Operating Systems
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
• Types of OS• Manufacturers and Families of Operating Systems• What Does an Operating System Do for the User?• Memory Management \ Process Management.• OS Interfacing with Users• OS Interfacing with Hardware• OS Saving Data• OS Provides a Platform for Software Applications.• OS Ability to Configure and Customise
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
Operating Systems – Lesson 7
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
OS basicsAn operating system is the core software that allows the computer to run as a useful device.
The OS connects up the hardware in a computer.
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
OS basics- What does an OS do? Page 54
1. Managing installed applications
2. Managing inputs and Outputs (known as I/O)
3. Manage Memory
4. Manage the Central Processing Unit
5. Manage Storage
User
Application
Operating System
Hardware
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
OS basics Page 55GUI = Graphical User Interface User Friendly, WIMP (window, icon, menu, pointing) Interface. High System Requirements
CLI = Command Line Interface Powerful but Require Knowledge, Learn Commands. Low System . Low System Requirements
An OS will only work with a certain line of CPUs and architecture which share a common instruction set. Remember to check 64 or 32bit when purchasing a Operating system
Microsoft Windows OS work with the 32 and 64 CPUs. Apple MAC OS used to work only with Motorola CPUs but have now migrated to Intel CPUs.
Operating System (OS) Compatibility:
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
OS basics Page 55The kernel is responsible for
1) Loading and Unloading applications from memory
2) Scheduling task to run on the CPU
3) File Management
4) Data Security
The kernel connects the system hardware to the
application software.
User
Application
Operating System
Hardware
Kernel
Kernel
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
OS basics – Roles
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
OS basics - Memory management Memory management ensures that each
process has memory needed to execute
This includes system RAM, virtual memory
and CPU cache
Memory management will constantly
monitor system memory.
· It will place jobs that need processing into
memory
· Check any free space made after jobs
have been completed which can then be
filled by new jobs.
Memory management will also make sure
that memory doesn't get stolen by wayward
applications
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
OS basics - Process manager
Process manager organises the Central
Processing Unit (CPU)
It manages each job in memory and places
them into CPU process queue
Once each job is processed the next
queued job is processed and so on.
The process manager will make sure that
jobs are organised and processed in order.
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
OS basics - Device managerInput/Output
The Device manager interfaces with the
computer hardware. It manages each
device installed taking their request for
processing and handing them over to the
process manager. Sometimes they need
instant processing. These are called
interrupt requests. They are given top
priority and moved into the start of the
process queue.
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
OS basics - Device managerInput/Output
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
OS basics – File Manager
The file manager organises files stored on
the hard drive. It scans all files and see
what they requires. exe files will launch and
install. txt files will need to launch an
application to view and edit them
It sets permission on these files. Read
allows users to read but not modify the file.
Write allows users to read and edit the file
and finally execute launches installations.
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
OS basics – File Systems
We have a book shelf.
We buy the complete series
of Harry Potter. 7 books in
total of various physical
seizes.
They are placed anywhere we
have room for them in our
shelf.
We need to get access to the
books, we need to keep a
system showing where they
are.
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
OS basics – File Systems
Like Harry Potter in our book shelf, files on a
hard drive could be spread out across many
clusters.
A File system is a way to control how
information is stored and retrieved
It describes where one piece of data starts and
ends
Which file system a system uses depends on
what it has been formatted in.
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
OS basics Page 56FAT16 \ FAT32 File System (File Allocation
Table)
FAT16 = 8.3 Naming Convention =
WILTSCO~1.DOC
FAT32 = Long Filenames = Wiltscoll.doc
Native for Legacy Home Operating Systems:
Win 3x, Win 95, Win 98, Win Me.
Floppy Disks.
USB Pen Drives (Under 4gB)
NTFS File System (New Technology File System)
Native for Current Home and Business Operating
Systems:
Win NT, Win 2K, Win XP, Win Server 2008, Win Vista,
Win 7, Win 8, Win Server 2012
USB Pen Drives (Over 4gB)
ReFS (Resilient File System)
Native for Latest Home and Business Operating
Systems:
Win 8, Win 8.1, Win Server 2012
ReFS Features
Storage Spaces – Pool HDD Space
Integrity, Availability, Scalability, App Compatibility,
ProActive Error Identification.
Features the same as NTFS – BitLocker Encryption,
ACLs for Security, USN Journal, Symbolic Links,
Junction Points, Mount Points, Reparse Points, Volume
Snapshots, File IDs, Oplocks, Change Notifications.
BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT UsersLecturer: Owen Funnell
Types of Operating Systems
Real-time operating system
Single-user, single taskSingle-user, multi-tasking
Multi-user
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