OverviewOverview
Tammy L. Stephens, Ph.D.Assessment ConsultantAssessment Consultant
[email protected]@pearson.com
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ObjectivesObjectives
• Revision Goals
• Discuss the structural changes from the WPPSI-III to the WPPSI-IV
• Review New and Revised Subtests
• Score Generation & Interpretation
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WPPSI: A Historical WPPSI: A Historical PerspectivePerspective
WPPSI WPPSI 19671967
WPPSI-RWPPSI-R 19891989
WPPSI-III WPPSI-III 20032003
WPPSI-IV WPPSI-IV 20122012
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WPPSI-III to WPPSI-IVWPPSI-III to WPPSI-IVRevision GoalsRevision Goals
• Update theoretical foundations
• Increase developmental appropriateness
• Increase user friendliness
• Improve psychometric properties
• Enhance clinical utility
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Update Theoretical Update Theoretical FoundationsFoundations• Increase breadth of construct coverage
– Develop new working memory subtests– Develop new inhibitory control subtest
• Revise composite terminology– Replace VIQ, PIQ, & PSQ with index scores – Add Working Memory Index (WMI)– Evaluate Fluid Reasoning Index (FRI)– Evaluate General Ability Index (GAI)
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Processing Speed SubtestsProcessing Speed Subtests
Subtest Changes from WPPSI-III
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On the new Processing Speed subtest,
Bug Search, the child marks the bug in
the search group that matches the
target bug.
What does the child use to mark the
bug?
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Enhance Clinical UtilityEnhance Clinical Utility• Extend age range upward to 7:7
• Update validity studies– Update clinical validity/special group studies– Add NEPSY-2 validity study– Appropriate concurrent validity measures
• Score difference comparisons more specific
• Decreased expressive language requirements
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Special Group StudiesSpecial Group StudiesIntellectually Gifted
Intellectual Disability-Mild Severity
Intellectual Disability-Moderate Severity
Developmental Delay-Cognitive
Developmental Risk Factors
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Disruptive Behavior
Expressive Language Disorder
Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder
Emergent Pre-Literacy Concerns
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Improve Psychometric Improve Psychometric PropertiesProperties• Update normative information
• Extend subtest floors & ceilings• Evaluate item bias
– Iterative psychometric analyses– Qualitative reviews by experts
• Test structure changes• More options for significance levels
– Enhances S/W analysis
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Total n = 1,700− n = 600 for ages 2:6-3:11− n = 1,100 for ages 4:0-
7:7
WPPSI-IV Normative SampleWPPSI-IV Normative Sample
Nationally stratified sample− Age− Sex/Gender− Race/Ethnicity − Parent education level (5 levels) − Geographic Region (NE, S, MW,
W)
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Internal Consistency ReliabilityInternal Consistency Reliability
Average Reliability Coefficient
Composite
2:6-3:114:0-7:7
VCI .94 .94
VSI .89 .89
FRI -- .93
WMI .93 .91
PSI -- .86
FSIQFSIQ .96.96 .96.96
VAI .94 .93
NVI .94 .95
GAI .95 .95
CPI -- .92
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Average Administration Times Average Administration Times by Age – Primary Index Scores by Age – Primary Index Scores
and FSIQand FSIQ
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2:6 to 2:11
3:0 to 3:11
4:0 to 4:11
5:0 to 5:11
6:0 to 6:11 7:0 to 7:7
PIndex 29 35 60 62 60 58
FSIQ 24 29 31 32 31 31
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Increase User FriendlinessIncrease User Friendliness• Simplify instructions to
child– Reduce verbosity &
vocabulary level – Demonstrate, practice,
and teach the task • Replace plastic puzzle
box– Similar to block box– Separate box holds
animal cards and dauber• Provide post publication
training
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WPPSI-III WPPSI-III (2003)(2003)• Two batteries:
– Ages 2:6−3:11
– Ages 4:0−7:3
• Composite scores:
– Full Scale IQ (FSIQ)
– Verbal IQ (VIQ)
– Performance IQ (PIQ)
– Processing Speed Quotient (PSQ)
– General Language Composite (GLC)
