Or
How to Control the Behavior of the People
Around You Without Them Knowing It.
Stimulus Response
Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response
Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response
Neutral Stimulus
Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response
Neutral Stimulus
Conditioned ResponseConditioned Stimulus
• Pepper and Smoking
• Treatment for phobias and aversions
• Relief for Insomniacs
• MIT football
• Cancer and Chemotherapy
• Acne and the folks
• The case of drugs and environment
Cocaine Loss of Homeostasis – body reacts
Physical Environment Cocaine
Physical Environment Loss of Homeostasis
Reward Punishment
Reinforcement Punishment
Positive
Negative
Chocolate Bar Electric Shock
Excused from Chores
No TV privileges
Fixed
Variable
RatioInterval
• Project Pigeon (military)
• Project Pigeon (Coast Guard)
• Cure for Bedwetting
• Sports Superstitions
• Training Seeing Eye Dogs
• How to raise yer kids
Prevent a dog from escaping electric shocks, and it will stop trying to get away.
Applications for abused women and children
Generalization – Learning on stimulus A changes behavior regarding stimulus B
Discrimination – Learning on stimulus A doesn’t change behavior regarding stimulus B
Extinction – Loss of learned behavior after training stops
Spontaneous Recovery – Exhibiting learned behavior after extinction has occurred.
Rats
Dogs
Bunnies
Santa Claus
Coats
Learning from observation
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Hebbian Explanation:The more frequently two objects are paired, the greater the association.
Association
# of times paired
+
Rescorla-Wagner ModelThe amount of association increases relative to the surprise of the pairing
Association
# of times paired
Group 1 = always food
Group 2 = delayed food
Group 3 = never food0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1 5 10 15
1) Conditioning your friends to perform embarrassing stunts in public is fun, but possibly unethical
2) Conditioning may account for a lot of behavior, but it can’t account for all of it.
3) A pencil sharpener works by sticking a pencil in the little hole, and turning the lever
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