Online – animated web site
http://www.sciencegeek.net/Biology/review/U5Storyboard.htm
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Take notes here
Summary – one summary at the end
Questions
“Cornell Style”
Chapter 12
DNA
Function of DNA: Stores genetic information.Tells a cell what to do.“instructions”, “directions”, “recipe”
Structure: Double helix made of nucleotides
Nucleotide made of 3 parts.1. 5-carbon sugar (Deoxyribose)2. Phosphate group
3. Base
DNA replication
C AT GC A AG G
CGG A C TTT C
one strand acts as template for a new one
C GATDNA nucleotides
DNA replication
C AT GC A AG G
CGG A C TTT C
one strand acts as template for a new one
G G
C C
covalent bond formedcatalyzed by DNA polymerase
DNA replication
C AT GC A AG G
CGG A C TTT C
one strand acts as template for a new one
G AG C
C TC G
DNA replication
C AT GC A AG G
CGG A C TTT C
one strand acts as template for a new one
G A TG C
C T AC G
DNA replication
C AT GC A AG G
CGG A C TTT C
one strand acts as template for a new one
G A TG C T
C T AC G A
DNA replication
C AT GC A AG G
CGG A C TTT C
one strand acts as template for a new one
G A TG C T C
C T AC G A G
DNA replication
C AT GC A AG G
CGG A C TTT C
one strand acts as template for a new one
G A TG C T TC
C T AC G A AG
DNA replication
C AT GC A AG G
CGG A C TTT C
one strand acts as template for a new one
G A TG C T T CC
C T AC G A A GG
DNA replication
C AT GC A AG G
CGG A C TTT C
“semiconservative” replication
G A TG C T T CC
C T AC G A A GG
old strand
old strand
new strand
new strand
RNA
Function: To move genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Structure: Made of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base)
3 Types of RNA1. “messenger” mRNA – transcribes DNA’s
message2. “ribosomal” rRNA – translates the mRNA3. “transfer” tRNA – carries amino acids
Difference between RNA & DNA
1. The sugar is Ribose in RNA
2. RNA is single stranded
3. RNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine
(Protein Synthesis)1. mRNA is transcribed from DNA
2. mRNA leaves nucleus
3. mRNA travels to a ribosome
4. the ribosome (rRNA) translates the mRNA
5. tRNA brings the correct amino acid
6. the amino acids link together to form a protein
“To Make”
1stBase
the genetic code
2nd Base
3rdBase
U C A G
phenylalanine
phenylalanine
leucineleucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
methionine
valinevaline
valine
valine
serine
serine
serine
serine
proline
proline
proline
proline
threonine
threonine
threonine
threonine
alaninealanine
alanine
alanine
tyrosine
tyrosine
STOP
STOP
histidine
histidine
glutamine
glutamine
asparagine
asparagine
lysine
lysine
aspartateaspartate
glutamate
glutamate
cysteine
cysteine
STOP
tryptophan
U
C
A
G
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
serine
serine
glycineglycine
glycine
glycine
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
1stBase
the genetic code
2nd Base
3rdBase
U C A G
phenylalanine
phenylalanine
leucineleucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
methionine
valinevaline
valine
valine
serine
serine
serine
serine
proline
proline
proline
proline
threonine
threonine
threonine
threonine
alaninealanine
alanine
alanine
tyrosine
tyrosine
STOP
STOP
histidine
histidine
glutamine
glutamine
asparagine
asparagine
lysine
lysine
aspartateaspartate
glutamate
glutamate
cysteine
cysteine
STOP
tryptophan
U
C
A
G
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
serine
serine
glycineglycine
glycine
glycine
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
1stBase
the genetic code
2nd Base
3rdBase
U C A G
phenylalanine
phenylalanine
leucineleucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
methionine
valinevaline
valine
valine
serine
serine
serine
serine
proline
proline
proline
proline
threonine
threonine
threonine
threonine
alaninealanine
alanine
alanine
tyrosine
tyrosine
STOP
STOP
histidine
histidine
glutamine
glutamine
asparagine
asparagine
lysine
lysine
aspartateaspartate
glutamate
glutamate
cysteine
cysteine
STOP
tryptophan
U
C
A
G
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
serine
serine
glycineglycine
glycine
glycine
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
1stBase
the genetic code
2nd Base
3rdBase
U C A G
phenylalanine
phenylalanine
leucineleucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
methionine
valinevaline
valine
valine
serine
serine
serine
serine
proline
proline
proline
proline
threonine
threonine
threonine
threonine
alaninealanine
alanine
alanine
tyrosine
tyrosine
STOP
STOP
histidine
histidine
glutamine
glutamine
asparagine
asparagine
lysine
lysine
aspartateaspartate
glutamate
glutamate
cysteine
cysteine
STOP
tryptophan
U
C
A
G
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