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WPPSI-IV WPPSI-IV (2012)(2012)
Core SubtestsCore Subtests
Supplemental Supplemental SubtestsSubtests
Optional SubtestsOptional Subtests
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Subtest Changes from WPPSI-Subtest Changes from WPPSI-IIIIII
• Dropped Word Reasoning & Picture Completion
• Revised retained subtests
– New items include picture items on Similarities and Comprehension, and a new puzzle for Object Assembly
• Replaced Processing Speed subtests Processing Speed Subtests
– Bug Search & Animal Coding
– Added Cancellation
• New Working Memory subtests
– Picture Memory
– Zoo Locations
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Subtest Modifications Subtest Modifications
Subtest New AdministrationRecording & Scoring
New Items
Vocabulary Information Similarities Comprehension Receptive Vocabulary Picture Naming Block Design Object Assembly
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Subtest Modifications Subtest Modifications (continued)(continued)
Subtest New AdministrationRecording & Scoring
New Items
Matrix Reasoning Picture Concepts Bug Search Animal Coding Cancellation
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Subtest Substitution*Subtest Substitution*Age Band
Composite Score
Core Subtest Allowable Substitution
2:6-3:11
FSIQ
Receptive VocabularyInformationBlock DesignObject AssemblyPicture Memory
Picture Naming———
Zoo Locations
NVI
Block DesignObject AssemblyPicture MemoryZoo Locations
————
GAI
Receptive VocabularyInformationBlock DesignObject Assembly
Picture Naming———
*Only one substitution is allowed for each listed composite score.
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Subtest Substitution*Subtest Substitution*Age Band
Composite Score
Core Subtest Allowable Substitution
4:0-7:7
FSIQ
Information
Similarities
Block Design
Matrix
Reasoning
Picture Memory
Bug Search
Vocabulary or
Comprehension
Vocabulary or
Comprehension
Object Assembly
Picture Concepts
Zoo Locations
Cancellation or Animal
Coding
NVI
Block Design
Matrix
Reasoning
Picture
Concepts
Picture Memory
Bug Search
Object Assembly
—
—
Zoo Locations
Cancellation or Animal
Coding
*Only one substitution is allowed for each listed composite score.
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Subtest Substitution*Subtest Substitution*Age Band
Composite Score
Core Subtest Allowable Substitution
4:0-7:7
GAI
Information
Similarities
Block Design
Matrix
Reasoning
Vocabulary or
Comprehension
Vocabulary or
Comprehension
Object Assembly
Picture Concepts
CPI
Picture
Memory
Zoo Locations
Bug Search
Cancellation
—
—
Animal Coding
Animal Coding*Therefore, only one substitution is allowed for each listed composite score.
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General Testing GuidanceGeneral Testing Guidance
• Teaching items
• Demonstration items
• Sample Items
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Verbal SubtestsVerbal Subtests
SubtestSubtest Ages Ages 2:6-3:112:6-3:11
Ages Ages 4:0-7:74:0-7:7
Information C C Receptive Vocabulary
C O
Picture Naming S O
Similarities C
Vocabulary S
Comprehension S
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Information (IN)Information (IN)• Core Verbal Comprehension subtest
for ages 2:6–7:7. • Consists of 29 items: 4 picture items
and 25 verbal items. • All 4 picture items are retained, and
12 verbal items are retained with little or no change in wording. There are 13 new verbal items.
• Scoring criteria for all retained verbal items were revised.
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IN: DescriptionIN: Description
Picture Items Verbal Items
The child selects the pictures that best answer questions about general-knowledge topics.
The child verbally answers questions about a broad range of general-knowledge topics.
The Information subtest measures ability to acquire, retain, and retrieve general factual knowledge.
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Receptive Vocabulary (RV)Receptive Vocabulary (RV)• Receptive Vocabulary is a Verbal
Comprehension subtest for ages 2:6–7:7.
• Receptive Vocabulary has 31 items.
• A total of 23 items are retained from WPPSI-III, and 8 are new.
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RV: DescriptionRV: Description
The child selects the picture that best represents the word the examiner reads aloud.
RV measures receptive language ability and language development.
