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O P M R E P O R T O N :
P R O C E S S
P E R F O R M A N C E A N D
Q U A L I T Y
SUBMITTED BY :
ASIM NAZIR (12947)
KANWAL IBRAHIM (12978)
SANA FAROOQ (13034)
YUSRA MURSALEEN (13064)
SYED SHARIQUE ALI (13157)
SYED ZOHAIB HYDER (13161)
SUBMITTED TO: SIR IRFAN ALI
DATE: 27-12-2010
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
L E T T E R O F T R A N S M I T T A L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
I N T R O D U C T I O N O F T H E C O M P A N Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
P L A N T A N D M A C H I N E R Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
P R O C E S S A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
PROCESS CHART: .................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE: ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
P R O D U C T I O N P R O C E S S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
RAW MATERIALS: ................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
MIXING««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««. 11
COMPONENT MANUFACTURING: ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
ASSEMBLY: ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
VULCANIZING: ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
INSPECTION: ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
P R O D U C T L I F E C Y C L E O F A T Y R E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
T Q M T O O L S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6
BENCHMARKING: ................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT:.............................................................................................................................................................. 16
SUPPLIER TEAMING IN GTR:««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««... 17
X BAR AND R CHART:««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««18
Q U A L I T Y S T A N D A R D S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9
P E R C E N T A G E C H A N G E I N P R O D U C T I O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0
P R O D U C T I O N P E R A C R E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1
R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
C O N C L U S I O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3
A P P E N D I X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4
QUESTIONARRE:«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««............................................................. ........................ 24
RATING CHART:««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««... 25
R E F E R E N C E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6
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TABLE OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 (PLANT AND MACHINERY) ......................................................................... 7
FIGURE 2 (PLANT AND MACHINERY) ......................................................................... 8
FIGURE 3 (PLANT AND MACHINERY) .......................................................................... 8
FIGURE 4 ( MIXING) ..................................................................................................... 12
FIGURE 5 (BEAD PRODUCTION ) .............................................................................. 12
FIGURE 6 (EXTRUSION) .............................................................................................. 13
FIGURE 7 (VULCANIZING) ........................................................................................... 14
FIGURE 8 ( INSPECTION) ............................................................................................ 14
FIGURE 9 (LIFE CYCLE) .............................................................................................. 15
FIGURE 10 (X BAR AND R CHART)............................................................................ 18
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A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S
In the name of ALMIGHTY ALLAH the most beneficent and the most merciful. First of all we
thank to ALMIGHTY ALLAH who enabled us the capability, power, opportunity and
intelligence to conduct the study.
All words of gratitude seem insufficient to express the indebtedness to our PARENTS their
prayers, faith, patience and constant co-operation.
We are thankful to acknowledge the constant guidance and encouragement by our supervisor,
SIR IRFAN ALI. He made the course a valuable learning experience for all of us and made us
grow as learned individuals. We will always be in debt for his affectionate attitude. We are also
grateful to BAHRIA UNIVERSITY, which helps students to engage in extra ± curricular
activities to enhance their experiences.
Lastly we would like to thank our fellow classmates for making this learning experience a
thoroughly productive and enjoyable one.
Hopefully this report will serve a good purpose.
Thank you,
ASIM NAZIR,
KANWAL IBRAHIM,
SANA FAROOQ,
YUSRA MURSALEEN,
SHARIQUE ALI,
ZOHAIB HYDER.
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L E T T E R O F
T R A N S M I T T A L
SIR IRFAN ALI,
COURSE INSTRUCTOR,
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT,
BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ,
STADIUM ROAD,
KARACHI.
RESPECTED SIR ,
We are pleased to inform you that the final report you assigned for has been completed and
is ready for your examination. This report as per your instruction has covered all the authentic
areas of concern and contains all the relevant information. We would dearly like to thank you for
the faith you showed in our capabilities and the encouragement you gave us when assigning us
the report.
