay nk` gding ycpqnpcdky dl idk|akpcdkng apfkdjxnrfci xayanxif
`aycjky pd avnecka pfa icxiqgnpcdk dl iqgpqxng eankckjy' dhoaipy' nk` c`akpcpcay ck `cllqya pcea%
yrnia( &Enxiqy >331?30
rgnky enknja` nk` nhdqp 982 qyaxy ny idkpakp rxd|c`axy+ Ny zcpf nrrxd|ng dl pfa .Gdkj%paxe
Yaipdxcng Rgnk( &@nkpa Rxd|ckia enck ypxnpajci rgnk#' pfa RY ed`qga zny qya` ck idkoqkipcdk zcpf
pfa @@R ed`qga &pfa ed`qga pfnp iderxcyay pfa zxcppak n`eckcypxnpc|a `diqeakpy# nk` pfa LC%ID
ed`qga &pfa niidqkpckj ed`qga#+ @cllaxakp @nkpa Rxd|ckiay dxjnkcnpcdkng ypxqipqxay zaxa
ck|dg|a` ck rgnkkckj nipc|cpcay np `cllaxakp ypnjay nk` np anif ypnja pfas en`a qya dl pfa YNR AXR
ysypae+
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Pfa yaidk` ypxnpajs n`drpa` pd idkypxqip dqx lcag` zny pd ldggdz pfa `a|agdreakp dl pfa YNR Rqhgci
Yaipdx cergaeakpnpcdk+ Ny zagg ny avneckckj ldxeng ckpaxea`cnxcay' dqx ypxnpajs zny pd c`akpcls
pfdya ckpaxea`cnxcay gdinpa` np pfa ckpaxypciay hapzaak dxjnkcnpcdky ck ckldxeng xdgay nk` pd rns
igdyax nppakpcdk pd hxdn`ax ydicng xagnpcdky' yd ny pd avrgnck pfa lckax ypxqipqxa dl AXR
cergaeakpnpcdk nk` rdyp%cergaeakpnpcdk+ Pfa mas nipdxy pd ckpax|caz nk` dhyax|a lqxpfax zaxa
c`akpclca` dk pfa hnycy dl pfacx xdga ck pfa RY ed`qga cergaeakpnpcdk nk` rdyp%cergaeakpnpcdk+
Ypnxpckj lxde pfa RY ed`qga' za c`akpclca` dpfax ydlpznxa ed`qgay ckpajxnpa` zcpf pfa RY' pfa
dxjnkcnpcdkng nipdxy idkkaipa` zcpf pfa RY ny nkngsypy' `aycjkaxy' rxdjxneeaxy' idkyqgpnkpy'
rxdoaip enknjaxy' mas qyaxy' idkpakp rxd|c`axy' nk` idkpakp qyaxy+ Pfa pfcx` nk` xagnpa` ypxnpajs dl
lcag` idkypxqipcdk zny pd ldggdz pfa `a|agdreakp dl pfa radrga ck|dg|a` ck AXR cergaeakpnpcdk
nk` rdyp%cergaeakpnpcdk ck pfacx zdxm yappckjy hs ckpax|cazckj nk` dhyax|ckj pfae+
Pnhga >? ckpax|cazy nk` dhyax|npcdky pnhga
Radrga ck|dg|a` ck AXR cergaeakpnpcdk nk` rdyp%cergaeakpnpcdk
Lqkipcdkng Nkngsyp dl
pfa ck%fdqya CP idernks
Ckpax|caza`? 1 Enxif 8226
Rxdoaip enknjax dl @nkpa Rxd|ckia
YNR cergaeakpnpcdk rxdoaip
Ckpax|caza`? 8> Kd|aehax 822:= 9 Enxif
8226+
mas qyax ldx pfa Rxdjxneeckj
Yax|cia &idkpakp qyax#
Ckpax|caza`? >2 Onkqnxs 8226
Dhyax|npcdk raxcd`? Nqjqyp 8226
mas qyax ldx pfa Niidqkpckj
Yax|cia &idkpakp qyax#
Ckpax|caza`? 9 Enxif 8226
Dhyax|npcdk raxcd`? Nqjqyp 8226
Draxnpcdkng Yax|cia raxydkkag Dhyax|npcdk raxcd`? Nqjqyp 8226
Niidx`ckj pd n )ykdzhngg$ allaip &Inxkcnzymn' >336#' pfcy pfcx` ypxnpajs aknhga` qy pd lqxpfax
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avpak` pfa xayanxif lcag` nk` lcknggs pd idergaeakp dqx enr zcpf pfa d|axngg rcipqxa dl pfa kapzdxm
dl rxnipcia ck|dg|a` ck pfa @nkpa Rxd|ckiay YNR cergaeakpnpcdk rxdoaip >+
Pfa `npn idggaipcdk eapfd`y aergdsa` pd jnpfax aercxcing enpaxcng zcpf zfcif pd xalcka
qk`axypnk`ckj dl @nkpa Rxd|ckiay cergaeakpnpcdk ypxnpajs zaxa hcdjxnrfci ckpax|cazy'
rnxpcicrnkp dhyax|npcdk' nk` `diqeakp xan`ckj nk` `cyiqyycdk+ Ckpax|cazy zaxa idk`qipa` ck n
hcdjxnrfci ldxe ypnxpckj lxde n lcxyp ck|cpnpcdk pd nkngsa pfa rxdlayycdkng gc|ay dl pfa ckldxenkpy
idkiaxkckj pfacx idkkaipcdk zcpf YNR ck @nkpa Rxd|ckia+ Pfa hcdjxnrfci ckpax|caz &Rdxpaggc' 8220=
Jqhxcqe , Fdgypack' 8229# rxd|c`ay pfa xayanxifax zcpf n `cyidqxya ck zfcif pfa hagcaly' pfa
nppcpq`ay' pfa |ngqay' pfa xarxayakpnpcdky dl pfa hcdjxnrfci pxnoaipdxcay nxa avrxayya` zcpf n
rnxpciqgnx aedpcdkng idgdxckj' nk` nxa ckyixcha` zcpfck nk nxjqeakpnpc|a ypxqipqxa pfnp `apaxeckay
pfacx ya~qakia nk` enkclaypy pfacx idkkaipcdky+ Ngg pfa ckpax|cazy zaxa pnra xaidx`a` nk` |axhnpce
pxnkyixcrpy zaxa rxd`qia` &Xcayyenk' >339#+ Yagaipa` ckpax|caz aviaxrpy xardxpa` ck pfa rnrax nxa
pxnkygnpa` hs pfa nqpfdxy+ Pfa yaidk` `npn idggaipcdk eapfd` zny rnxpcicrnkp dhyax|npcdk &\nk
Ennkak' >3:3= Xdyak' >33>#+ Pfa dhyax|npcdk iakpaxa` dk )fdp edeakpy$+ Ck rnxpciqgnx' cp pddm rgnia
`qxckj n enodx ifnkja ck pfa .Gdkj%paxe Ck|aypeakpy Rgnk( zcpf yqhya~qakp a|dgqpcdknxs
enckpaknkia dl pfa YNR RY ed`qga &Nqjqyp 8226#+ Pfa dhyax|npcdk idkiaxka` pfxaa dxjnkcnpcdkng
qkcpy? pfa Qkcp pfnp fn` rxdrdya` pfa ifnkja pd pfa Rgnk' pfa Rgnkkckj nk` Niidqkpckj Yax|cia Ypnll
Qkcpy' zfdya xayrdkychcgcps zny pd edkcpdx pfa ifnkjay rxd|c`a` hs pfa rxdrdkakp Yax|cia+
Dhyax|a` np pfa ycpa dl pfa rxdrdkakp Yax|cia zaxa pfa `npn ckrqp nipc|cpcay qyckj pfa YNR RY
ysypae' pfacx xagnpcdk zcpf nipqng niidqkpckj rxnipciay' nk` pfa idkkaipcdk dl pfa RY zcpf dpfax
ed`qgay+ Ny xajnx`y pfa Ypnll Yax|ciay' dhyax|npcdk zny en`a dl pfa rxnipciay dl idkpxdggckj pfa
idfaxakia nk` pfa niidqkpckj xajqgnxcps dl pfa ifnkjay hxdqjfp hs pfa Draxnpcdkng Yax|ciay+
Hayc`ay lcag`zdxm ckpax|cazy nk` dhyax|npcdky' za ngyd avnecka` pfa Cpngcnk rqhgci n`eckcypxnpcdk
xajqgnpcdky hapzaak >33< nk` 822: dk ck|aypeakp rgnkkckj nipc|cpcay nk` fdz pfas nxa `cypxchqpa`
> N lqxpfax rxdoaip idergaeakpckj dqx lcag`zdxm zny jdckj dk ck rnxnggag `xnzckj dk n idernxnpc|a nkngsycy
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ck pfa zns pfa |nxcaps dl xagnpcdkyfcry zfcif hxnkifa` dqp lxde pfcy rxdoaip fn|a ifnkja` d|ax
pcea+
Ldx pfa rqxrdya dl nkngsycy' pfa inya dl AXR cergaeakpnpcdk ck @nkpa Rxd|ckia cy `ayixcha`
nixdyy ldqx `cllaxakp pcea raxcd`y' lxde >336 pd 8226+
Pnhga 8
Pnhga dl pfa `cllaxakp pcea raxcd`y ck @nkpa Rxd|ckiapfa )Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa$ &>336%8228#
pfa )Mas Qyaxy$ &8228%8221#
pfa YNR idkyqgpnkis &8221%8226#
pfa Idkydxpcqe &8226%#
Pfa ldggdzckj ldqx yqh%yaipcdky rxd|c`a n `npn%`xc|ak knxxnpc|a `ayixchckj pfa ifnxnipaxcypciy dl
pfa yqrrgs$qya yrnia np anif pcea raxcd` ck pfa ypq`s+ Anif raxcd` idxxayrdk`y pd n yraiclci CP%
xagnpa` yqrrgs$qya yrnia+ Za fn|a en`a pfa edyp cklgqakpcng nipdx pfa rxcenxs `agajnpa ldx anif
pcea raxcd`' nk` za fn|a dxjnkca` pfa knxxnpc|a nxdqk` fcy$fax AXR rxdrdyng+ Anif pcea raxcd`
cy `cypckjqcyfa` hs n `cllaxakp yap dl nipdxy rdrqgnpckj pfa yqrrgs$qya yrnia+
Pnhga 9? Nipdx ck|dg|a` ck pfa cergaeakpnpcdk dl pfa AXR ysypae np `cllaxakp pcea raxcd`y
>336%8228YpaaxckjIdeecppaa
Raxcd`
8228%8221Mas QyaxRaxcd`
8221%822:YNRIdkyqgpnkpy
Raxcd`
8226%++IdkydxpcqeRaxcd`
&># Ypaaxckj Ideecpaa V
&8# ck%fdqya CP Idernks V V
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&9# Rxc|npa Yaipdx Idkyqgpnkpy V
&0# Idkydxpcqe dl Idkyqgpnkpy V
&1# YNR Idkyqgpnkpy V
&2# Dpfax Gding Dxjnkcnpcdkycergaeakpckj YNR
V
Ck pfa lcxyp pcea raxcd` nipdxy zaxa? Ypaaxckj Ideecppa' ck%fdqya CP Idernks' Rxdoaip Enknjax'
nk` Draxnpcdkng Qyaxy+ Pfa yaidk` pcea raxcd` ypnxpy zfak pfa Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa ~qcp nk` Mas
Qyaxy nxa nrrdckpa` ldx anif Dxjnkcnpcdkng Qkcp ck|dg|a`+ Pfa pfcx` pcea raxcd` hajcky zfak YNR
Idkyqgpnpy nxa ck|dg|a` ldx YNR cergaeakpnpcdk ckypan` dl pfa ck%fdqya CP Idernks nk` zfak
dpfax Rqhgci N`eckcypxnpcdky hajck pd cergaeakp YNR+ Pfa ldqxpf pcea raxcd` hajcky zfak n
Idkydxpcqe dl idkyqgpnkpy cy hqcgp pd cergaeakp YNR ckypan` dl YNR idkyqgpnkpy nk` zfak dpfax
Gding Dxjnkcnpcdky &kdp dkgs rqhgci n`eckcypxnpcdky# hajck pd cergaeakp YNR+
0+> Pfa ypaaxckj ideecppaa &>336%8228#
Ck >336' @nkpa Rxd|ckia zny dka dl pfa lcxyp Cpngcnk rqhgci n`eckcypxnpcdky cergaeakpckj YNR+
Pfa Cpngcnk YNR |axycdk dl pfa |axpcingcnpcdk ldx pfa rqhgci yaipdx fn` idea dqp oqyp pfa sanx haldxa+
.Ck >336 kdhd`s zny cergaeakpckj YNR ck pfa rqhgci yaipdx ck Cpngs+ Ngdka ck `dckj yd zny
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CKR@NR' n ydicng inxa ckypcpqpcdk+ Pfas hdqjfp pfa YNR |axycdk ldx pfa rxc|npa yaipdx nk`
n`nrpa` cp n gcppga+ Za zaxa pfa lcxyp pd cergaeakp pfa YNR ck pfa rqhgci yaipdx+ C ynz cp lcxyp ck
>33:+ Np pfa ak` dl >33< C ynz cp ck Ecgnk ck Jaxenk+ Ck pfa yrxckj dl >33: C ynz cp ck Cpngcnk+
Za zaxa pfa lcxyp pd yaa pfa YNR |axpcingcnpcdk ldx pfa rqhgci yaipdx( &@nkpa Rxd|ckia AXR
Rxdoaip Enknjax#
Pfa dkgs rqhgci n`eckcypxnpcdky cergaeakpckj YNR np pfnp pcea zaxa ck ldxacjk idqkpxcay %
Nqypxcn nk` Yrnck+ Nk` pfas fn|a `cllaxakp niidqkpckj rxnipciay lxde Cpngsy?