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Picture Naming (PN)Picture Naming (PN)• Verbal Comprehension subtest for
ages 2:6–7:7.
• Picture Naming has 24 items.
• A total of 20 items are retained from WPPSI-III, and 4 are new.
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PN: DescriptionPN: Description
The child names depicted objects.
The Picture Naming subtest measures expressive language ability and language development.
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Similarities (SI)Similarities (SI)• Core Verbal Comprehension subtest for
ages 4:0–7:7.
• Consists of 23 items: 4 picture items and 19 verbal items.
• All 19 verbal items are retained. All 4 picture items and the sample picture item are new.
• Scoring criteria for all retained items were revised.
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SI: DescriptionSI: Description
Picture Items Verbal Items
The child selects
the response option
that is from the
same category as
two other depicted
objects.
The child is read two
words that
represent common
objects or concepts
and describes how
they are similar.
The Similarities subtest measures verbal concept formation and reasoning.
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Vocabulary (VC)Vocabulary (VC)• Verbal Comprehension subtest for ages
4:0–7:7.
• Consists of 23 items: 3 picture items and 20 verbal items.
• Ten items were retained (1 picture item and 9 verbal items) and 13 items are new (2 picture items and 11 verbal items).
• Scoring criteria for all retained items were revised.
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VC: DescriptionVC: Description
Picture Items Verbal Items
The child names depicted objects.
The child defines words that are read aloud.
The Vocabulary subtest measures word knowledge and verbal concept formation.
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Comprehension (CO)Comprehension (CO)• Verbal Comprehension subtest for
ages 4:0–7:7. • Comprehension has 22 items: 4
picture items and 18 verbal items. – All 4 picture items are new. – Of the verbal items, 17 are retained and
1 is new.
• Scoring criteria for all retained items were revised.
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CO: DescriptionCO: DescriptionPicture Items Verbal Items
The child selects the picture that represents the best response to a general principle or social situation.
The child answers questions based on his or her understanding of general principles and social situations.
The Comprehension subtest measures verbal reasoning and conceptualization, verbal comprehension and expression, the ability to evaluate and use past experience, and the ability to demonstrate practical knowledge and judgment.
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Visual-Spatial SubtestsVisual-Spatial Subtests
SubtestAges
2:6-3:11Ages
4:0-7:7
Block Design C C
Object Assembly C S
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Block Design (BD)Block Design (BD)• Visual Spatial subtest for ages 2:6–7:7.
• BD has 17 items: 13 retained; 4 new.
• One of the new items is a diamond-shaped item with four blocks to extend the ceiling of the subtest.
• A new sample item was added to Part B to familiarize the child with the solid color sides of two-color blocks, and the other sample item is retained.
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BD: DescriptionBD: Description
Working within a specified time limit, the child views a model and/or a picture in a Stimulus Book and uses one- or two-color blocks to re-create the design.
The Block Design subtest measures
ability to analyze and synthesize abstract
visual stimuli.
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BD: Description of TaskBD: Description of Task
• Block Design is divided into two parts − A and B.
• Part A (Items 1–8) is primarily designed for ages 2:6–3:11 and utilizes one-color blocks.
• No degree of rotation, even complete 180°reversals, is penalized in Part A.
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BD: Description of TaskBD: Description of Task
• Two-color blocks are used on Part B (Items 9–17), and only pronounced rotations of 30° or more are penalized.
• Modifications to administration procedures were made for some items to smooth the transition from model to stimulus book presentation.
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BD: Description of TaskBD: Description of Task
As on the WPPSI–III, no time bonuses are utilized due to the relative unfamiliarity of preschoolers with performance under time constraints.
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Object Assembly (OA)Object Assembly (OA)• Object Assembly is a Visual Spatial
subtest for ages 2:6–7:7.
• Object Assembly has a total of 13 items.
• Eleven items are retained from WPPSI-III.
• Two new items were added to improve the floor and ceiling of the subtest.
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OA: DescriptionOA: Description
Working within a specified time limit, the child assembles the pieces of a puzzle to create a representation of an identified object.
The OA subtest measures visual-perceptual organization, integration and synthesis of part-whole relationships, nonverbal reasoning, and trial-and-error learning.
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