YOURS SINCERELY,
ASIM NAZIR,
KANWAL IBRAHIM,
SANA FAROOQ,
YUSRA MURSALEEN,
SHARIQUE ALI,ZOHAIB HYDER.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The General Tire and Rubber Company of Pakistan Limited (Gentipak) is Pakistanµs premier
industry. It was established in 1963 by General Tire USA and has been in production since 1964.
General tires aim is to become the leader in tire technology by building the Company¶s image
through quality improvement, competitive prices, customers¶ satisfaction and meeting social
obligations.
In this report, we focus on operations of the company. General Tire is ISO 9001:2000 certified
with specifies requirements for a quality management system where an organization needs to
demonstrate its ability to consistently provide a product that meets customer and applicable
regulatory requirements. The General Tire & Rubber Company of Pakistan Limited gives an
undertaking that every tire manufactured by the Company bearing its name, serial number and
logo is brand new and warranted to be free from defect in workmanship and material.
The General Tire & Rubber Company of Pakistan Limited is a Company of dedicated people
who enjoy working as a team and with their customers in an enterprise committed to quality.
General tire uses innovative technology to manufacture its tires and continually strive to bring
improvements in its products, services & quality management system to meet or exceed their
customers needs and expectations and that¶s the benchmark of their success.
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INTRODUCTION AND
BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY
The General Tire and Rubber Company of Pakistan Limited (Gentipak) is Pakistanµs premier
industry. It was established in 1963 by General Tire USA and has been in production since 1964.
Gentipak has a Technical Services Agreement (TSA) with CONTINENTAL AG (Germany¶s
largest tire manufacturer) which enables it to produce tires of ³GENERAL´ brand and provides
the latest technology for production of tires based on Continental¶s, R&D.
The Plant and the Offices are located in suburb of Karachi. Initial production capacity was only
120,000 tires per annum but is now around 2,000,000 tires per annum. Our plant is constantly
upgraded and is equipped with the most modern technology in tire manufacturing.
[http://www.gentipak.com/index.asp]
COMPANY SLOGAN:
Sooner or later, you'll own Generals.
[http://www.pistonheads.com/gassing/topic.asp?f=30&t=274487]
COMPANYS VISION:To be the leader in tire technology by building the Company¶s image through quality
improvement, competitive prices, customers¶ satisfaction and meeting social obligations.
[http://www.gentipak.com/our_mission.asp]
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COMPANYS MISSION:
To offer quality products at competitive prices to our customers.
To endeavor to be the market leader by enhancing market share, consistently improving
efficiency and the quality of our products.
To improve performance in all operating areas, so that profitability increases thereby
ensuring growth for the company and increasing return to the stakeholders.
To create a conducive working environment leading to enhanced productivity, job
satisfaction and personal development of our employees.
To discharge its obligation to society and environment by contributing to social welfare
and adopting environmental friendly practices and processes.
[http://www.gentipak.com/our_mission.asp]
COMPANYS PROFILE:
The company was established in 1963. The paid up capital at that time was Rs. 7.125 million.
The original sponsor of the company is General Tire International of Akron, USA. The company
is the largest manufacturer of tires in Pakistan it is a broad based public limited company
engaged in the manufacture and marketing of a complete range of tires and tubes for cars, vans,
jeeps, pickups, buses, trucks and farm tires.
The paid up capital of General Tire Pakistan is presently Rs 170.775 million. The major
shareholders of the company are Bibojee Services Limited, Pak Kuwait Investment Company,
National Investment Trust and Continental General Tire Inc.
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General Tire International USA has links with General Tire via equity participation and
provision of technical cooperation.
In l987 Continental AG of Germany acquired General Tire international U.S.A. The company in
U.S.A is now known as Continental General Tire Incorporated.
Continental A.G (which includes all subsidiaries) is ranked 4th largest tire manufacturer in the
world.
