The Heart Muscular pump, about the size of a clenched fist Made
up of a special muscle called Myocardium This can contract
continuously without getting tired Main purpose is to drive blood
through the arteries This delivers blood to the working muscles and
other tissues.
Slide 3
Task
Slide 4
The Heart continued The Heart sits in a twin layered sac known
as the Pericardium Filled with pericardial fluid Prevents friction
as your heart beats.
Slide 5
The Heart continued
Slide 6
Atria/ Atrium Upper chambers of the heart Receive blood. Right
Atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body (Via the Vena
Cava) Left Atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs (Via the
pulmonary Vein) Ventricles Lower chambers of the heart They have
thicker walls and are stronger Job is to pump the blood Right
Ventricle pumps blood to the lungs (pulmonary circulation) Left
ventricle pumps blood to the body (systemic circulation)
Slide 7
Valves Tricuspid Valve Bicuspid Valve Also known as the mitral
valve Aortic Valve Pulmonary Valve All valves make sure that the
blood flows in one direction, and there is no back flow Chordae
Tendineae Cord like tendons that connect to the tricuspid and
bicuspid valves Ensure the valves stay the right way round and keep
the blood flowing in the same direction.
Slide 8
Aorta and Vena Cava The largest Artery is the Aorta Carries
oxygenated blood directly out of the heart to the body tissues
Superior vena cava brings blood from the upper body Inferior Vena
Cava Brings blood from the lower body. The largest vein is the Vena
Cava Carries blood directly into the heart from the body
Slide 9
Pulmonary Circulation Pulmonary Artery Carries deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungs. It is the only artery that
carries deoxygenated blood Pulmonary Vein Carries oxygenated blood
from the lungs to the heart It is the only vein that carries
oxygenated blood.
Slide 10
The Heart = Double pump To describe the flow of blood around
the heart and the body, you will need to mention that the heart is
made up of two pumps Pulmonary circulation Pumps blood to and from
the lungs Systemic circulation Pumps blood around the body
Slide 11
Passage of blood flow Blood flows into and out of the heart and
around the body in one direction. The heart is split into two
distinct pumps by the Septum. This makes sure that the oxygenated
and deoxygenated blood dont mix. When describing the passage of
blood flow around the heart, it is best to use a diagram and start
on the right side of the heart.
Slide 12
The right ventricle contracts and the blood is pushed out of
the heart through the semi lunar or pulmonary valve and into the
pulmonary artery The pulmonary artery carries the blood to the
lungs The heart relaxes and the valves close to stop back flow of
the blood In the lungs, the blood becomes oxygenated, and begins
its journey back to the heart. Blood enters the heart (when it is
relaxed) via the vena cavae, It goes into the right atrium The
right atrium contracts and the blood goes through the tricuspid
valve and into the right ventricle
Slide 13
The heart is relaxed, and this allows blood to enter the left
side of the heart from the pulmonary vein It enters the left atrium
The left atrium contracts and pushes blood through the bicuspid
valve and into the left ventricle The left ventricle has a very
strong muscular wall and contracts very strongly. This closes the
bicuspid valve to prevent backflow, and pushes the blood through
the aortic valve and into the aorta. This is the largest artery and
splits taking the blood to different areas of the body The heart
contracts and the aortic valve closes, preventing back flow of the
blood.
Slide 14
Terminology Heart rate (H.R.) The amount of times the heart
beats in a minute. Usually measured in beats per minute (b.p.m.)
Stroke Volume (S.V.) The amount of blood leaving the left ventricle
in one beat. Normally measure in mililitres Cardiac Output The
amount of blood leaving the heart in one minute Normally measured
in litres/minute Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
Slide 15
Slide 16
The Blood Vessels Introduction We have a variety of different
vessels within the cardiovascular system to deliver and remove
nutrients and waste products. Blood in the arteries is bright red,
as it is carrying oxygen. It drops off the oxygen and picks up
carbon dioxide as it moves through the capillaries. By the time it
reaches the veins and venules it is a much darker blue/red
colour.
Slide 17
5 main blood vessels Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules
Veins Carry blood away from the heart Where gas exchange takes
place Carry blood back to the heart
Slide 18
Arteries & Arterioles Arteries are large blood vessels,
that carry blood away from the heart. Carry Oxygenated blood Apart
from the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood to the
lungs to get Oxygen
Slide 19
Arteries & Arterioles Small round lumen Operate under high
pressure Arteries dont contain valves, as the blood is moving
quickly under high pressure, so there is no chance of backflow.
Aorta Main artery leaving the heart It soon splits into smaller
vessels Arterioles Arterioles deliver the blood to the
capillaries
Slide 20
Capillaries Very thin walls Allows oxygen and other nutrients
to diffuse through the cell walls. Blood flows very slowly through
the capillaries so that this can happen Effectively in the
capillaries, the blood unloads the Oxygen and picks up carbon
dioxide and lactic acid (the waste products of metabolism) Smallest
blood vessels Found in all cells of the body Just one cell
thick
Slide 21
Veins & Venules
Slide 22
Carry blood back to the heart Generally working against gravity
Particularly blood that is going back to the heart from the legs or
arms, as it is below the heart. Valves To prevent the blood from
flowing back once the smooth muscle relaxes. Prevents pooling,
particularly in the legs Deoxygenated blood Apart from pulmonary
vein which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the
heart.
Slide 23
Slide 24
Task You are going to outline the function and characteristics
of each of the 5 types of Blood Vessels that serve the circulatory
system Including: -Physical characteristics that classify each
blood vessel. -What their function is within the CIRCULATORY
system? -What do they transport? Followed by a description/
explanation of the composition of BLOOD
Slide 25
Blood It is the medium in which all the cells are carried to
transport nutrients and Oxygen (O2) to the cells of the body. It
carries: Oxygen, Glucose, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Hormones,
Enzymes, Platelets, Carbon Dioxide and Electrolytes. - Oxygen,
Glucose, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Hormones, Enzymes, Platelets,
Carbon Dioxide and Electrolytes. Made up of 4 components: -Red
blood cells -White blood cells -Platelets -Plasma Plasma Plasma:
straw coloured liquid that all solids are carried within.
Slide 26
Red blood cells make up 99% of the population of the blood
cells in the body They are RED in colour due to the presence of a
protein called HAEMOGLOBIN and absolutely loves Oxygen (massive
attraction!)
Slide 27
They are colourless and transparent and fewer in number to red
blood cells (1:700) They destroy bacteria and other dangerous
organisms thus fighting potential infection.
Slide 28
They become sticky when in contact with air to form the initial
stage of repair to the damaged tissue They act by stopping blood
loss through clotting Yet platelets need a substance called
x-Factor 8 to enable them to become active and do their
job/clot.
Slide 29
Describe the Structure and Function of the cardiovascular
system Examine the cardiovascular system and explain how it works
and how each part of the system is designed to meet its function
Structure of the cardiovascular system (which you have to find
pictures/ label and describe): Heart: Atria, Ventricles, Bicuspid
valve, Tricuspid valve, Aortic valve, Pulmonary valve, Aorta, Vena
cava (superior and inferior), Pulmonary vein, Pulmonary artery
Blood vessels: Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Veins, Venuoles
Function of the cardiovascular system: 1.Delivery of oxygen and
nutrients 2.Removal of waste products 3.Thermoregulation
(vasodilation and vasoconstriction of vessels); 4.Function of blood
(oxygen transport, clotting, fighting infection)