Operation & Monitoring of a Bioreactor Landfill
in Sainte Sophie, Quebec
Second Intercontinental Landfill Research SymposiumAsheville, NCOctober 2002
Key Performance Objectives
• Optimize biological processes to stabilize waste • Accelerate gas generation & evaluate system• Evaluate recirculation system• Accelerate settlement, maximize waste capacity• Find effective & safe operating methods • Identify problems, develop solutions• Compare performance to traditional MSW LF• Communicate findings
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22
V44 V45 V46 V47 V48 V49
V64 V65
V50 V51 V52
V66
V53
V67
V23 V24
V54
V68
V25 V26
V55
V27 V28
V56
V69
V29 V30
V57
V31 V32
V58
V71V72
V33 V34
V59
V35 V36
V60
V37 V38
V61
V39 V40
V62
V41 V42
V43
V70 V73
V80
V81 V82 V83 V84 V85 V86
V74 V76
V63
V75V77
2° NIVEAUCONDUITE
VANNE
V58
2° NIVEAUCONDUITE
3° NIVEAUCONDUITE
PEHD DR-11)(existante 150Ø
REFOULEMENTCONDUITE DE
1002
VANNES
V1
V21° NIVEAUCONDUITE
VUE EN PLAN
28
LOCALISATION DES CONDUITESDE RECIRCULATION DU LIXIVIAT
1er, 2ième ET 3ième NIVEAU
BOUCHON
LÉGENDE
DEUXIÈME NIVEAU
PERFORÉE
CONDUITE DE LIXIVIAT
VANNE À POSER
NON PERFORÉEPREMIER NIVEAU
CONDUITE DE LIXIVIATPREMIER NIVEAU
NON PERFORÉE
NON PERFORÉE
CONDUITE DE LIXIVIAT
CONDUITE DE LIXIVIATDEUXIÈME NIVEAUPERFORÉE
CONDUITE DE LIXIVIATTROISIÈME NIVEAU
TROISIÈME NIVEAUPERFORÉE
COURBE DE NIVEAU DURECOUVREMENT FINAL
CONDUITE DE LIXIVIAT
LIMITE DU SITE
TABLEAU DES COORDONNEES
1006
1005
1003
1004
1002
1001
LIGNE DE CONSTRUCTION
VALORISABLESBIORÉACTEUR DE MATIÈRES
L.E.S. DE STE-SOPHIE
STE-SOPHIE LANDFILL
ELEVATION VIEW
J.S.
NOV. 2001
01-860
SETTLEMENT PLATE
WASTE
PLAN VIEW
K.D.
WASTE SURVEY
Phase APhase BPhase C
4 de 4
September 10, 2002 J.S.
NOTED
A
C
B
A-T 2B
A-T3A
A-T0D
A-T0C,6"
A-T0D,6"
C
B
A
A-T0C
A-T1BA-T1A
A-T0BA-T0A
B-T1B
Recirculation &
Gas collection trench
Buried Valve and Cleanout, Gas Wellhead
Liquid Recirculation
• May 10 to Sept 30 = 8.1 million gallons– 260 gpm, 20k to 170k gpd
• One connected pair each day.
