Organic Compounds
Carbon BondingForms 4 covalent bonds
in chains or rings
1
Carbon Prefixes
1 C = meth-
2 C = eth-
3 C = prop-
4 C = but-
5 C = pent-
6 C = hex-
7 C = hept-
8 C = oct-
9 C = non-
10 C = dec-
HYDROCARBONS Carbon and Hydrogen atoms.
Alkanes - carbons single bonded.
name ends -ane formula = CnH2n+2
name starts cyclo- in a ring
Hydrocarbon Drawings
Condensed Structure
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
Carbon Skeleton
C-C-C-C
Carbon BranchesCarbons replace H’s on the chain/ring
Alkyl groups1 C = methyl
2 C = ethyl
3 C = propyl / isopropyl
4 C = butyl / sec-butyl / isobutyl / tert-butyl
Benzene ring branch = phenyl
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Alkenes - have 1 or more double bonded C’s
name ends –ene
Alkynes - have 1 or more triple bonded C’s
name ends –yne
Aromatics - contains a benzene ring, C6H6
name ends -benzene
Functional Groups
Replacement of hydrogen by halogens, nitrogen, or oxygen
Halide branches of Fluoro, Chloro, Bromo,
Iodo
nitrogen with up to 3 carbon branches
name ends with amine
Amine
Ether
O has two carbon branches
name ends with ether
Alcohol
- OH branch
Add suffix -anol
AldehydeO is double bonded on an end
Add suffix –anal
O is double bonded to the middle
Add suffix –anone
Ketone
Carboxylic Aciddouble bonded O and an OH are on an
end
Add suffix –anoic acid
Esterdouble bonded O and O in the carbon chain
Add suffix –anoate on the double bonded O side
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