.pfas fn|a nk Nkjgd%Ynvdk niidqkpckj ed`ag+ Za fn|a n Gnpck ed`ag+ Ck pfa Nkjgd%Ynvdk
ed`ag idkpxdgy nxa ngg lckng+ Dqxy nxa aypcenpay( &@nkpa Rxd|ckia AXR Rxdoaip Enknjax#
N Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa zny aernkaga` pd enknja pfa ckpxd`qipcdk dl YNR ck @nkpa Rxd|ckia+
Pfa ideecppaa idkycypa` dl pfa Jakaxng @cxaipdx dl pfa ck%fdqya CP idernks' pfa fan` dl @nkpa
Rxd|ckia CP @arnxpeakp' pdjapfax zcpf pfa fan`y dl pfa Dxjnkcnpcdk' Rgnkkckj' Niidqkpckj nk`
Xa|akqay @arnxpeakpy+ @arnxpeakp nxa pfa fcjfayp n`eckcypxnpc|a hd`cay ck @nkpa Rxd|ckia+ Pfa
Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa ngyd ckigq`a` pfa ck%fdqya CP idernks rxd`qipcdk enknjax' dka rxdoaip
iddx`cknpdx lxde @nkpa Rxd|ckia' nk` pzd idkyqgpnkpy lxde pfa gding qkc|axycps+
Pnhga 9
Nipdxy ck pfa >336%8228 pcea raxcd` dl cergaeakpnpcdk dl pfa AXR ck @nkpa Rxd|ckia &># Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa
&8# Ck%fdqya CP Idernks
&9# Rxdoaip Enknjax
&0# Draxnpcdkng Qyaxy
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Pfa Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa fn` pd gan` @nkpa Rxd|ckia pdznx`y pfa n`drpcdk dl YNR nk` cp ngyd
fn` pfa xdga dl kajdpcnpckj `a|agdreakp dl pfa ysypae zcpf pfa ck%fdqya CP idernks idqkpaxrnxpy+
Pfa Ideecppaa `aic`a` pfnp pfa @nkpa Rxd|ckiay cergaeakpnpcdk ypxnpajs yfdqg` ha n .ed`qgnx(
dka? pfnp cy' ckpxd`qickj dka ed`qga nlpax nkdpfax' akyqxckj pfnp anif ed`qga zny n`drpa` hs ngg
dxjnkcnpcdkng qkcpy' haldxa ed|ckj pd pfa kavp+ Pfa lcxyp YNR ed`qgay ckpxd`qia` qk`ax pfa
jqc`nkia dl pfa Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa zaxa pzd' ckigq`ckj pfa niidqkpckj ed`qga+ Np pfnp pcea'
cergaeakpnpcdk yqrrdxp zny rxd|c`a` pd @nkpa Rxd|ckia hs nhdqp 98 `a|agdraxy' pfa enodxcps dl
pfae lxde pfa ck%fdqya CP idernks' nk` pfa xayp lxde avpaxkng yqrrgcaxyT+ Nkngsycy nk` `aycjk
zaxa rxd|c`a` hs pfa ck%fdqya CP idernksy raxydkkag' zfaxany rxdjxneeckj zny rxd|c`a` hs
pfcx`%rnxps yqrrgcaxy' idxxayrdk`ckj pd 8$9 ckpaxkng `a|agdreakp nk` >$9 dqpydqxia`+ Pfa lcxyp
YNR ed`qgay ckpxd`qia` zaxa ck n ypnk`nx` |axycdk+ Pfa Ypaaxckj Ideecppaay ckpakpcdk zny pfnp
YNR yfdqg` yax|a pd enknja ideedk `npn' zfcga yaipdx%yraiclci `npn yfdqg` ha galp pd dpfax
nrrgcinpcdky nqpdkdedqygs ifdyak hs pfa Draxnpcdkng Yax|ciay+
.Gap$y yns pfnp pfa ypxqipqxng `npn' pfa yaipdxcng `npn' yfdqg` kdp ha la` ckpd YNR' hainqya cp cy
qyagayy pd ckrqp ck YNR ckldxenpcdk pfnp `day kdp fn|a nk n``a` |ngqa ldx ngg+ Dka eqyp yns?
)Dmns pfa `npn ck YNR nxa pfa dllcicng `npn $+ Lxde pfaxa `dzk' dx ny n idergaeakp' dka fny
pfa Aviag pnhga zfaxa pfa ydqxia `npn nk` pfa yaipdxcng `npn nxa c`akpclca`+ Ck pfcy zns pfaxa cy
kd `qrgcinpcdk( &YNR rxdoaip xalaxakia raxydk#+
Pfcy zdqg` fn|a n|dc`a` `qrgcinpcdky dl `npn nk` yfdqg` fn|a lnicgcpnpa` n`drpcdk dl n |axycdk
dl pfa ysypae zcpf gayy iqypdecnpcdky+ Pfa @nkpa Rxd|ckia AXR cergaeakpnpcdk rxdoaip enknjax
ync` nhdqp fax xdga np pfnp pcea?
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.C ngznsy rxdedpa` pfa Draxnpcdkng Yax|ciay rdckp dl |caz+++ C rgnsa` pfa xdga dl pfa
Draxnpcdkng Yax|ciay( &@nkpa Rxd|ckia AXR Rxdoaip Enknjax#
Pfcy |caz zny yfnxa` hs pfa enodxcps dl pfa eaehaxy dl pfa Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa' zfdya xdga
zny pd enckpnck idkpxdg d|ax pfa nedqkp dl iqypdecnpcdky xa~qaypa` hs pfa xarxayakpnpc|ay dl anif
@arnxpeakp ck|dg|a`+
Pfa rxdoaip iddx`cknpdx `ayixcha` pfa xnpcdknga dl pfa lcxyp ed`qgay cergaeakpnpcdk ny ldggdzy?
.Anif yckjga qyax' anif yckjga yax|cia zny xayrdkychga ldx pfa `npn ckrqp nk` ldx pfa
idkpxdgy+ Za ypxqipqxa` pfa ysypae ck n zns pfnp zdqg` ydg|a pfa ckldxenpcdk
xa~qcxaeakpy dl pfa Ypnll Yax|ciay yd pfnp pfas idqg` edkcpdx+ Hqp ayyakpcnggs' pfa ysypae
zny ckpak`a` pd yax|a pfa Draxnpcdkng Yax|ciay qyaxy( &@nkpa Rxd|ckia AXR Rxdoaip
Enknjax#+
Pfa yax|ciay pd zfcif pfa AXR rxdoaip enknjax xalaxy ck pfa ckpax|caz aviaxrp nxa dl pzd mck`y?
