Paola Neira N.
Philology Study of languages
Describes a common
acestor
PROTO Original form
Source of modern languages
Indian Sub-continent
(INDO)
Europe(EUROPEAN)
PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN
COGNATES
Connection between different languages
Common ancestor in the Proto-Indo-European
Close similarities In languages.
Words with similar form and meaning in different languages
English
German
Mother – father - friend
Mutter – vater - freund
Comparative Reconstruction
To reconstruct the proto-form in the common ancestral
language
Principles
Mayority Most natural development
Retains the original sound
Minority changesthrough time
Sound changes
Are common
OLD ENGLISH
Early form of the English languages(angles, saxons and jutes tribes)
Anglo- saxons(PAGAN)
CHRISTIANITY Religion(LATIN)
Vikings
Old norse
Middle English
Norman French arrivedin England
The rulingclass
English French
Lower class’language
Official language of England
Spoken since the Great Vowel ShiftQuality of vowel sounds Modern English
Sounds Changes
Quality of vowel sounds
Metathesis Epenthesis Prothesis
Reversal en positionof two adjoining
sounds
Addition of a soundto the middle of
a word
Addition of a sound to the beggining of
a word
SyntacticchangeDifferences between
the structureof sentences
Loss of alarge number of
inflectionalaffixes
OldEnglish
Middle English
Wordorder
V-S-O S-V-O
Lexical Changes
Broadening Narrowing
Dog (all breeds)
Docga (particular breed)
Hund (any kind of dog)
Hound (specific breeds)
Process of changeChanges caused
by wars, invasions,and others.
Process of cultural
transmition
Types of variation
Diachronically Synchronically
Historical perspective of
change throughtime
Study of alanguage at a
given pointin time
Top Related