Panama Canal: Then and Now
Nazeema Baboolall
Brad Neumyer
History
1534
19th Century
1819
1904-1914
Cost and Limits$370 million
$40 million
$10 million
965 ft.
106 ft.
39.5 ft.
190 ft.
US Control
Roosevelt Instrumental
From 42,000 to 88,000 “Zonians”
Racism in the Panama Canal Zone
1971 U.S. Revenue, $114,421,519
1985-1995
$460 million of revenues in 1995
Treaties
Spooner Act of 1902
Hay-Herran Treaty of 1903
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, also in 1903
The Carter-Torrijos Treaties of 1977
Transition & DynamicsThe Panama Canal
Treaty of 1979
Withdrawal
Neutrality
Intervention
Pros & Cons$10 million annually,
adjusted
Percentage of annual tolls
Profit driven incentive
Panama uses U.S. currency
Environmental Effects
Deforestation
Lower rainfall rates
Loss of freshwater
Loss of vegetation
cover
Future of the Canal
Expansion$5.2 billion proposed
PossibilitiesHydroelectric conversion
Panamanian Control
$569.7 million
$6,500
9,278 employees
Fun Page!
Famous people born in the Panama Canal Zone include John McCain and Rod Carew
Each door of the locks weighs 750 tons
Most expensive toll: $226,194.25 for a cruise ship in 2003
Least expensive toll: $.36, for author/swimmer Richard Halliburton
Fastest trip through the canal: 2 hours 41 minutes
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