Draxnpcdkng Yax|ciay nk` Ypnll Yax|ciay+ Pfaya nxa hdpf yqh%yaipcdky dl @arnxpeakpy' pfa fan`y dl
zfcif zaxa eaehaxy dl pfa Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa+ Draxnpcdkng yax|ciay zaxa pfdya pfnp la` `npn ckpd
pfa ysypae+ Pfas ldxea` pfa |nyp enodxcps dl pfa qyaxy dl YNR &nhdqp 862 dqp dl 982 pdpng qyaxy dl
pfa ysypae ck @nkpa Rxd|ckia#+ Ypnll Yax|ciay idkpxdgga` pfa xajqgnxcps nk` idfaxakia dl pfa idkpakpy
rxd|c`a` hs idkyqgpckj pfa xardxpy &nhdqp 02 dqp dl 982#+ Dka dl pfa enck ncey dl ckpxd`qickj YNR
np @nkpa Rxd|ckia zny ck lnip n`eckcypxnpc|a `aiakpxngcnpcdk+ N`eckcypxnpc|a draxnpcdky ldxeaxgs
yqrrgca` hs n jxdqr dl 02 niidqkpnkpy zaxa pd ha `cypxchqpa` nedkj nhdqp 922 radrga lxde ngg >0
@nkpa Rxd|ckia Draxnpcdkng Yax|ciay+
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0+> Pfa mas qyaxy &8228%8221#
Ck 8228' nlpax cergaeakpnpcdk dl pfa lcxyp YNR ed`qgay' pfa Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa `cyydg|a`+ Pfa
pdr enknjaeakp nyycjka` lqgg xayrdkychcgcps ldx pfa ysypaey cergaeakpnpcdk pd pfa Rxdoaip
Enknjax+ Pfa Rxdoaip Enknjax zny ed|a` lxde pfa CP @arnxpeakp pd pfa Niidqkpckj @arnxpeakp
hainqya cp zny xajnx`a` ny n happax gdinpcdk lxde zfcif pd jnpfax @nkpa Rxd|ckiay xa~qcxaeakpy ldx
YNR cergaeakpnpcdk+
Pdjapfax zcpf ydea n``cpcdkng nrrgcinpcdky ck pfa niidqkpckj nxan' ck pfcy pcea raxcd` ngyd
cergaeakpa` zny pfa RY .Rxdoaip Ysypae(+ Pfa RY ed`qgay cergaeakpnpcdk ck|dg|a` @nkpa
Rxd|ckia raxydkkag pfnp `c` kdp hagdkj pd pfa Niidqkpckj @arnxpeakp+ Xnpfax' pfa RY mas qyax zny
yagaipa` lxde nedkj eaehaxy dl pfa Rgnkkckj @arnxpeakp+ Pfaxa zny n dka%pd%dka enpif hapzaak
ck%fdqya CP idernks hqyckayy nkngsypy nk` mas qyaxy+ Ya|ak mas qyaxy zaxa ck rgnia ldx ny enks
hqyckayy rxdiayyay ck|dg|a` ck n`drpcdk dl pfa nhd|a%eakpcdka` ed`qgay+ Ngg aviarp dka pfa
hq`jap Mas Qyax zaxa lxde pfa ynea Dxjnkcnpcdkng Qkcp &pfa iakpxng Niidqkpckj @arnxpeakp#+
Pfa rxdoaip enknjax raxiac|a` pfnp pfa gdjci fn` ifnkja` hapzaak pfa Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa raxcd`
nk` pfa 8228%8221 raxcd`?
.Za znkpa` pd yaa YNR lxde pfa rdckp dl |caz dl pfa rxdoaip dx dl pfa rgnk' kdp lxde pfa
niidqkpckj rdckp dl |caz ]+++U+ Hqp pfa gdjci fn` haak ifnkja`+( &@nkpa Rxd|ckia AXR Rxdoaip
Enknjax#+
Idernxa` zcpf pfa ldxeax raxcd`' pfa hngnkia hapzaak ck%fdqya `a|agdreakp nk` pfcx`%rnxps
yqrrgs zny xa|axya`? `a|agdreakp zny >$9 ck%fdqya nk` 8$9 dqpydqxia`+ Pfa CP ck%fdqya
idernks ypnxpa` pd hqs nkngsycy ny zagg ny rxdjxneeckj lxde avpaxkng rxd|c`axy+
Idkyqgpnkpy fcxa` ck pfcy raxcd` dl lanychcgcps' nkngsycy nk` `aycjk dqpydqxickj fn` YNR
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cergaeakpnpcdk avraxcakia jncka` enckgs ck pfa rxc|npa yaipdx+ Dka dl pfae fn` zdxma` ldx pfa
cergaeakpnpcdk dl YNR np Ngcpngcn' nk Cpngcnk rxc|npa ncxgcka idernks?
.Gnyp sanx n idkyqgpnkp inea lxde Ngcpngcn+ Fa mkaz a|axspfckj nhdqp Ngcpngcn+ Fa
pfdqjfp fa idqg` nrrgs pfa Ngcpngcn ed`ag ck pfa @nkpa Rxd|ckia+ Cl fa fn` pdg` ea fa fn`
zdxma` ldx pfa Hdgdjkn Pdzk Idqkicg dx Xdea' pfak lncx akdqjf+++Fa zny xanggs zns dll+++fa
zny zns dll+++Ck lnip' fa zny xargnia`+ Pfa mas qyax zny qryap+ C pdg` pfa ck%fdqya CP
idernks pfnp pfa mas qyax zny xcjfp pd ha qryap+++ C pdg` pfa idkyqgpnkp pfnp rqhgci
niidqkpckj cy `cllaxakp lxde rxc|npa niidqkpckj.( &AXR Rxdoaip Enknjax#+
@qxckj pfcy raxcd`' n gnxja nedqkp dl `aicycdky dk iqypdecnpcdky zaxa pnmak pfxdqjf `cxaip
ckpaxnipcdk hapzaak Mas Qyaxy nk` pfa enckpaknkia jxdqr dl pfa ck%fdqya CP idernks+ Dkgs zfak
`aicycdky dk xa~qcxa` iqypdecnpcdky pnmak hs Ypnll Yax|ciay mas qyaxy idyp edxa pfnk >2 zdxm `nsy
dl yqrrdxp zaxa pfas yqhecppa` pd pfa Rxdoaip Enknjax+ Dpfaxzcya' pfa Rxdoaip Enknjax zny kdp
ck|dg|a`+ Pfaxa zny ngyd n inya zfak n iqypdecnpcdk pddm gdkjax pfnk >2 `nsy hqp pfa mas qyaxy dl
pfa rxdrdkakp Qkcp `c` kdp xags dk pfa @nkpa Rxd|ckia Rxdoaip Enknjax' ifddyckj ckypan` pfa
yqrrdxp dl pfa avpaxkng idkyqgpnkpy+ Pfcy zny rdyychga hainqya' niidx`ckj pd pfa ldxeng
dxjnkcnpcdkng ypxqipqxa' Mas Qyaxy `c` kdp `arak` dk pfa rxdoaip iddx`cknpdx hqp dk pfa fan` dl
pfacx dxjnkcnpcdkng ypxqipqxa' zfd zny nqpdkdedqy ck fax `aicycdky' ckigq`ckj pfdya idkiaxkckj
iaxpnck nyraipy dl YNR cergaeakpnpcdk nk` qynja+ Iqypdecnpcdky xa~qcxa` hs pfa Mas Qyaxy np pfnp
pcea zaxa rxayakpa` hs pfae hainqya .ckldxenpciy eqyp ha idfaxakp zcpf pfa rxd|cycdky( &Mas
Qyax' Rgnkkckj @c|cycdk#+ Pfqy' ck dx`ax pd ha lqggs idergcnkp zcpf pfa xajqgnpcdky' pfa Mas Qyaxy
xa~qcxa` yqrrgcaxy pd zdxm dk pfa nkngsycy nk` pfa ysypaey `aycjk pd ckigq`a ngg rdyychga
aviarpcdky psrcing dl pfa rqhgci yaipdx?
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.Pfa ypnk`nx` YNR RY ed`qga zny kdp jdd` hainqya pfa rqhgci n`eckcypxnpcdk cy yqhoaip pd
idkypxnckpy idkiaxkckj nqpfdxcnpcdk' hngnkia' nggdinpcdky+ Pfa rxc|npa yaipdx `day kdp fn|a
yqif xcjc` idkypxnckpy+ Pfa ypnk`nx` |axycdk dl pfa ed`qga `c` kdp fn|a ixdyy%idkpxdgy= pfaxa
zny kd ckpajxnpcdk' acpfax zcpf n`eckcypxnpc|a rxd|cycdky dx zcpf pfa niidqkpckj+ Cp zny gcma
fn|ckj ckldxenpcdk ck yarnxnpa nk` pdpnggs qkxagnpa` hdvay( &Mas Qyax Rgnkkckj @c|cycdk#+
N xarxayakpnpc|a dl pfa ck%fdqya CP idernks enckpaknkia jxdqr `ayixcha` pfcy ycpqnpcdk ny
ldggdzy? . Ck YNR za `c` |axs xcif xardxpckj' avpxaeags xcif nk` avpxaeags ydrfcypcinpa` C zdqg`
yns ]+++U+ Yd' ck pfadxs' cl pfa YNR xardxpy zaxa kdp idergapa' C `d kdp xanggs mkdz zfnp idqg` ha
edxa idergapa( &Ck%fdqya CP Idernks Hqyckayy Nkngsyp#+
0+9 Pfa YNR idkyqgpnkpy &8221%8226#
Np pfa pcea zfak Mas Qyaxy ni~qcxa` n iakpxng rdycpcdk ny @nkpa Rxd|ckia ckpaxea`cnxcay ldx
cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay' pfa @nkpa Rxd|ckia Rxdoaip Enknjax zny idkiaxka` zcpf pfa gdkjax pcea
xa~qcxa` ldx pfa ysypae cergaeakpnpcdk rxdiayy `qa pd kaz xajqgnpcdky dk inggy ldx hc`y+ Lxde 8228%20%8223#+
Zcpf YNR' lanychcgcps ypq`cay zaxa hackj idergapa` edxa xnrc`gs nk` pfa gcmagcfdd` dl
idergsckj zcpf pfa yqrrgcaxy )hayp rxnipciay$ zny ckixanyckj+
Ck pfa inya dl @nkpa Rxd|ckia' n idkyqgpnkp ngxan`s zdxmckj ldx n kacjfhdxckj gding
n`eckcypxnpcdk dk cergaeakpnpcdk dl n rnxpciqgnx mck` dl aergdseakp idkpxnip rnseakp
enknjaeakp zny fcxa` ldx pfa ynea rqxrdya+ Fa `a|agdra` nk ck`qypxcng |axycdk dl pfa