serine
serine
glycineglycine
glycine
glycine
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
1stBase
the genetic code
2nd Base
3rdBase
U C A G
phenylalanine
phenylalanine
leucineleucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
methionine
valinevaline
valine
valine
serine
serine
serine
serine
proline
proline
proline
proline
threonine
threonine
threonine
threonine
alaninealanine
alanine
alanine
tyrosine
tyrosine
STOP
STOP
histidine
histidine
glutamine
glutamine
asparagine
asparagine
lysine
lysine
aspartateaspartate
glutamate
glutamate
cysteine
cysteine
STOP
tryptophan
U
C
A
G
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
serine
serine
glycineglycine
glycine
glycine
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
1stBase
the genetic code
2nd Base
3rdBase
U C A G
phenylalanine
phenylalanine
leucineleucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
methionine
valinevaline
valine
valine
serine
serine
serine
serine
proline
proline
proline
proline
threonine
threonine
threonine
threonine
alaninealanine
alanine
alanine
tyrosine
tyrosine
STOP
STOP
histidine
histidine
glutamine
glutamine
asparagine
asparagine
lysine
lysine
aspartateaspartate
glutamate
glutamate
cysteine
cysteine
STOP
tryptophan
U
C
A
G
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
serine
serine
glycineglycine
glycine
glycine
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
1stBase
the genetic code
2nd Base
3rdBase
U C A G
phenylalanine
phenylalanine
leucineleucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
methionine
valinevaline
valine
valine
serine
serine
serine
serine
proline
proline
proline
proline
threonine
threonine
threonine
threonine
alaninealanine
alanine
alanine
tyrosine
tyrosine
STOP
STOP
histidine
histidine
glutamine
glutamine
asparagine
asparagine
lysine
lysine
aspartateaspartate
glutamate
glutamate
cysteine
cysteine
STOP
tryptophan
U
C
A
G
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
serine
serine
glycineglycine
glycine
glycine
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
1stBase
the genetic code
2nd Base
3rdBase
U C A G
phenylalanine
phenylalanine
leucineleucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
methionine
valinevaline
valine
valine
serine
serine
serine
serine
proline
proline
proline
proline
threonine
threonine
threonine
threonine
alaninealanine
alanine
alanine
tyrosine
tyrosine
STOP
STOP
histidine
histidine
glutamine
glutamine
asparagine
asparagine
lysine
lysine
aspartateaspartate
glutamate
glutamate
cysteine
cysteine
STOP
tryptophan
U
C
A
G
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
serine
serine
glycineglycine
glycine
glycine
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
1stBase
the genetic code
2nd Base
3rdBase
U C A G
phenylalanine
phenylalanine
leucineleucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
methionine
valinevaline
valine
valine
serine
serine
serine
serine
proline
proline
proline
proline
threonine
threonine
threonine
threonine
alaninealanine
alanine
alanine
tyrosine
tyrosine
STOP
STOP
histidine
histidine
glutamine
glutamine
asparagine
asparagine
lysine
lysine
aspartateaspartate
glutamate
glutamate
cysteine
cysteine
STOP
tryptophan
U
C
A
G
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
serine
serine
glycineglycine
glycine
glycine
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
1stBase
the genetic code
2nd Base
3rdBase
U C A G
phenylalanine
phenylalanine
leucineleucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
methionine
valinevaline
valine
valine
serine
serine
serine
serine
proline
proline
proline
proline
threonine
threonine
threonine
threonine
alaninealanine
alanine
alanine
tyrosine
tyrosine
STOP
STOP
histidine
histidine
glutamine
glutamine
asparagine
asparagine
lysine
lysine
aspartateaspartate
glutamate
glutamate
cysteine
cysteine
STOP
tryptophan
U
C
A
G
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
serine
serine
glycineglycine
glycine
glycine
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
1stBase
the genetic code
2nd Base
3rdBase
U C A G
phenylalanine
phenylalanine
leucineleucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
methionine
valinevaline
valine
valine
serine
serine
serine
serine
proline
proline
proline
proline
threonine
threonine
threonine
threonine
alaninealanine
alanine
alanine
tyrosine
tyrosine
STOP
STOP
histidine
histidine
glutamine
glutamine
asparagine
asparagine
lysine
lysine
aspartateaspartate
glutamate
glutamate
cysteine
cysteine
STOP
tryptophan
U
C
A
G
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
serine
serine
glycineglycine
glycine
glycine
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
A
G
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