General Tire Pakistan has also been included as one of the top 25 companies on the Karachi
Stock Exchange on three different occasions.
The General Tire factory and head office are located in Karachi whereas Regional offices arelocated in Lahore and Islamabad. It is the only manufacturer of radial passenger car tires in the
country. These tires are supplied to Toyota, Honda, Suzuki, Nissan, Kia, Hyundai and Daewoo.
All the other major vehicle assembly plants, transport fleets, autonomous organizations, the
armed forces and the tire replacement market are customers of the company.
For operational purposes in the replacement market there is an established dealership network of
over 140 dealers which caters to customer needs and covers the whole country geographically.
General Tire has also ventured into the export market in the last few years. Racing car tires were
exported to England, passenger car radials to Kuwait and Dubai and truck bus tires to
Bangladesh / Nepal.
The company competes in the country with tires from the world over as well as with other
locally made tires. Smuggled tires (trucks) mainly come from India. While some car and truck
tires come from Japan and China respectively.
At General Tire the emphasis is on quality products, quick / efficient after sales service and
competitive pricing. The company's product line up consists of passenger car tires, both bias (rim
sizes 12´, 13´) and radial (rim sizes 12´, 13´ & 14´) and is produced in 6 different patterns.
Light truck tires bias type are produced in rim sizes 12" 14" 15" and 16" in 8 different patterns.
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Truck bus tires in bias type are produced in 20" rim size in 9 different patterns. Farm tires are
produced in 16", 20", 28" and 30" sizes in 5 patterns. General tire also produces tubes and flaps.
The tires are sold under a comprehensive warranty. To provide after sales service the company
maintains 3 service centers at Karachi, Multan and Lahore as well as handling claims directly at
dealer premises and at OEM's.
PLANT AND MACHINERY
The Plant and the Offices, spread over an area of 25 acres, are located in suburb of Karachi.
Initial production capacity was only 120,000 tires per annum but is now around 2,000,000 tires
per annum. It has been constantly upgraded and boasts the latest equipment in tire
manufacturing.
Some pictures of plant and machinery are as:
Figure 1 (PLANT AND MACHINERY)
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Figure 2 (PLANT AND MACHINERY)
Figure 3 (PLANT AND MACHINERY)
[http://www.gentipak.com/plant_m.asp]
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PROCESS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
PROCESS CHART:
It shows Process Stages of Building a Modern Radial Tire
COMPOUNDMANUFACTURE
COMPONENT PARTCONSTRUCTING
ASSEMBLY
CURING FINAL INSPECTION
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WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE:
It shows the major steps in Tire manufacturing.
[http://www.etyres.co.uk/tyre-construction]
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PRODUCTION PROCESS
RAW MATERIALS:
The main raw materials of a tire are natural rubber, synthetic rubber, carbon black and oil. The
share of rubber compounds in the total weight of a tire is more than 80%. The rest consists of
various kinds of reinforcing materials.
Approximately half of the rubber is natural rubber from a rubber tree. Rubber trees are grown in
the tropics, in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Most of the synthetic, oil-based rubbers
come from European manufacturers.
Approximately one-third of the compound consists of filler substances. The most important of
these is carbon black which makes the tires black in color. Important filler is oil which is used as
a plasticizer in the compound. Furthermore, hardening or vulcanizing agents, various booster
chemicals and protective agents are used in the rubber compounds.
MIXING:
In the mixing stage, the raw materials are mixed together and heated at a temperature of
approximately 120 degrees Celsius.
The consistency of the rubber compounds used in different parts of a tire varies, and the
consistency also varies depending on the intended use and model of the tire. The rubber
compound used in a summer tire for a passenger car is different from that of a winter tire, and
there are very few similarities between the rubber compound of a bicycle tire and that of a
forestry tire.
Developing and adjusting the recipes is an important part of the tire development work.