iqypdeca` nrrgcinpcdk' yappckj rnxneapaxy pd ha n`nrpa` ldx anif yckjga qyax ckpajxnpcdk dx
xajqgnpdxs xa~qcxaeakp+ Fa rxd|c`a` n ypnk`nx` |axycdk dl pfa nrrgcinpcdk' ny zagg ny idkyqgpnkis
dk cpy n`nrpnpcdk nk` enckpaknkia+ Np pfa ynea pcea pfa mas qyaxy dl pfa pzd `cllaxakp
n`eckcypxnpcdky ydqjfp pd idea qr zcpf ycecgnx ckpaxrxapnpcdky dl pfa ckpajxnpcdk nk` xajqgnpdxs
xa~qcxaeakpy nk` pd pxcnkjqgnpa pfae zcpf pfa idkyqgpnkp yax|ckj hdpf n`eckcypxnpcdky+
0+0 Pfa Idkydxpcqe &8226%#
Rxa|cdqygs' YNR fn` dllaxa` n hnyci yqrrdxp rnimnja idypckj >: raxiakp dl n iqypdeax*y gciakya
laay nk` n rxaecqe yqrrdxp rnimnja pfnp idyp 88 raxiakp+ Yckia Oqgs 8226' YNR fny gnxjags
agcecknpa` hdpf dllaxckjy ldx kaz iqypdeaxy nk` xargnia` pfae zcpf nk Akpaxrxcya Yqrrdxp
rnimnja pfnp idypy 88 raxiakp+ Edxad|ax' yckia 822
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Idkydxpcqe idkycypckj dl nin`aeci rnxpkaxy' idkyqgpnkpy nk` pfa ck%fdqya CP idernks zny ixanpa`+
.C nyma` pfnp lanychcgcps yfdqg` ha `dka hs YNR nk` kdp hs dpfaxy+ Qkldxpqknpags' cp zny
`aic`a` pd aypnhgcyf n Idkydxpcqe ckigq`ckj pfa gding qkc|axycps idkyqgpnkpy' pfa ck%fdqya CP
idernks nk` n pfcx` idkyqgpckj lcxe+ YNR cy kdp rnxp dl pfa idkydxpcqe+ Nk` cp cy n
rcps+++hainqya pfa hayp ifdcia zdqg` fn|a haak pd jd ldx pfa idkyqgpnkp zfd mkaz edyp nhdqp
pfa ysypae nk` pfnp zfd ldggdza` edyp cergaeakpnpcdky+ Pfak' ck es drckcdk' cl pfas mkdz
pfa pfckjy C znypa gayy pcea' C jap edxa xalcka` ydgqpcdky+++pfas pagg ea? )@dkp znypa pcea
pfaxa+++zfs iqypdeca4 Cpy rdckpgayy.( Zfaxany pfa Idkydxpcqe cy edxa dx gayy gcma pfa ck%
fdqya CP idernks+ Oqyp ny pfcy idernks fn` ync` say pd pfa Fan` dl pfa Niidqkpckj
@arnxpeakp ydea sanxy njd nk` iqypdeca` pfa ysypae edxa pfnk kaiayynxs+++Za pdd zcgg jd
hnim njnck? cp zcgg ha pfa ynea zcpf pfa Idkydxpcqe+ Cl sdq rns nk` pagg? )sdq fn|a pd `d n' h
nk` i+++(+++Cenjcka? pfa nkngsycy haideay gdkjax. Cp cy kdp pfnp pfas yns kd ceea`cnpags+
Ayraicnggs `qxckj pfa nkngsycy' pfas ldxayaa ngg rdyychga aviarpcdky+ Hqp ck pfa xa~qcxaeakp
rfnya cp cy rdckpgayy pd rcim qr ngg aviarpcdky cl sdq mkdz pfnp gnpax sdq zcgg kdp ha nhga pd
cergaeakp pfae+ Cp zdqg` ha oqyp pfa ynea ny paggckj ea pfdya sdq nxa nhga pd cergaeakp' hqp
cergaeakp pfae dk pfa hnycy dk nk ngxan`s%avcypckj hayp rxnipcia+ Yd pfa Idkydxpcqe en`a
qy gdya pcea+++(
Pfa Rxdoaip Enknjax pfqy `ayixcha` pfa ycpqnpcdk ny n rcps+ Niidx`ckj pd fax' pfa hayp ifdcia
zdqg` fn|a haak pd jd ldx pfa idkyqgpnkp zfd mkaz edyp nhdqp pfa ysypae+ Hainqya pfa
Idkydxpcqe mkaz gayy nhdqp pfa ysypae nk` fn` kd avraxcakia dl cergaeakpckj pfnp yraiclci
ed`qga ck pfa rqhgci n`eckcypxnpcdk' cp zny `ayixcha` hs pfa ckpax|cazaa ny fn|ckj en`a @nkpa
Rxd|ckia znypa pcea `qxckj pfa lanychcgcps ypq`s+ Yfa `ayixcha` pfa ycpqnpcdk ny n )xapqxk$ pd pfa
8228%8221 raxcd`' zfak enks iqypdecnpcdky zaxa raxldxea` zcpf pfa raxecyycdk dl pfa ck%fdqya
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CP idernks+ Pfa `aicycdk pd fcxa pfa Idkydxpcqe ckypan` dl n YNR idkyqgpnkp zny pnmak hs pfa
@nkpa Rxd|ckia ck%fdqya CP idernks+ Pfa xanydk zny pfnp pfa pdr enknjaeakp znkpa` pd avrgdcp
pfa ynea Idkydxpcqe pfnp fn` haak ixanpa` pd cergaeakp pfa YNR ysypae np pfa gding qkc|axycps+
Rxdia`qxay cergaeakpa` |cn YNR fn` pd idergs zcpf ngg pfa `cllaxakp gding rqhgci n`eckcypxnpcdky?
@nkpa Rxd|ckia' pfa 61 ckypcpqpcdky dl pfa a`qinpcdk ysypae enknja` hs pfa Rxd|ckia' nk` >8 Rqhgci
Njakicay+ Fn|ckj pfa ynea ysypae cergaeakpa` ck ngg pfa `cllaxakp gding rqhgci n`eckcypxnpcdky hs
pfa ynea rddg dl idkyqgpnkpy pfnp fn` ngxan`s zdxma` ldx pfa gding qkc|axycps zny n `aicycdk pfnp
`axc|a` lxde pfa jdng dl .ngcjkckj n lxnjeakpa` gnk`yinra dl rqhgci yaipdx dxjnkcnpcdky en`a qr
dl gnxja dxjnkcnpcdky nk` yenggax dkay zcpf ideedk ckpaxrxapnpcdky dl dxjnkcnpcdkng
rxdia`qxay(8+
Ny xardxpa` hs pfa AXR rxdoaip enknjax zcpf xalaxakia pd pfa avraxcakia dl n kacjfhdxckj gding
n`eckcypxnpcdk' pfcy jdng cy kdp ideedk pd ngg rqhgci n`eckcypxnpcdky cergaeakpckj YNR+ Pfa gding
n`eckcypxnpcdk eakpcdka` hs pfa @nkpa Rxd|ckia AXR iddx`cknpdx `aic`a` pd cergaeakp anif
ed`qga hs jnpfaxckj xa~qcxaeakpy dkgs lxde pfa Dxjnkcnpcdkng Qkcp rxdlcpckj edyp lxde cpy
qynjaT' zcpfdqp idkyc`axckj dpfax qkcpy pfnp ecjfp hakalcp lxde qya dl pfa ysypae+ Pfa `aicycdk
zfapfax dx kdp pd n`drp n xan`s%iqypdeca` ysypae zny qr pd pfae+ @nkpa Rxd|ckiay .nixdyy pfa
hdnx`( YNR cergaeakpnpcdk ypxnpajs &pfa rxdoaip enknjax inggy cp 9
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Pfa pcea pd ysypae xdgg%dqp |nxca` niidx`ckjgs+ Pfa AXR rxdoaip iddx`cknpdx ync` pfnp pfcy |nxca`
lxde pfxaa pd ldqx edkpfy ck inyay zfaxa pfa ypxnpajs zny pd cergaeakp niidx`ckj pd pfa
xa~qcxaeakpy yqhecppa` hs pfa enodx ypnmafdg`ax pd : sanxy ck inyay dl ypxnpajcay ycecgnx pd pfdya
n`drpa` hs @nkpa Rxd|ckia+
1+ Nkngsycy
Pfcy yaipcdk rxayakpy nk nkngsycy dl fdz @nkpa Rxd|ckia cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay ifnkja`
niidx`ckj pd pfa |nxca` `cypxchqpcdk dl nipdxy lxde dka pcea raxcd` pd pfa kavp+ Pfcy cy dxjnkca` ny
pfxaa )ed|ay$ xarxayakpckj pfa enck ifnkjay ck pfa dxjnkcnpcdkng lcag` dl cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay+
Pfa aercxcing `npn nxa qya` pd cggqypxnpa fdz `cllaxakp idklcjqxnpcdky dl nipdxy aknipa` `cllaxakp
ganxkckj yrniay nk`' lcknggs' fdz cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay ck anif fcypdxcing raxcd` nxa idkkaipa`+
Ny `cyiqyya` ck pfa pfadxapcing yaipcdk' za znkp pd yfdz fdz pfa |nxca` iderdycpcdk dl pfa
yqrrgs nk` qya yrnia np `cllaxakp pceay zny akgcypa` ck mkdzga`ja ldxenpcdk nhdqp AXR
cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay+ Dqx nkngsycy fcjfgcjfpy pfa `cypxchqpa` &Rakpgnk`' >338# nk` nh`qipc|a
&Ngemd|' 8226# knpqxa dl paifkcing mkdzga`ja ldxenpcdk gan`ckj pd AXR cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay np
@nkpa Rxd|ckia' pfnp cy fdz nipdx idkyc`axa` yqrrgs$qya yrnia nk` pcea ny xaydqxia ldx lxneckj
&nk` d|axlgdzckj# cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay+
Pfa nkngspcing pddgy n`drpa` pd ckpaxrxap pfa ed|ckj gdiqy dl cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay nixdyy pcea
