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Unbounded Network Media
Wireless Networking Wireless Network Devices and Components Install a Wireless Network
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OSI Model Location
Application7
Presentation6
Session5
Transport4
Network3
Data Link2
Physical1
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Wireless Communication
Signals are transmitted over a distance without
the use of a physical medium
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The IEEE 802.11 Standard
Standard Speed (Mbps) Frequency (Ghz)
Range (meters)
MIMO Streams
802.11a 54 5 20 1
802.11ac 433/channel 5 35 8
802.11b 11 2.4 100 1
802.11g 54 2.4 100 1
802.11n 150 2.4 or 5 70 4
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Frequencies and Overlap of Wireless Channels
22.417
12.412
32.422
42.427
52.432
62.437
72.442
82.447
92.452
102.457
112.462
122.467
132.472
142.484
ChannelCenter Frequency (GHz)
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Radio Networking
Signals are sent via RF waves
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Broadcast Radio
Non-directional single frequency transmission
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Spread Spectrum
Signal is sent over more than one frequency
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Types of Spread Spectrum
OFDM DSSS
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Infrared Transmission
Signals sent as infrared light pulses. Transmit at 300 GHz to 300,000 GHz. Receiver needs unobstructed view of sender. Signal can reflect off hard surfaces. Used for:
Remote control systems. Security sensors. Manufacturing sensors.
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Bluetooth
30 meters
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Microwave Transmission
Sender transmits electromagnetic signals
Receiver has an unobstructed view
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Wireless Access Points
Device that provides a connection between wireless devices
WAP
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Wireless Controllers
Provide wireless LAN management for multiple access points. Used in combination with the LWAPP. Can be a physical device or a software application. LWAPP is a protocol that controls multiple Wi-Fi wireless access points.
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Wireless Bridges
Wireless Router
Wireless Bridge
Receives signal from wireless router and provides connection to wired devices
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Wireless Antennas
Wireless Tower Dish Antenna
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Wireless Antenna Types
Directional Antenna Omni-directional Antenna
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Wireless Antenna Performance Factors
Infrared: Sunlight Obstacles Smoke, dust, fog
Radio: Antenna signal characteristics Wire mesh in walls, thick walls Ambient electrical noise Conductive obstacles Other electrical equipment Data transmission rate
Microwave: Weather Antenna signal characteristics Line of sight Distance between transmitting stations
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WLAN Overview
Wireless connectivity device
Client systems
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WLAN Architecture
STA AP Service sets BSS and BSSID ESS and ESSID IBSS DS
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802.11 Modes
ESS
Distributed System
Infrastructure mode
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802.11 Modes (Cont.)
Ad-hoc mode
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SSID Broadcasts
Continuous announcement by WAP. Transmits its name (SSID). Often referred to as a beacon. If a WAP is password-protected, devices can see it but not connect to it.
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Mobile Devices
Mobile phone Laptop Tablet Gaming device Media device
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Guidelines for Implementing a Basic Wireless Network
Create a list of requirements. Consider devices and how they meet your requirements. Consider environmental limitations. Consider equipment limitations. Consider compatibility requirements. Choose appropriate 802.11 technology. Choose appropriate AP placement locations. Install APs. Test after installation:
Appropriately sized Secure Operational
Document steps and establish a baseline.
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Reflective Questions
1. In your opinion, what are the primary considerations for implementing a wireless network?
2. What problems have you encountered when setting up a wireless network?
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