Basic Medical Terminologies
•Medial , Lateral, Median •Transverse , longitudinal•Ventral/ Anterior , Dorsal/ Posterior
•Cephalad / Superior , Caudad/ Inferior
•Proximal, Distal
Heart Anatomy
Brachiocephalic Trunk
Left Common Carotid Artery
Left Subclavian Artery
Right Coronary Artery
Left Coronary Artery
Left Anterior Descending Artery
Circumflex Branch
Right= Anterior , Left = Posterior
Function of Heart: Salient Features
•Blood flows in series•Atria : reservoir , Ventricles: pump•Two atria as one, Two ventricles as one•Valves prevent regurgitation•RV dispensable
•Handles blood but cannot use it DIRECTLY•Receives its ‘pay’ through coronary arteries•Blood Supply = Work = BP X HR
Coronary Circulation Facts
•250ml blood per minute•Extracts all oxygen even at rest•Myocardium can not store oxygen
•Hence Increase in Demand = increase in supply
Position: LAD,D – anterior; PD, PLV – Inferior; OM – PosteriorNon accessible : LM, LCx, S , intramyocardial vessels
Terminologies•Ischemia•Angina•Infarction•Arteriosclerosis / Atherosclerosis•Risk factors•% stenosis , critical/ sub total / total•Proximal block• ---- Equivalent : angina , LM
Atherosclerosis
•Generalised , affects all vessels •proximal vessels>> distal vessels•Cause: not known , risk factors :
known •Surgery treats blocks not the
disease
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