raxcd`y nxa &c# pfa enr dl pfa yqrrgs$qya yrnia nk` &cc# pfa cergaeakpnpcdk pxnoaipdxs dl pfa AXR
ysypae lxde yqrrgs pd qya+ Pfa yqrrgs qya yrnia enr `ayixchay zfcif nipdxy zaxa rxayakp ck yrnia
nk` pfacx rdycpcdk hapzaak yqrrgs nk` qya+ Pfa d|axngg y~qnxa ck `c|c`a` ck ldqx |cazy+ Za zcgg
rdycpcdk nipdxy niidx`ckj pd pfaya |cazy? pfa CP enxmap |caz' pfa igcakp%idkyqgpnkp xagnpcdkyfcr
|caz' pfa dxjnkcnpcdkng nk` pfa edxa gding' `denck%yraiclci |caz+
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Pfa yrnia fny ldqx idxkaxy? yqrrgs' qya' iqypde nk` ypnk`nx`+ Cergaeakpnpcdk pxnoaipdxcay nxa
`arcipa` dk pfa enr ny gckay pfnp idkkaip pfa yqrrgs idxkax zcpf pfa qya idxkax+ Za zcgg `xnz dka
cergaeakpnpcdk pxnoaipdxs ldx anif pcea raxcd`+ Cergaeakpnpcdk pxnoaipdxcay ink acpfax idkkaip pfa
yqrrgs idxkax ypxncjfp pd pfa qya idxkax dx hak` pdznx`y pfa iqypde dx pfa ypnk`nx` idxkax'
niidx`ckj pd nipdxy `cypxchqpcdk ck yrnia+
Lcj+> Pfa @nkpa Rxd|ckia AXR rxdoaip yqrrgs$qya yrnia enr
Za dxjnkca pfa nkngsycy nxdqk` pfa )ed|ay$ lxde dka pcea raxcd` pd nkdpfax ck dx`ax pd
fcjfgcjfp fdz ifnkjay ck cergaeakpnpcdk pxnoaipdxcay zaxa `qa pd ifnkjay ck nipdxy idklcjqxnpcdky+
Pfa lcxyp yqhyaipcdk hajcky hs nkngsckj pfa ed|a lxde pfa raxcd` zfak pfa Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa
zny ck rgnia pd enknja n ixdyy%dxjnkcnpcdkng rxdoaip pd pfa pcea zfak pfa n`drpcdk dl YNR zny
enknja` hs pfa nrrdckpeakp dl Mas Qyaxy xarxayakpckj anif Dxjnkcnpcdkng Qkcp ck|dg|a`+ Pfcy cy
nkngsa` ny n ed|a lxde ixdyy%qkcp avraxceakpnpcdk pd yqh%qkcp iakpaxa` `aycjk+
Pfa yaidk` yqh%yaipcdk nkngsay pfa ed|a lxde pfa yqh%qkcp iakpaxa` `aycjk idklcjqxnpcdk pd
zfak YNR idkyqgpnkpy nk` dpfax Rqhgci N`eckcypxnpcdky zaxa hxdqjfp ckpd pfa rcipqxa &8221%822:#+
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Pfcy cy nkngsa` ny n ed|a pd ckpax%dxjnkcnpcdkng nk` ckpax%xajcdkng ckkdlqycdk+
Lcknggs za nkngsa pfa ed|a lxde pfa 8221%822: pcea raxcd` pd pfa iqxxakp pcea raxcd` zfaxa
YNR idkyqgpnkpy zaxa xargnia` zcpf n `cllaxakp Idkydxpcqe dl idkyqgpnkpy ckigq`ckj pfa ck%fdqya
CP Idernks nk` cergaeakpnpcdk ifdcia idkiaxka` enks dpfax gding dxjnkcnpcdky+ Za nkngsa pfcy
ny n ed|a lxde ckpax%dxjnkcnpcdkng nk` ckpax%xajcdkng ckkdlqycdk pd n qya%yrnia hnya`
jakaxclcinpcdk+
Lcknggs zcgg zcgg `xnz pdjapfax pfa ldqx enry nk` enma idkigqycdky idkiaxkckj gdkj paxe
`skneciy dl cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay+
1+> Lxde ixdyy%qkcp avraxceakpnpcdk pd yqh%qkcp iakpaxa` aycjk
Ck pfa yqrrgs$qya yrnia aknipa` `qxckj pfa lcxyp pcea raxcd`' ideeqkcinpcdk lxde pfa qya yc`a
pd pfa yqrrgs yc`a zny akyqxa` hs pfa Ideecppaa' dk zfcif @nkpa Rxd|ckiay dxjnkcnpcdkng
@arnxpeakp nk` pfa cergaeakpnpcdk yqrrdxp rxd|c`axy zaxa ngg xarxayakpa`+ Pfa yqrrgs yrnia
idkycypa` dl n gcecpa` kqehax dl ckpaxea`cnxcay' pfa edyp cerdxpnkp dl zfcif zny pfa ck%fdqya CP
idernks+ Pfa qya yrnia iderxcya` fcjfax xarxayakpnpc|ay dl @nkpa Rxd|ckiay @arnxpeakpy+
Cergaeakpnpcdk nipdxy pfqy zdxma` zcpfck n .fqe( dl .idkpckqdqy xardxpckj nedkj rnxpcicrnkpy(
&Mkdxx Iapckn' >333#+ Ideeqkcinpcdk nedkj eaehaxy dl pfa cergaeakpnpcdk rxdoaipy .fqe( pddm
rgnia zcpfck pfcy gcecpa` ganxkckj yrnia+ Fdza|ax' pfa rxayakia dl pfa Jakaxng @cxaipdx dl pfa ck%
fdqya CP idernks nk` dl n kqehax dl @nkpa Rxd|ckia fan`y dl `arnxpeakp akyqxa` pfa
lqk`neakpng enknjaeakp ideecpeakp pd pfa rxdoaip nk` aerdzaxa` ixdyy%yaipdxcng rxdoaip
enknjaeakp lqkipcdky+ Pfa jdng zny ngyd gcecpa`? kneags n idqrga dl YNR ed`qgay ckigq`ckj pfa
niidqkpckj ed`qga+
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Lcj+8 % Yqrrgs$qya yrnia ycpqnpcdkng enr dl >336%8228 raxcd`
Niidx`ckj pd pfa Ydicng Ganxkckj ck Paifkdgdjcing Ckkd|npcdk &YGPC# lxneazdxm' pfcy cy pfa
`aycjk$qya yrnia idklcjqxnpcdk dl n paifkdgdjcing avraxceakp' zfaxa qyaxy' `a|agdraxy nk`
yqrrgcaxy &Onajax' Ygnim nk` Zcggcney' 8222= Hxdzk' \axjxnjp' Jxaak , Haxifciic' 8229# dlpak
`agchaxnpags idkypxqip n idkypcpqakis dl iaxpnck mas rgnsaxy pd rxd|c`a nk ckcpcng lxneazdxm dl c`any
nk` xaydqxiay pd yfnra ckkd|npcdk &Edgckn' >331#+ Pfa c`an aeaxjckj lxde pfcy idkypcpqakis zny
pfnp YNR yfdqg` ha cergaeakpa` pd eaap pfa sanx 8222 ecgaypdka ldx ysypae xdgg%dqp' zcpfdqp pdd
enks iqypdecnpcdky idkiaxkckj xardxpckj%idkpxdggckj%edkcpdxckj lqkipcdky+
Pfa ysypae np pfnp pcea .ckpak`a` pd yax|a pfa Draxnpcdkng Yax|ciay qyaxy( zny n ysypae .ck
zfcif anif yckjga qyax' anif yckjga qkcp' zny xayrdkychga ldx pfa `npn ckrqp nk` ldx pfa idkpxdgy(
+
.Ckldxenpcdk pfnp `day kdp fn|a nk n``a` |ngqa ldx ngg(' pfnp cy' pfa idkpxdg xa~qcxaeakpy
raxldxea` hs anif yckjga Ypnll Yax|cia ldx cpy dzk edkcpdxckj rqxrdyay' .yfdqg` kdp ha ckigq`a`(+
Ck 8228' fn|ckj nifca|a` pfa jdng dl xdggckj dqp pfa laz ed`qgay idkiaxka`' pfa Ypaaxckj
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Lcj+ 9 % Yqrrgs$qya yrnia ycpqnpcdkng enr dl 8228%8221 raxcd`? nipdxy gan|ckj yqrrgs$qya yrnia nxa
ixdyya` dqp= kaz nipdxy akpaxckj pfa yrnia nxa hdg`+
Dzckj pd pfa nhyakia dl n Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa nk` pd pfa yfnggdz rdycpcdk dl pfa Rxdoaip
Enknjax' pfa Mas Qyaxy diiqrca` n xdga dl rxcea xayrdkychcgcps+ Pfas zaxa dlpak `cxaip
ckpaxea`cnxcay &Hayynkp , Xqyf' >331= Fdzaggy' 822
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eaehaxy dl pfa ynea dxjnkcnpcdk &pfas zaxa rnxp dl nk CP Idernks#' pfas dlpak nipa` ny nk
ckpaxlnia hapzaak pfa akpcxa @nkpa Rxd|ckia dxjnkcnpcdk nk` avpaxkng CP yqrrgcaxy+
Pfa kdpcdky dl zfnp pfa )ypnk`nx`$ nk` )iqypdeca`$ |axycdky dl pfa ysypae zaxa' nk` zfnp pfa
rqxrdyay dl )ypnk`nx`cnpcdk$ nk` )iqypdecnpcdk$ zaxa' ifnkja` d|ax pcea+ Zfcga ck pfa ldxeax
raxcd`' cergaeakpckj n YNR ed`qga ypnk`nx` |axycdk eankp .jc|ckj xayrdkychcgcps pd pfa
Draxnpcdkng yax|ciay(' ck pfa gnppax raxcd` )ypnk`nx`$ eankp n ysypae .ideckj lxde pfa rxc|npa
yaipdx(+ Hs idkpxnyp' zfcgyp ck pfa ldxeax raxcd` n )iqypdeca`$ ysypae inxxsckj pdd enks idkpxdg
xa~qcxaeakpy ny .ckldxenpcdk pfnp ]`dayU kdp fn|a nk n``a` |ngqa ldx ngg( zny idkyc`axa` pd ha
qkldxpqknpa' ck pfa gnppax raxcd` niidx`ckj pd pfa Mas Qyax |caz' )iqypdecnpcdky$ zaxa cerdxpnkp
ldx Draxnpcdkng Yax|ciay qyaxy pd ha .idklc`akp pfnp pfas inkkdp enma ecypnmay( yckia ngg rdyychga