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Figure 4 ( MIXING)
COMPONENT MANUFACTURING:
The compounds are used in rubberizing various components, such as cables, textiles or steel belts. A tire is manufactured from 10±30 different components.
Most of the components are various kinds of reinforcements.
Figure 5 (BEAD PRODUCTION )
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ASSEMBLY:
Tire makers assemble the components into green tires using assembly machinery.
When the components have been drawn onto the belt drum of an assembly machine and the
frame of a tire has been set on the bulkheads of the stretching machine, the machine¶s loadingwheel transfers the unity formed by the surface and the belt onto the frame.
The frame is then pressurized and stretched to fuse with the above-mentioned unity. This is how
a green tire is manufactured.
Figure 6 (EXTRUSION)
VULCANIZING:
Green tires are vulcanized in curing presses.
The high steam pressure conducted into the curing pad inside the curing press presses the elastic
green tire against the tread pattern and side texts inside the moulds, giving the tire its finalappearance.
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Figure 7 (VULCANIZING)
INSPECTION:
Each passenger car tire is inspected both visually and by a machine.
Attention is paid to any faults and defects with the appearance of the tire in the visual inspection.The machine measures the pattern as well as radial throw and lateral force variation of the tire.
When a tire has been inspected, it will be tested, labeled and transferred to the warehouse for
delivery.
Figure 8 ( INSPECTION)
[http://www.nokiantyres.com/Production_process]
[http://www.etyres.co.uk/tyre-construction]
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PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE OF A TYRE
Figure 9 (LIFE CYCLE)
[http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/waste/product-stewardship-endoflife-tyres-may06/html/images/figure-2-1.html]
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TQM TOOLS
BENCHMARKING:
Benchmark of General Tire are the innovative technology they use in the manufacturing of their
Tires.
Different technologies which are used are as follows
1. TCT Technology
TCT is available on both the Altimax HP and RT. This twin cushion consists of high and
low density tread to deliver excellent ride comfort. High density, long wearing cushion
isolates vehicle while low density cushion absorbs road vibrations
2. RTM TechnologyThis is especially designed to react to road conditions to maintain contact with the road
surface for increased driving confidence and even tire wear.
3. VAI Technology
Available on both the Altimax HP and RT. This unique feature helps to extend the life of
the tire with the help of visual identification of vehicle¶s misalignment. Small sipes of
varying depths are equally positioned around the tire on both shoulders that indicate bad
alignment before the tire is ruined
EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT:
General Tire involves their employees in every step of production which in long run
manage the quality standards of the process and product both.
Employee empowerment is among the reasons of being successful in the industry of
General Tires.
[http://www.generaltire.com/technology]
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SUPPLIER TEAMING IN GTR:
The GTR is very good at supplier teaming as the selection of supplier is concerned. The GTR
does not make any compromise on supplier selection where the quality is concerned. The GTR
purchases raw materials from the selected suppliers prescribed by the GTI America. The GTI
America refers the list of prescribed suppliers from allover the world to GTR and then GTR
purchases raw materials from those suppliers.
The GTI America also provides alternative suppliers supplying the same raw materials to
provide the affiliated company a choice within the supplier list. To benefit from this opportunity,
the GTR inspects each and every raw material on the sampling basis and keeps record of the
performance of all the suppliers. The GTR inspects these raw materials and analyze on X BAR,
R CHART. On the basis of that they choose their suppliers within the limits of prescribed list of
suppliers.
Moreover the GTR conveys to its customers that the purpose of focusing on its suppliers is
because the importance of quality. The GTR customers also realize that GTR is serious about
supplier quality as well as their final product quality.
