Emergency Services Division
Paramedic Hazard Awareness to
Agricultural Incidents
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Nothing Happens “Until”
Something Happens
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Public Services Health & Safety
Association
Provide services
and programs
that promote
wellness and
prevent injuries
and illness in the
workplace
Mission
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How to Protect the Worker
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Emergency Services ProgramsWeb site: www.pshsa.ca
• Agricultural Machinery Rescue (1993)
• Confined Space Rescue
• Hydrocarbon Suppression
• Carbon Monoxide Awareness
• Silo Firefighting Awareness
• Trench Rescue
• High Angle Rescue
• Fire, EMS & Police Sector Specific (WSIB Part II Cert.)
• EMS Hazard Awareness (2009)
• Emergency Traffic Protection
• Electrical Safety for First Responders
• Clandestine Lab & Grow Op Awareness
• Structural Collapse (2008)
Emergency Services Division
PSHSA
Emergency Services Division
“Philosophy”
HOW – WHY - CONSEQUENSES
=
“LOGIC”
LOGIC provides “UNDERSTANDING”
“NOT JUST ANSWERS”
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Pre-Plan
1. As a Paramedic are you prepared for the Agricultural Incident?
2. Are you aware of the Hazards?
3. What type of Injuries will we be faced with?
4. What Resources are required for a successful Agricultural Incident?
“FAIL TO PLAN – PLAN TO FAIL”
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Equipment has changed - Have we?
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FACTS
50 % of
Deaths on Farms are related to Tractor
Incidents
“ITS TIME WE CHANGE STATISTICS”
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ROPS at Work
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Over Bridge Incident - ROPS
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Small tractor ROPS
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No ROPS
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Home Owners
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Off Road Loss of Control
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On Road Incidents
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Power Take-off (PTO) Incidents
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Bailer Incidents
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Harvester Incidents
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UNUSUAL SITUATIONS
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WHAT IS THE PUPOSE
OF A SILO
???
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PROCESSING VESSEL
The ensiling process transforms
the crops by various means into a
high quality feed for livestock
Processed crops become almost
twice as valuable as compared to
dried crops
Processed crops hold the nutrition
value longer
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Confined Spaces “KILL”
Basics of Staying
Alive in a Confined
Space
• Recognition
• Assessment
• Control
• Rescue procedures
2 B.C. Paramedics –
Kim Weitzel &
Shawn Currier, Die
in water monitoring
shed at Teck
Cominco’s Sullivan
Mine, May 17, 2006
Emergency Services Division
Definition of a Confined Space(September 2005)
A fully or partially enclosed space
Is not both designed and constructed for
continuous human occupancy, and
In which atmospheric hazards may occur because
of its construction, location or contents or
because or work that is done in it
Gen. Reg. 632/05
Emergency Services Division
HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL
PRODUCER
Carbon Dioxide CO2
Carbon Monoxide CO
Nitrogen Dioxide NO2
Nitric Oxide NO3
Nitrogen Tetroxide N2O4
Ammonia NH2
Methane CH4
Hydrogen Sulfide H2S
Emergency Services Division
CARBON DIOXIDE:
How and WhereProduced by crops in storage
Production is directly in proportion
to moisture content
Molasses tanks contain lethal
quantities. Warm days produce
more than cold days
Asphyxiant - Heavier than air, no
colour, no odour, non-flammable
Emergency Services Division
CARBON MONOXIDE CO:
How and WhereCreated during a fire due to incomplete
combustion of material burning
Will self ignite causing fire or explosion
in a mixture of 12.5 to 74% and
temperature in excess of approximately
1100 Fahrenheit
Asphyxiant - no colour, no odour in its
pure form, flammable, could cause an
explosion in certain conditions, lighter
than air
Emergency Services Division
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2 ):
How and Where
Produced by green crops when
stored as silage - Called SILO GAS
by farmers
Produced for approx. 20 to 30
days after put in silo. Worst
period is first 1 to 5 days
Emergency Services Division
Nitrogen Dioxide:
Properties• Heavier than air• Strong odour,• Reddish-brown,• Asphyxiant and a poison• Respiratory irritant - permanent lung
damage, • Lung damage may appear 1 to 2
weeks later• Nonflammable but will support
combustion.
Emergency Services Division
Nitrogen Dioxide: Lung Damage
Emergency Services Division
NITRIC OXIDE NO3:
How and Where
Produced in ensiled plants that
contain high levels of free nitrate
High production during dry
season, too cold or too hot
depending on crop, improper
fertilizing of field, weeds,
excessive cloudy weather
Emergency Services Division
NITROGEN TETROXIDE (N2O4):
How and Where
Produced during ensilage process and
is similar to but more reactive than
nitrogen dioxide
Heavier than both carbon dioxide and
nitrogen dioxide
Respiratory irritant - permanent lung
damage strong odour, heavier than air,
yellow in colour, nonflammable but will
support combustion
Emergency Services Division
METHANE:
How and WhereIs a by-product of the silage
fermentation process and is also
formed in manure storage areas.
Difficult to detect in both areas
It should be assumed that methane is
present in both areas
Asphyxiant - highly flammable
between 2 and 15 % by volume, lighter
than air, no colour or odour
Emergency Services Division
HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S):
How and Where
Not a by-product of the silage process
Produced in manure pits when pits are
agitated or emptied which may be near
silos, barns, or feed lots
Asphyxiant, Pulmonary irritant, Coma,
Convulsions - At concentrates of 1,000
PPM can kill with a single breath, rotten
egg smell, heavier than air, flammable
between 4 and 44% by volume
Emergency Services Division
THREE MAIN TYPES OF SILOS
Manufactures depends on area
Conventional Silo
Oxygen Limiting Silo
Bunker Silo
There are other systems such as
AG-Bags that also use the
fermentation process
Emergency Services Division
CONVENTIONAL SILO
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CONVENTIONAL SILO: FILLING
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FIRE IN CONVENTIONAL
SILO
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OXYGEN LIMITING SILOS
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OXYGEN LIMITING TOP SEAL
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EXPLOSION
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Converted
Oxygen
Limiting
Silo burning
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CONFINED SPACE??
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NEXT PROBLEM
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Cement Oxygen
Limiting Silo
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Machinery Related
INJURIES
“CONSEQUENCES”
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Mechanism of Injury
Is
Extremely Important
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Classification of Burns by Depth
Superficial Partial Thickness Full Thickness
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IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DETERMINE
THE EXTENT OF DAMAGE
ALL ELECTRICAL BURN PATIENTS
REQUIRE HOSPITAL
ASSESSMENT
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Hazard Awareness
• Control Hazards
– Fluids (gas, hydraulic fluid, calcium, battery
acid, oil, coolant, pesticides, herbicides)
– Turn of Engine / PTO (HOW??)
– Lock out Electrical Systems
– Stabilize Vehicles (wheel chocks)
– Be aware of stored energy
– Be prepared for fire
– Control Live Stock
Emergency Services Division
Team Work!
“BE SAFE”
Emergency Services Division
We Need to Prepare for Anything !
THANK YOU for YOUR ATTENTION
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