idkpxdgy nk` hgdimckj eayynjay zaxa .idfaxakp zcpf xajqgnpdxs rxd|cycdky(+
Pnhga 0? Ifnkjay ck eankckjy dl ypnk`nx`cnpcdk nk` iqypdecnpcdk lxde pcea raxcd` pd pcea
raxcd`
ixdyy%qkcp avraxceakpnpcdk yqh%qkcp iakpaxa` aycjkYpnk`nx` AXR .jc|ckj xayrdkychcgcps pd pfa
Draxnpcdkng yax|ciay(
n ysypae .ideckj lxde pfa
rxc|npa yaipdx(Iqypdecza` AXR inxxsckj pdd enks idkpxdgy .idfaxakp zcpf xajqgnpdxs
rxd|cycdky(
Pfa ifnkjay ck pfa eankckj jc|ak pd kdpcdky gcma .iqypdecnpcdk( dx .ypnk`nx`cnpcdk( zaxa
`qa pd ifnkjay ck nipdxy xdgay nk` ck cergaeakpnpcdk enknjaeakp `a|ciay idqrga` zcpf pfa
|nxsckj yca dl pfa yqrrgs$qya yrnia+ Zfcgyp ck pfa >336%8228 raxcd` pfa Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa zny n
)fqe$ dl .idkpckqdqy xardxpckj nedkj rnxpcicrnkpy( &Mkdxx Iapckn' >333# zfaxa pfa `cypnkia
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Enknjax zcpf xayraip pd cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay `ceckcyfa`? 61 a`qinpcdkng ckypcpqpcdky nk` >8
rqhgci njakicay odcka` @nkpa Rxd|ckia ck pfa alldxp pd cergaeakp nk YNR ysypae+ Pfa .nixdyy pfa
hdnx`(ypxnpajs ldxeaxgs nrrgca` pd ckpaxkng dxjnkcnpcdkng qkcpy pd ckpxd`qia dka ed`qga nlpax
nkdpfax' zny kdz nrrgca` zcpf n gnxjax kqehax dl rqhgci ckypcpqpcdky ck pfa Xajcdk+ Pfa eankckj dl
n`drpckj n ydlpznxa rnimnja gcma YNR zny kd gdkjax lxnea` ny dka yckjga dxjnkcnpcdk$y jdng+
Xnpfax' rdgcis%enmaxy lxnea` cp zcpfck pfa xajcdkng n`eckcypxnpcdky zc`ax jdng dl .ngcjkckj n
lxnjeakpa` gnk`yinra dl rqhgci yaipdx dxjnkcnpcdky en`a qr dl gnxja dxjnkcnpcdky nk` yenggax
dkay zcpf ideedk ckpaxrxapnpcdky dl dxjnkcnpcdkng rxdia`qxay(9+
Za ckpaxrxap pfcy pcea raxcd`$y yqrrgs$qya yrnia ny n yrnia dl jakaxclcinpcdk zdxm &Rdggdim'
Zcggcney , @N``axcd' 822:#+ Niidx`ckj pd Rdggdim ap ng+y `alckcpcdk' jakaxclcinpcdk zdxm idkycypy
ck .n yap dl xa|anga` ypxnpajcay pfxdqjf zfcif yqrrgcaxy rxd`qia ydlpznxa pfnp aehd`cay
ifnxnipaxcypciy ideedk nixdyy enks qyaxy( &Rdggdim' Zcggcney , @N``axcd' 822:? 810#+ Dqx
ckpaxrxapnpcdk dl pfa yqrrgs$qya yrnia dl jakaxclcinpcdk n``y pd pfcy `alckcpcdk n ldiqy dk pfa qyaxy
nipc|a ypxnpajcay pdznx`y jakaxclcinpcdk+ Qyax ypxnpajcay idkiaxkckj ydlpznxa `a|agdreakp `d kdp
ngznsy nce np )rnxpciqgnxcnpcdk$+ Ck dqx inya' @nkpa Rxd|ckia `aicycdk%enmaxy ck pfa rdyp%8226
raxcd` ydqjfp pd )jakaxcls$ pfa ydlpznxa pd fqk`xa`y dl gding YNR n`drpaxy+
Idernxa` pd pfa rxa|cdqy raxcd`' pfa yqrrgs yrnia zny iderdya` dl n yckjga ckpaxea`cnxs &pfa
Idkydxpcqe#' pfnp cy' pfa gdiqy dl cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay+ Hqp pfa qya yrnia zny rdrqgnpa` hs n
gnxjax kqehax dl gding dxjnkcnpcdky+ Ganxkckj drrdxpqkcpcay idkiaxkckj cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay
zaxa gcecpa` ck yrnia' fdza|ax+ Zfcgyp ck pfa rxa|cdqy raxcd` YNR idkyqgpnkpy fn` hxdqjfp
avraxcakia jncka` lxde `cllaxakp Cpngcnk n`eckcypxnpcdky' ck`cxaip ckpaxnipcdk zcpf dpfax rqhgci
dxjnkcnpcdky ck pfcy raxcd` zny gcecpa` hs pfa lnip pfnp pfa Idkydxpcqe dkgs draxnpa` gdinggs+
Ck pfa ldxeax pcea raxcd` n )ypnk`nx`$ |axycdk dl pfa ysypae fn` eankp n )|axpcing ypnk`nx`$
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&Enxmqy' Ypacklcag` , Zcjnk`' 822
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eankp .jc|ckj xayrdkychcgcps pd Draxnpcdkng Yax|cia qyaxy( nk` iqypdecnpcdk idkiaxka`
.ckldxenpcdk pfnp `day kdp fn|a nk n``a` |ngqa ldx ngg(' ck pfa 8228%8221 raxcd`' hainqya dl
ifnkjckj idk`cpcdky dl nipdxy ck pfa yqrrgs$qya yrnia' pfaya kdpcdky ifnkja` xn`cinggs+ Pfa
ypnk`nx` ysypae hainea pfa ysehdg dl n ysypae .ideckj lxde pfa rxc|npa yaipdx( nk` pfa
iqypdeca` dka zny .idfaxakp zcpf xajqgnpdxs rxd|cycdky(+ Ck pfa 8221%8226 raxcd`' pfa
yqrrgs$qya yrnia qk`axzakp enodx ifnkjay &a+j+ rqhgci%yaipdx avraxp YNR idkyqgpnkpy hainea
n|ncgnhga dk pfa enxmap# nk` pfa eankckj nyycjka` ck @nkpa Rxd|ckia nk` agyazfaxa pd
ypnk`nx`cnpcdk zny .hayp rxnipcia( zfcga iqypdecnpcdk zny yskdksedqy zcpf yfnggdz lanychcgcps
ypq`cay nk` pfa nhyakia dl n ifnkja enknjaeakp ypxnpajs+ Pfa gnyp pcea%raxcd` xanyycjka` xdgay
nk` eankckjy ny ldggdzy? pfa ypnk`nx` zny pfa rdgcis%enmaxy nehcpcdk pd .ngcjk ckpaxrxapnpcdky dl
dxjnkcnpcdkng rxdia`qxay( nedkj pfa gding dxjnkcnpcdky dl `cllaxakp yaipdxy+
Za fn|a yfdzk pfa `aargs idkpavpqng xalgavc|cps hapzaak pfa |nxca` yca nk` iderdycpcdk dl
yqrrgs nk` qya yrnia nk` pfa ydicng ganxkckj gan`ckj pd cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay ck anif pcea
raxcd`+ Dqx nkngsycy fny cggqypxnpa` pfa idklcjqxnpcdkng knpqxa dl AXR cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay ny nk
dxjnkcnpcdkng lcag` pfnp ck|dg|ay nk avpak`a` kapzdxm dl rxnipcia pfnp pxn|axyay diiqrnpcdkng' pnym
nk` a|ak dxjnkcnpcdkng hdqk`nxcay pd ckigq`a pfa hxdn`ax `skneciy dl pfa yqrrgs$qya yrnia+
Dqx nkngsycy cy nk cggqypxnpcdk dl fdz pfa lxneckj dl n ysypae$y paifkcing lanpqxay ifnkja` d|ax
pcea niidx`ckj pd pfa xagnpc|a rdycpcdky dl ckpaxea`cnxs nipdxy nk` pfacx jdngy ck n idkypnkpgs
ifnkjckj nk` jxdzckj yqrrgs$qya yrnia+
Anif xarxayakpnpcdk dl paifkdgdjcing rdyychcgcpcay' nk` pfa yrnia ck zfcif cp zny lxnea`' `c` kdp
xanip dkgs pd pfa gding kapzdxm dl nipdxy ckpaxaypy+ Cp zny ngyd rxd`qia` pd n gnxjax avpakp ny nk
d|axlgdzckj `axc|ckj lxde ldxeax pcea%raxcd` xarxayakpnpcdky dl ycecgnx paifkcing lanpqxay+
Ldx avnerga' ck pfa gnyp raxcd` nkngsya`' zcpf pfa ynea nipdxy rdycpcdky nk` cergaeakpnpcdk
idk`cpcdky' cp zny pfa ifnkjckj zc`pf nk` xanif dl pfa yqrrgs$qya yrnia pfnp xayfqllga` pfa xdgay
nk` nppxchqpay dl yqrrgs nk` qya nipdxy? pfa eankckj dl n`drpckj n ydlpznxa rnimnja gcma YNR zny
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kd gdkjax lxnea` ny dka yckjga dxjnkcnpcdk$y jdng+
Ck dqx knxxnpcdk' cergaeakpnpcdk drpcdky fn|a aeaxja` ny dxjnkcnpcdkng ed|ay &Rakpgnk`'
>338# pd `cypxchqpa xayrdkychcgcpcay ldx pfa xangcnpcdk dl ydlpznxa &Rdggdim , Idxkldx`' 8220# nixdyy
nk avpak`a` kapzdxm dl rxnipcia &Hxdzk , @qjqc`' 8222#+
Ck enks icxiqeypnkiay' dqx ypdxs cggqypxnpay pfnp pfaya )ed|ay$ `d kdp xa|ang n|ncgnhga
paifkdgdjcing ifdciay nk` nkngsa pfa ldxiay `apaxeckckj zfcif `aycjky nxa a|akpqnggs n`drpa` ck
paxey dl .idklgcipy( &yaa a+j+ Yidpp , Znjkax' 8229= Znjkax , Kazagg' 8220#+ Za fn|a ldqk`
