Download - Objectives Define socialization. List the agents of socialization. Evaluate the functions and roles of socializing agents. Trace how socialization is a.

Objectives

Define socialization. List the agents of socialization. Evaluate the functions and roles of socializing

agents. Trace how socialization is a life long process.

SocializationSocialization

Acquiring culture, forming your Acquiring culture, forming your personality and personal identity personality and personal identity through NURTURE through NURTURE

Agents of SocializationAgents of Socialization

Agents of Socialization – persons, groups, or Agents of Socialization – persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society.in order to participate in society.

Family – primary agent of socialization.Family – primary agent of socialization. • Family experiences give us our basic sense of identity, Family experiences give us our basic sense of identity,

values, norms and beliefs.values, norms and beliefs.• Families give children their geographic location and Families give children their geographic location and

urban or rural background as well as social class, race, urban or rural background as well as social class, race, religion and ethnic group.religion and ethnic group.

Agents of SocializationAgents of Socialization Schools serve two purposes in the socialization Schools serve two purposes in the socialization

process:process:• Manifest Functions – the intended purpose of formal Manifest Functions – the intended purpose of formal

education is to transmit the appropriate skills and values education is to transmit the appropriate skills and values for earning a living and being a for earning a living and being a ““good citizen.good citizen.””

• Latent Functions – schooling also exposes students to Latent Functions – schooling also exposes students to new attitudes, values, and points of view; teaches them new attitudes, values, and points of view; teaches them that the same rules apply to everyone, and that there are that the same rules apply to everyone, and that there are lasting consequences for violating those rules.lasting consequences for violating those rules.

• Hidden Curriculum – schools teach competition, Hidden Curriculum – schools teach competition, discipline, cooperation, order, and obedience; this is the discipline, cooperation, order, and obedience; this is the key to success in a society dominated by large key to success in a society dominated by large organizations.organizations.

Agents of SocializationAgents of Socialization Peer Groups – people linked by common Peer Groups – people linked by common

interests, equal social position, and similar interests, equal social position, and similar age; have a great deal of power over age; have a great deal of power over members.members.

• Peer groups are the only agent of socialization not Peer groups are the only agent of socialization not dominated by adults.dominated by adults.

• Children experiment with new ways of thinking, feeling, Children experiment with new ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.and behaving.

• Independence and self-sufficiency are promoted.Independence and self-sufficiency are promoted.• Interaction with different types of people Interaction with different types of people social social

flexibility.flexibility.• Influence of peer groups Influence of peer groups ““peer pressurepeer pressure””


Mass Media – forms of communication directed Mass Media – forms of communication directed to large audiences, and includes TV, radio, to large audiences, and includes TV, radio, newspapers, and magazines; it entertains us newspapers, and magazines; it entertains us and shapes our attitudes and values.and shapes our attitudes and values.

Mass media bombards youth with advertising Mass media bombards youth with advertising while socializing other age groups to the music while socializing other age groups to the music and style of the youth subculture.and style of the youth subculture.

Many have become concerned about the Many have become concerned about the content of what children are exposed to via content of what children are exposed to via mass media.mass media.


The Work PlaceThe Work Place Like peer groups, we form friendships at work that Like peer groups, we form friendships at work that

teach us a perspective on the world as well on work.teach us a perspective on the world as well on work.Career socialization involves 4 phasesCareer socialization involves 4 phases1.1. Career Choice – selecting and preparing for a career.Career Choice – selecting and preparing for a career.2.2. Anticipatory Socialization – process of mentally Anticipatory Socialization – process of mentally

rehearsing a role before assuming the role.rehearsing a role before assuming the role.3.3. Condition and Commitment – going to work, Condition and Commitment – going to work,

experiencing dull and unpleasant tasks associated with experiencing dull and unpleasant tasks associated with a job, yet committing to that occupation.a job, yet committing to that occupation.

4.4. Continuing Commitment – sticking with the job in spite Continuing Commitment – sticking with the job in spite of difficulties or alternatives that may arise.of difficulties or alternatives that may arise.

Types of SocializationTypes of Socialization

Natural Natural Socialization-Socialization-children explore, children explore, play, discover play, discover social world social world around themaround them

Planned Planned Socialization-Socialization-people people teaching/training teaching/training othersothers


Positive Positive Socialization-Socialization-learning based learning based pleasurable social pleasurable social experiencesexperiences

Negative Negative Socialization-Socialization-learning based on learning based on punishment/criticispunishment/criticism/anger (m/anger (““being being taught a lessontaught a lesson””))


Primary Socialization-children learning Primary Socialization-children learning appropriate attitudes/values/actions for their appropriate attitudes/values/actions for their culture (cultural assimilation/enculturation)culture (cultural assimilation/enculturation)

Secondary Socialization-learning what is Secondary Socialization-learning what is appropriate behavior for a smaller group in appropriate behavior for a smaller group in society (job, school)society (job, school)

Developmental Socialization-developing Developmental Socialization-developing oneone’’s social skillss social skills

Anticipatory Socialization-rehearsing for Anticipatory Socialization-rehearsing for future positions/jobs/relationshipsfuture positions/jobs/relationships


Resocialization-discarding former Resocialization-discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of life transitions (joining military, as part of life transitions (joining military, converting religions, cults, gangs)converting religions, cults, gangs)


Organizational Socialization-Organizational Socialization-employees learn knowledge and employees learn knowledge and skills for job roleskills for job role


Gender Socialization-learning Gender Socialization-learning culturally defined gender rolesculturally defined gender roles


Racial Socialization-children learning Racial Socialization-children learning behaviors/perceptions/values/attitudes of behaviors/perceptions/values/attitudes of an ethnic group and see themselves and an ethnic group and see themselves and others as members of that groupothers as members of that group