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ATION+AND+MANAGEMENT+IN+GENERAL+TIRES+PAKSITAN&hl=en&gl=pk&pid=bl
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X BAR AND R CHART:
Figure 10 (X BAR AND R CHARTS)
The figure 4 depicts the various causes control philosophy adopted by GTR to improve the
quality. It is visible from the figure that these causes are very much within limit. It is based on
the work of Shewhart and Deming. By mathematically constructing control limits at 3 standard
deviations above and below the average, one can determine what variation is due to normal
ongoing causes (common causes) and what variation is produced by unique events (special
causes). Eliminating the special causes first and then reducing common causes, quality can be
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improved. This tool monitors, control, and improves the process performance over time by
studying variation and its source. GTR is progressing well on TQM but still there is much room
for improvement that can be accrued when GTR will implement TQM in true spirits.
[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:UbaFF56VHWMJ:www.piqc.com.pk/PAPERS,%
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%2520of%2520General%2520Tyres%2520and%2520Rubbers%2520Co.%2520Ltd.pdf+OPER
ATION+AND+MANAGEMENT+IN+GENERAL+TIRES+PAKSITAN&hl=en&gl=pk&pid=bl
&srcid=ADGEESgj3ZSNMHgJS-V_4Fmhw4vV6Fuk16SgWbwzc-
87QV0LevX0NQ5bmPwOOxI4FWpkmtbWzwmzeFcIs077Hhu8M493Sf3gX56OseXgT4mtrTjf
S5FaVwm0392FHUMQ3utIV30e7yWz&sig=AHIEtbSdkVJOS7sEYrjig8nDXAe8asTqNA]
QUALITY STANDARDS
All Tires produced by Gentipak are marketed after stringent testing and quality assurance and
backed up by a comprehensive after sales warranty.
They are a Company of dedicated people who enjoy working as a team and with our customers
in an enterprise committed to quality.
They are continually striving to bring improvements in our products, services & quality
management system to meet or exceed our customers¶ needs and expectations.
General Tire is certified with ISO 9001:2000.
ISO 9001:2000 specifies requirements for a quality management system where an organization:
1. Needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide product that meets customer and
applicable regulatory requirements, and
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2. Aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system,
including processes for continual improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to
customer and applicable regulatory requirements.
[http://www.gentipak.com/quality_policy.asp]
PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN PRODUCTION
In the fourth week of March General Tire labor went on strike. The company did not fulfill the
demands of the labor union for making permanent the contractual employees and increasing their
salaries. After a three-week long strike the labor union called off the strike. The company¶s
production after the end of the strike had dropped down to just 3,000 units per day as against
5,000 units normally. Now below we will see that how much GTR productivity decline after
three weeks strike.
Production before Strike:
Tire Productivity: 5000 Units per day
Production after Strike:
Tire Productivity: 3000 Units per day
% Change in Production
3000-5000
= ----------------------- = - 40%5000
Result: After the strike at GTR, its productivity decline by 40% which incurred them huge losses
and decline their reputation and good will in market.
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[21]
PRODUCTION PER ACRES
The Plant and the Offices, spread over an area of 25 acres, are located in suburb of Karachi.
Initial production capacity was only 120,000 Tires per annum but is now around 2,000,000 Tires
per annum.
Initially Production per Acre:
120,000
= ---------------- = 4800 Tires per Acre per annum
25
Current Production per Acre:
2,000,000
= ---------------- = 80000 Tires per Acre per annum
25
% Change in Production
80,000 - 4,800
= ----------------------- = 1566.66%
4,800
Results: Since 1964, up till 2010 General Tire has increased it production capacity and
productivity by 1566.66 %.
[http://www.cheaponsale.com/d-c116523714547335225
general_tyre_and_rubber_company_of_pakistan_limited/]
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[22]
RECOMMENDATIONS
Quality assurance ensures certain level of quality products and does not continuously
improve the quality as TQM does. The GTR must adopt TQM philosophy as GTR doing
the business on quality assurance philosophy. Also GTR must adopt all concepts of
TQM, as single concept will not yield the desired results.
GTR should make full use of TQM tools such as quality function deployment, Taguchi
analysis and statistical process control to penetrate the quality in products at design stage
rather than inspecting and detecting the poor quality products and making change after
the product are in the hands of customers.