a|c`akia pfnp pfa ycpqnpcdk cy dlpak ifnxnipaxca` hs nk nrrnxakp nhyakia dl ifdcia ny n )hgnea%
yfclpckj$
psra dl dxjnkcnpcdkng ed|a ldqk` ck pfa nin`aeci gcpaxnpqxa ny)`alaxxng dl `aicycdky
$
&Rdggdim , Idxkldx`' 8220#+
Ldx avnerga' cp zny `qa pd pfa nhyakia dl n Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa nk` pfa yfnggdz rdycpcdk dl pfa
rxdoaip enknjax pfnp mas qyaxy ck pfa 8228%8221 raxcd` ypnxpa` pd raxldxe pfa xdga dl `cxaip
ckpaxea`cnxcay zcpf pfa CP rxd|c`axy ckixanyckj pfa nedqkp dl yaipdx%yraiclci iqypdecnpcdky+
Zcpf xayraip pd cyyqay idkiaxkckj pfa paerdxng lxneckj dl cergaeakpnpcdk ypq`cay &Zcggcney'
>33:# za fn|a ngyd ldqk` a|c`akia pfnp pfa zns ck zfcif ganxkckj rnxpcicrnkpy enma yakya dl
cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay inkkdp ha qk`axypdd` hs ypnxpckj lxde pfa |caz dl n yckjga &dx ed`qgnx#
dxjnkcnpcdkng cergaeakpnpcdk rxdoaip+
Ny kdpa` hs Zahypax , Zcggcney &>339# dk n inya ck zfcif n yaidk` cergaeakpnpcdk dl INRE
yqiiaa`a` &nlpax pfa lcxyp )lncga`$#' nc`a` hs rxnipciay hqp ck rgnia ck pfa idqxya dl pfa dxcjckng
cergaeakpnpcdk' nrrxdrxcnpcdk dl YNR ck @nkpa Rxd|ckia fny `arak`a` pd n gnxjax avpakp qrdk
mkdzga`ja jnpfaxa` lxde rxa|cdqy dxjnkcnpcdkng cergaeakpnpcdk rxdoaipy+
Nk avnerga dl cp cy pfa oq`jaeakp @nkpa Rxd|ckia AXR rxdoaip iddx`cknpdx ck pfa gnyp pcea
raxcd` en`a nhdqp pfa rdpakpcng `xnzhnimy dl fcxckj pfa Idkydxpcqe+ Yfa ync` cp zny n xapqxk pd
pfa ynea rxdhgaey avraxcakia` ck pfa 8228%8221 zcpf pfa ck%fdqya CP idernks nk` pfa nin`aeci
idkyqgpnkpy +
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Lcj+ 6 @nkpa Rxd|ckia AXR cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay? n yskdrpci |caz
Pfxdqjf dqx eqgpc%ga|ag nk` rxdiayyqng nkngsycy za fcjfgcjfpa` pfnp nipdxy ck pfa yqrrgs$qya
yrnia idkyicdqygs xaydxp dk yrnia &xagnpcdyfcr hqcg`ckj nk` akxdgeakp dl kaz nipdxy# nk` pcea
&`alaxxng dl `aicycdk' ganxkckj lxde pfa rnyp# ny xaydqxia ldx lxneckj cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay+
Ckypan` dl nifca|ckj n fcjfax `ajxaa dl idkldxecps pd pfa yqxxdqk`ckj ckypcpqpcdkng
ak|cxdkeakp' ifnkjay ck pfa dxjnkcnpcdkng lcag` dl cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay nxa `xc|ak hs nipdxy
yanxif ldx kaz yrniay dl nqpdkdes+
Ny nk avnerga' zfak ck pfa lcxyp pcea raxcd`' AXR cergaeakpnpcdk zny avraxceakpa` hs pfa
Ypaaxckj Ideecppaa ny n ixdyy%lqkipcdkng ypnk`nx`cnpcdk' ck pfa yqhya~qakp raxcd`' yqh%qkcpy nk`
pfacx xarxayakpnpc|ay &Mas Qyaxy# rxdlcpa` lxde ifnkjay ck nipdxy xdgay &pfa nhyakia dl Ypaaxckj
Ideecppaa' pfa ed|a dl pfa rxdoaip enknjax zcpfck pfa iakpxng Niidqkpckj @arnxpeakp# pd iakpax
pfa AXR `aycjk nxdqk` pfacx enks `aenk`y ldx rdgcis+
Idyicdqy ny yfa zny dl fn|ckj gdyp iakpxngcps ck AXR cergaeakpnpcdk ifdciay' pfa Rxdoaip
Enknjax d|axlgdza` pfa lxnea cerdya` hs Mas Qyaxy ny yqh%qkcp iakpaxa` `aycjk hs zc`akckj pfa
yqrrgs$qya yrnia+ Hs fcxckj YNR Idkyqgpnkpy zdxmckj ldx dpfax kacjfhdqx rqhgci n`eckcypxnpcdky
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Hxn`s' P+' Pcaxkas' E+' nk` Zcggcney' X+ &>338#+ Pfa Ideed`clcinpcdk dl Ck`qypxs%nrrgcinpcdkYdlpznxa+ Ck`qypxcng nk` Idxrdxnpa Ifnkja' >&9#' 063%1>0+
Hxafe' G+' Fackg' N+' Enxmqy' E+' G+ &822>#+ Pncgdxckj AXR Ysypaey? N Yraipxqe dl Ifdciay nk`pfacx Cergcinpcdky+ 90pf Nkkqng Fnzncc Ckpaxknpcdkng Idklaxakia dl Ysypae Yicakiay &FCIYY%90#' 6'62>:+
Hxdzk' O+' Y+' , @qjqc` R+ &822>#+ Mkdzga`ja nk` dxjnkcnpcdk? N ydicng%rxnipcia raxyraipc|a+
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Dxjnkcnpcdk Yicakia' >8&8#' >36%8>9+Hxdzk' F+Y+' \axjxnjp R+' Jxaak M+ nk` Haxifciic G+ &8229#+ Ganxkckj ldx yqypncknhcgcps pxnkycpcdk
pfxdqjf hdqk`a` ydicd%paifkcing avraxceakpy ck raxydkng edhcgcps+ Paifkdgdjs Nkngsycy ,
Ypxnpajci Enknjaeakp' >1&9#' 83>!9>1+Hxqajjax Q+ nk` Mkdxx%Iapckn M+ &8228# Jgdhng ecixdypxqipqxay? pfa |cxpqng ydicapcay dl lcknkicng
enxmapy+Neaxcink Odqxkng dl Ydicdgdjs' >2: &0#' 321%312+Inggdk' E+ &>336#+ Nk ayyns dk lxneckj nk` d|axlgdzckj? aidkdeci avpaxkngcpcay xa|cycpa` hs
ydicdgdjs+ Inggdk' E &A`#' Pfa Gnzy dl Enxmap &800%8333#+ Pfa Xdga dl Yrniay nk` Diinycdky ck pfa Pxnkyldxenpcdk dl
Ckldxenpcdk Paifkdgdjcay? Gayydky lxde pfa Ydicng Yfnrckj dl CP Ysypaey ldx Enkqlnipqxckjck n @nkcyf Idkpavp+ Paifkdgdjs Nkngsycy nk` Ypxnpajci Enknjaeakp' >>&9#' 0#+ Idkpxdg nk` Iddx`cknpcdk ck Jgdhng AXR Idklcjqxnpcdk+Hqyckayy Rxdiayy Enknjaeakp Odqxkng' :&9#' 821%>1+
Inxkcnzymn' H+ &>336#+N knxxnpc|a nrrxdnif pd dxjnkcnpcdk ypq`cay + Gdk`dk? Ynja+@n|akrdxp' P+ &>336#+ Rqppckj pfa Akpaxrxcya ckpd pfa Akpaxrxcya Ysypae+ Fnx|nx` Hqyckayy Xa|caz'
:8>%98+@c Enjjcd' R+ &822>#+ Ckpxd`qipcdk? Enmckj Yakya dl pfa Idkpaerdxnxs Lcxe nk` Rxalcjqxckj Cpy
Lqpqxa+ @c Enjjcd' R+' &A`y#' Pfa 8>yp Iakpqxs Lcxe &9%92#+ Rxckiapdk' K+O+? RxckiapdkQkc|axycps Rxayy+
Lckifne' X+' Lgaim' O+' Rxdipax' X+' Yinxhxdqjf' F+' Pcaxkas' E+' Zcggcney' X+ &>330#+ Avraxpcya nk`Ckkd|npcdk+ Dvldx`'? Ignxak`dk Rxayy+
Lgaim' O+' Zahypax' O+' Zcggcney' X+ &>332#+ @skneciy dl Ckldxenpcdk Paifkdgdjs Cergaeakpnpcdk?n Xanyyayyeakp dl rnxn`cjey nk` pxnoaipdxcy dl `a|agdreakp+ Lqpqxay' Oqgs%Nqjqyp+
Lgaim' O+ &>366#+ Ckkdlqycdk dx `cllqynpcdk4 Pfa knpqxa dl paifkdgdjcing `a|agdreakp ck xdhdpciy+A`ckhqxjf RCIP Zdxmckj Rnrax Kd+ :' A`ckhqxjf Qkc|axycps+
Lgcjypack' K+ &>332#+ Pfa Pxnkyldxenpcdk dl Idxrdxnpa Idkpxdg+ Inehxc`ja' Enyy+? Fnx|nx`Qkc|axycps Rxayy+
Jc``aky' N+ &>332# Pfa idkya~qakiay dl ed`axkcps+ Inehxc`ja Qkc|axycps Rxayy' Inehxc`ja+
Jxnkd|appax' E+ &>361#+ Aidkdeci nipcdk nk` ydicng ypxqipqxa? Pfa rxdhgae dl aeha``a`kayy+Neaxcink Odqxkng dl Ydicdgdjs' 3>&9#' 06>%1>2+Jqhxcqe' O+' L+' Fdgypack' O+' N+ &8229#+ Rdyped`axk Ckpax|cazckj+ Pfdqynk` Dmy' IN? Ynja+Jqhxcqe' O+' L+ &>366#+Nkngsckj lcag` xangcps+ Pfdqynk` Dnmy' IN? Ynja+Jqpaxydk O+ &>33:# Ypq`sckj Qr Xa|cycpa`+ Rdgcpcing nk` Gajng Nkpfxdrdgdjs Xa|caz &RdGNX#' 8>'
>>0%3+Fnxxcay%Odkay' Rapax &>331#+ N Xaiqxyc|a \cycdk? Aidgdjcing Qk`axypnk`ckj nk` Jxajdxs Hnpaydk+
Pdxdkpd? Qkc|axycps dl Pdxdkpd Rxayy+Fnxxcy' Y+ &>336#+ Gdkj%@cypnkia Idxrdxnpcdky' Hcj Yicakiay' nk` pfa Jadjxnrfs dl Mkdzga`ja+
Idklcjqxnpcdky' 363# Pfa idk`cpcdk dl rdyped`axkcps+ Hgnimzagg' Dvldx`+Fnyq' E+ &822>#+ Ixcpcing Pxnkycpcdk lxde @a|agdraxy pd Qyaxy + Nin`aeci @cyyaxpnpcdk+ Fagyckmc?