• Recirculation target = (2 x trench gravel void space) = 56 gal / ft
• Added 20 to 33 gallons / ton (average)
Leachate Monitoring
• Daily flow recirculated & volume collected• Head on Liner - continuous• Surface observations for seeps (one 1st day)• Monthly samples - each phase LCS & recirculation
manhole– Field: pH, specific cond, temperature– Lab: BOD, COD, heavy metals, ammonia,
nitrite, nitrate, sulfate, phosphates, chloride, potassium, volatile organic acids
Sainte Sophie BioreactorWeekly Volumes Collected & Recirculated - Phase A
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
5/4/02 5/24/02 6/13/02 7/3/02 7/23/02 8/12/02 9/1/02 9/21/02 10/11/02 10/31/02
date
Wee
kly
Lea
chat
e V
olu
me
(m3 )
Collected from Phase A
Recirculated into Phase A
Head-on-liner sensors &
thermistors in the waste
(min, max, avgrecorded daily)
Sainte Sophie Bioreactor Area AHead on Liner Sensors
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
5/1/02
6/1/02
7/1/02
8/1/02
9/1/02
Date
Liq
uid
Dep
th o
n L
iner
, cm
B2 B4 A3
B3 A4 A2
Began Leachate Recirculation
Sainte Sophie Bioreactor Area A - Lift 1 Temperature Sensors( sensor elev 73.5m ) ( 5.3m over liner, 12 m waste above )
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
Mar-01
Apr-01
May-01
Jun-01
Jul-01
Aug-01
Sep-01
Oct-01
Nov-01
Dec-01
Jan-02
Feb-02
Mar-02
Apr-02
May-02
Jun-02
Jul-02
Aug-02
Sep-02
Oct-02
Date
Tem
per
atu
re, C
A311 A312A313 B211B212 B213Air Temp
Began Leachate Recirculation
Gas Flow & Quality
• Weekly readings at wellheads & header– Flow, Temp, CH4 CO2 N2 O2
• Surface observations for venting
• Quarterly Gas samples– NMOCs & VOCs (HAPs)
Settlement Plates and Cells
Surveyed monthly
Settlement Monitoring
Ste-Sophie landfill - Part ALift thickness vs time
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0F
eb-0
1
Mar
-01
Apr
-01
May
-01
Jun-
01
Jul-0
1
Aug
-01
Sep
-01
Oct
-01
Nov
-01
Dec
-01
Jan-
02
Feb
-02
Mar
-02
Apr
-02
May
-02
Jun-
02
Jul-0
2
Aug
-02
Sep
-02
Oct
-02
Survey date
Lift
thic
knes
s (m
)lift 1 lift 2 lift 3
Began Leachate Recirculation
Ste-Sophie landfill - Part ALift compression vs time
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40F
eb-0
1
Mar
-01
Apr
-01
May
-01
Jun-
01
Jul-0
1
Aug
-01
Sep
-01
Oct
-01
Nov
-01
Dec
-01
Jan-
02
Feb
-02
Mar
-02
Apr
-02
May
-02
Jun-
02
Jul-0
2
Aug
-02
Sep
-02
Oct
-02
Survey date
Lif
t co
mp
ress
ion
(%)
lift 1 lift 2 lift 3
Began Leachate Recirculation
Sainte Sophie Landfill - Bioreactor Phase AWaste Density
1,500
1,550
1,600
1,650
1,700
1,750
1,800
Feb-
01
Mar
-01
Apr
-01
May
-01
Jun-
01
Jul-0
1
Aug
-01
Sep
-01
Oct
-01
Nov
-01
Dec
-01
Jan-
02
Feb-
02
Mar
-02
Apr
-02
May
-02
Jun-
02
Jul-0
2
Aug
-02
Sep
-02
Oct
-02
Survey date
Was
te D
ensi
ty (p
ound
s / y
ds3 )
Lift 3 Surfaceto Base
Began Leachate Recirculation
Waste Moisture Content
• 15 TDRs at 4 levels, datalogger• volumetric moisture converted to wet
wt. basis• Initial readings = 21 to 31%• Plan to:
– Compare TDR to samples w% – Compare TDR to balance w%– Plot waste density vs. w%– Plot gas flow vs. w%
DAILY AGGREGATE WASTE COMPOSITIONMAY 6-9, 2002
(Based on Manual Sort, Visual Inspection and Scale House Data)
Paper25%
Plastics11%
Food Waste15%
Other Organics12%
Ferrous Metals4%
Non-Ferrous Metals1%
Glass2%
Wood11%
Inert3%
Yard Waste7%
Contaminated Soils7%
Other Special2%
Organic Indicators
Cellulose, Hemi, Lignin for 19 waste components
ORG: Food, wood, yard, other org, paper (9 types)
InORG: Plastics, Fe metals, non-Fe, glass, inert, special (soil)
Estimate for Total Bioreactor (by dry weight)
• cellulose 22% hemi 6% lignin 11%
Operation & Monitoring of a Bioreactor Landfill
in Sainte Sophie, Quebec
Second Intercontinental Landfill Research SymposiumAsheville, NCOctober 2002
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