GTR must embraced focus-team approach rather than quality circle approach as the blue-
collar workers are not educated and motivated.
It is well-accepted truth that the blue-collar workers who actually operate the machines
and processes know the problems as well as the solutions so they must also be included
as members in focus team approach.
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[23]
CONCLUSION
General tire is one of the leading tire manufacturer company in the world.
It continually strive to bring improvements in products, services & quality management
system to meet or exceed their customers needs and expectations.
It is offering quality products at competitive prices to their customers.
Gentipak is also exporting tires to few neighboring and Middle East countries. It is
currently exploring other markets as well for export.
Tires produced by Gentipak are marketed after stringent testing and quality assurance and
backed up by a comprehensive after sales warranty.
Gentipak is the major supplier of tires to the local automotive and tractor assembly
plants. It has contracts to supply 15´ radial passenger car tires to Toyota and Honda
approved after stringent testing by their principal companies in Japan.
It provides consultancy on Tire care and services. It also delivers lectures on Tire care to
drivers and service people.
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OPM REPORT [BBA-6C]
[24]
APPENDIX
QUESTIONARRE :
Q1. How is your Production Management?
Q2. What are the major factors of GTR success?
Q3. How the Tire industry can increase their production?
Q4. How you measure your productivity?
Q5. What you think at which stage of Product Life Cycle, GTR is?
Q6. Does company prefer that the new Technology is the factor to fire labors?
Q7. How is your quality management ?
Q8. How the GTR¶s Project Management?
Q9. Does GTR providing safe quality product to their customers and safe work place to their labors?
Q10. Which document GTR is using for production?
Q11. Which productivity variable GTR highly prefer?
Q12. Do GTR go for research before introducing new product?
Q13. Which ISO standard GTR is following? Why are not following others?
Q14. Does GTR following TQM in order to meet the customer expectations?
Q15. Which tool GTR following in TQM effort?
Q16. Does GTR keep the process in control?
Q17. Does the process is capable to meet the design specification?
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[25]
RATING OF GENERAL TIRES PRODUCTS:
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REFERENCES
[http://www.gentipak.com/index.asp]
[http://www.pistonheads.com/gassing/topic.asp?f=30&t=274487]
[http://www.gentipak.com/our_mission.asp]
[http://www.gentipak.com/plant_m.asp]
[http://www.etyres.co.uk/tyre-construction]
[http://www.nokiantyres.com/Production_process]
[http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/waste/product-stewardship-endoflife-tyres-
may06/html/images/figure-2-1.html]
[http://www.generaltire.com/technology]
[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:UbaFF56VHWMJ:www.piqc.com.pk/PAPERS,%
2520ABSTRACTS%2520%26%2520PRESENTATIONS/Ghulam%2520Yasin%2520Sheikh%2
520%2520%2520%2520%2520%2520%2520%2520%2520-
%2520%2520Impact%2520of%2520TQM%2520on%2520Processes2520and%2520Products%2
520of%2520General%2520Tyres%2520and%2520Rubbers%2520Co.%2520Ltd.pdf+OPERATI
ON+AND+MANAGEMENT+IN+GENERAL+TIRES+PAKSITAN&hl=en&gl=pk&pid=bl&sr
cid=ADGEESgj3ZSNMHgJS-V_4Fmhw4vV6Fuk16SgWbwzc-
87QV0LevX0NQ5bmPwOOxI4FWpkmtbWzwmzeFcIs077Hhu8M493Sf3gX56OseXgT4mtrTjf
S5FaVwm0392FHUMQ3utIV30e7yWz&sig=AHIEtbSdkVJOS7sEYrjig8nDXAe8asTqNA]
[http://www.gentipak.com/quality_policy.asp]
[http://www.cheaponsale.com/d-c116523714547335225
general_tyre_and_rubber_company_of_pakistan_limited/]
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