Qkc|axycps dl Fagyckmc' @arnxpeakp dl A`qinpcdk+
Fcygdr @+ &8228#+ Pfa igcakp xdga ck idkyqgpnkis xagnpcdky `qxckj pfa nrrxdrxcnpcdk dlpaifkdgdjcing ckkd|npcdky+ Xayanxif Rdgcis' 9> &1#' 1!:86+Fssyngd' Y &82222+
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Onajax' H' Ygnim X+ nk` Zcggcney X+ &8222#+ Aqxdra avraxceakpy zcpf eqgpcea`cn? nk d|ax|caz dl
ydicng avraxceakpy nk` pxcngy+ Pfa Ckldxenpcdk Ydicaps' >::%820+
Mnggckcmdy' O+ &8220n# )@aidkypxqipckj Ckldxenpcdk Rnimnjay? Dxjnkcnpcdkng nk` Hafn|cdqxng
Cergcinpcdky dl AXR Ysypaey$' Ckldxenpcdk Paifkdgdjs nk` Radrga' >:&>#' 6!92+Mkdxx%Iapckn' M+ &>333#+ Arcypaeci Iqgpqxay? Fdz pfa Yicakiay Enma Mkdzga`ja+ Fnx|nx`? Fnx|nx`
Qkc|axycps Rxayy+Mqenx' M+' Enfayfznxc' Q+ nk` Mqenx' Q+ &8229#+ Nk Ck|aypcjnpcdk dl Ixcpcing Enknjaeakp
Cyyqay ck AXR Cergaeakpnpcdk? Aercxcing A|c`akia lxde Inkn`cnk Dxjnkcnpcdky+ Paifkd|npcdk' 89? :39%62:+
Gnpdqx' H+ &>338# Zfaxa nxa pfa ecyyckj enyyay4 Pfa ydicdgdjs dl n laz eqk`nka nxpclnipy+ CkHcomax' Z+' Gnz' O+ &a`y+# Yfnrckj paifkdgdjs$hqcg`ckj ydicaps? ypq`cay ck ydicd%paifkcing ifnkja'&881%8331#+ Nkkcfcgnpckj yrnia4? pfa yraa`%qr dl ideeqkinpcdky+ Ck O+ Nggak nk`I+Fnekapp &a`y+#+ N yfxckmckj zdxg`4 Jgdhng qka|akayy nk` cka~qngcps &>>%10#+ Drak Qkc|axycpsRxayy$Dvldx` Qkc|axycps Rxayy' Dvldx`+
Gcnkj' F+' Vqa' S+' Hdqgpdk' Z+ nk` Hsx`' P+ &8220#+ Zfs Zaypaxk |ak`dxy @dk $p @decknpaIfckn$y AXR Enxmap? Avneckckj Inyay dl Lncga` AXR Ysypae Cergaeakpnpcdk ck Ifckn nk`Avrgnckckj pfa Qkc~qa Icxiqeypnkiay+ Ideeqkcinpcdk dl pfa NIE' 0:&:#'&8#' 89!08+
Enhaxp' \+' Ydk' N+' \akmnpnxnenknk' E+N+ &8229#+ Akpaxrxcya Xaydqxia Rgnkkckj? Enknjckj pfacergaeakpnpcdk rxdiayy+ Aqxdrank Odqxkng dl Draxnpcdkng Xayanxif' >0#+ Akpaxrxcya Xaydqxia Rgnkkckj? Ideedk Espfy\axyqy A|dg|ckj Xangcps+ Hqyckayy Fdxcdky' Ens%Oqka' 33># N jgdhng yakya dl rgnia+Enxvcye Pd`ns' Oqka' 80%3+Ecynm' I+ &8220#+ Pfa Inehxc`ja Idernkcdk pd Racxia+ Inehxc`ja? Inehxc`ja Qkc|axycps Rxayy+Edgckn' N+ &>331#+ Ydicdpaifkcing idkypcpqakicay ny rxdiayyay dl ngcjkeakp? pfa xcya dl n gnxja%
yinga Aqxdrank ckldxenpcdk paifkdgdjs ckcpcnpc|a+ Paifkdgdjs ck Ydicaps' >:&0#' 961%0>8+Edgckn' N+ &>363n#' Pfa Ydicng Hnycy dl pfa Ecixdagaipxdkciy Xa|dgqpcdk+ A`cehqxjf Qkc|axycps Rxayy'
A`ckhqxjf+Eqx`dif' O+ &>336#+ Pfa Yrniay dl Nipdx%Kapzdxm Pfadxs+ Jadldxqe' 83&0#' 91:%9:0+
Kazenk E+ nk` Zaypxqr I+ &8221#+ Enmckj AXRy zdxm? niidqkpnkpy nk` pfa ckpxd`qipcdk dlAXR ysypaey+ Aqxdrank Odqxkng dl Ckldxenpcdk Ysypaey' >0 &9#' 816%8:8
Kcidgckc' @+ &822
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Rnkpagc' K+ &8220#+ @cyidqxyc|a nxpciqgnpcdky dl rxayakia ck |cxpqng dxjnkcckj+ Ckldxenpcdk nk`Dxjnkcnpcdk' >0' 13%6>+
Rakpgnk`' H+ &>338#+ Dxjnkcckj Ed|ay ck Ydlpznxa Yqrrdxp Fdp Gckay+ N`eckcypxnpc|a Yicakia^qnxpaxgs' 9:' &0#' 18:%06+
Rdggdim' K+' Zcggcney' X+' @N``axcd' G+' Jxcee' I+ &8223#+ Rdyp gding ldxey dl xarncx? Pfa
&avpak`a`# ycpqnpcdk dl |cxpqngcya` paifkcing yqrrdxp+ Ckldxenpcdk nk` Dxjnkcnpcdk' >3? 819%8:%18+
Rdxpaggc' N+ &8220#+ Dxng fcypdxs ny jakxa' ck Ifnehaxgnck' E+' Pfderdyk' R+ &A`y#+ Knxxnpc|a nk`Jakxa? Idkpavpy nk` pfsray dl Ideeqkcinpcdk+ Pxnkynipcdk Rqhgcyfaxy+
^qnppxdka R+ nk` Fdrrax P+ &8228%812
Xcayyenk' I+ M+ &>339#+ Knxxnpc|a nkngsycy+ Gdk`dk? Ynja+Xcifedk`' Z+H+' Kagydk' R+' nk` Ecyxn' Y+ &82233>#+ Ideckj pd paxey zcpf pfa lcag`? qk`axypnk`ckj nk` `dckj dxjnkcnpcdkng
apfkdjxnrfs+Odqxkng dl Enknjaeakp Ypq`cay' 86&>#' > % 80+Xqynz' N+' I+' &822:#+ Ifnkjckj Rqhgci Dxjnkcnpcdky? Ldqx Nrrxdnifay+ Ckpaxknpcdkng Odqxkng dl
Rqhgci N`eckcypxnpcdk' 92&9#' 90:%9+Xqyyagg' Y+ nk` Zcggcney X+ &8228#+ Idkiarpy' yrniay nk` pddgy ldx nipcdk4 Avrgdxckj pfa rdgcis
rdpakpcng dl pfa ydicng yfnrckj raxyraipc|a+ Ck M+ Yxakyak nk` X+ Zcggcney &a`y+#+ Yfnrckj
Paifkdgdjs' Jqc`ckj Rdgcis? Idkiarpy' Yrniay nk` Pddgy &>99!>10#+Xqyyagg' Y+ nk` Zcggcney' X+ &>366#+ Drakckj pfa hgnim%hdv nk` igdyckj cp hafck` sdq? dk ecixd%
ydicdgdjs ck pfa ydicng nkngsycy dl paifkdgdjs+ A`ckhqxjf RCIP Zdxmckj Rnrax Kd+ 9' A`ckhqxjfQkc|axycps+
Ynfns' Y+ &>336#+ Cergaeakpckj JCY paifkdgdjs ck Ck`cn? ydea cyyqay dl pcea nk` yrnia+
Niidqkpckj' Enknjaeakp nk` Ckldxenpcdk Paifkdgdjs' 6' >0:%>63+Ynzsax Y+&8222#+ Rnimnja` ydlpznxa? cergcinpcdky dl pfa `cllaxakiay lxde iqypde nrrxdnifay pd
ydlpznxa `a|agdreakp+ Aqxdrank Odqxkng dl Ckldxenpcdk Ysypaey' 3 &>#' 0:%16+Yifk' @+' N+' &>369#+ Pfa xalgaipc|a rxnipcpcdkax % fdz rxdlayycdkngy pfckm ck nipcdk+ Hnyci Hddmy' >369+Yidpp' Y+ \+' Znjkax' A+' G+ &8229#+ Kapzdxmy' kajdpcnpcdky nk` kaz pceay? pfa cergaeakpnpcdk dl
akpaxrxcya xaydqxia rgnkkckj ckpd nk nin`aeci n`eckcypxnpcdk+ Ckldxenpcdk nk` Dxjnkcnpcdk'>9? 861%9>9+
Ydf' I+' Mcak' Y+Y+ nk` Pns%Snr' O+ &8222#+ Iqgpqxng Lcpy nk` Ecylcpy? Cy AXR n Qkc|axyng Ydgqpcdk4'Ideeqkcinpcdky dl pfa NIE' 09&0#' 0:%1>+
Ydeaxy' P+ nk` Kagydk' M+ &8220#+ N Pnvdkdes dl Rgnsaxy nk` Nipc|cpcay Nixdyy pfa AXR RxdoaipGcla Isiga+ Ckldxenpcdk nk` Enknjaeakp' 0>? 81:%:6+
Yxakyak' M+F+' nk` Zcggcney' X+' &a`y+# &8228#+ Yfnrckj Paifkdgdjs' Jqc`ckj Rdgcis? Idkiarpy'Yrniay' nk` Pddgy+ Ifagpakfne' QM nk` Kdxpffnerpdk' EN &QYN#? A`znx` Agjnx+
Yrxdpp' @+ &8222#+ Akpaxrxcya Xaydqxia Rgnkkckj? Iderdkakpcckj pfa Akpaxrxcya Nrrgcinpcdk
Rnimnjay Pdedxxdz$y Iqypdeaxy Zcgg @aenk` pfa Nhcgcps pd Hqs' Xaqyae nk` Hqcg` pfacxIderapcpc|a%a`ja Ydgqpcdky? Ink pfa Rnimnja \ak`dxy N`nrp ck Pcea4 Ideeqkcinpcdky dl pfaNIE' 09&0#' 8&9#' 831%981+
Ypaznxp' O nk` X Zcggcney &8221#+ Pfa zxdkj pxdqyaxy4 Hasdk` pfa `aycjk lnggnis? ydicng ganxkckj
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nk` pfa qyax+ Ck F+ Xdfxnifax &a`+#' Qyax Ck|dg|aeakp ck Ckkd|npcdk Rxdiayyay+ Ypxnpajcay nk`
Gcecpnpcdky lxde n Ydicd%Paifkcing Raxyraipc|a' &93!:>#+ Eqkcif? Rxdlcg%\axgnj+Ypxnqyy' N+G+ nk` Idxhck' O+ &>336# Hnyciy dl ^qngcpnpc|a Xayanxif? Paifkc~qay nk` rxdia`qxay ldx
`a|agdrckj Jxdqk`a` Pfadxs+ Pfdqynk` Dnmy' IN? Ynja+Pydqmny' F+ &>338#+ Znsy dl yaackj? Pdrdjxnrfci nk` Kapzdxm Xarxayakpnpcdky ck Dxjnkcnpcdk
Pfadxs+ Ysypaey Rxnipcia' 1&0#' 00>%019&0#' 921%986+
Zngyfne' J+ &>339#+ Ckpaxrxapckj ckldxenpcdk ysypaey ck dxjnkcnpcdky+ Ifcifaypax' QM? Zcgas+Zahypax' O+ nk` Zcggcney' X+ &>339#+ Ecyenpif nk` Pakycdk? Ypnk`nx` Rnimnjay nk` Kdk%
ypnk`nx` Qyaxy+ Ck R+ ^qckpny &a`+# Ydicng @ceakycdky dl Ysypaey Akjckaaxckj' FaeagFaerypan`? Aggcy Fdxzdd`+
Zac' F+' Gc' I+' Znkj' A+' Gc' I+' Oq' R+ &8221#+ Qk`axypnk`ckj Ecyngcjkeakp nk` Inyin`ckjIfnkja dl AXR Cergaeakpnpcdk? N Ypnja \caz dl Rxdiayy Nkngsycy+ Aqxdrank Odqxkng dl
Ckldxenpcdk Ysypaey' >0&0#' 980%90+Zcggcney' X' Ygnim X+ nk` Ypaznxp O+ &8221#+ Ydicng Ganxkckj ck Paifkdgdjcing Ckkd|npcdk .Avraxceakpckj zcpf Ckldxenpcdk nk` Ideeqkcinpcdk Paifkdgdjcay+ Ifagpakfne? A`jnx AgjnxRqhgcyfckj+
Zcggcney' X+ &>33:#+ Qkc|axyng Ydgqpcdky dx Gding Idkpckjakicay4 Pakycdky nk` Idkpxn`cipcdky ckpfa Eqpqng Yfnrckj dl Paifkdgdjs nk` Zdxm Dxjnkcynpcdk+ Ck C+ EiGdqjfgck' nk` @+ Enydk&a`y# Ckkd|npcdk' Dxjnkcnpcdkng Ifnkja nk` Paifkdgdjs' Gdk`dk? Ckpaxknpcdkng PfderydkHqyckayy Rxayy+
Zcggcney' X+ , A`ja' @+ &>330' >%8
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