Nouns Name a person, place, thing, or idea. There are two
types: Common & Proper The first letter of a proper noun is
capitalized because it names a specific person, place, thing,
idea
Slide 2
Pronouns replace a noun Every pronoun needs a clear antecedent,
and the pronoun must agree with its antecedent. Commonly used
pronouns are: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, your, yours, our,
ours, mine, me, my, us, them, his, her, hers, their, theirs,
its
Slide 3
Demonstrative: This, that, these, those Interrogative: who,
whom, whose, which, what Indefinite: Any, another, anybody, anyone,
anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither,
no one, one, someone, both, few, many, several, some, none, all,
most *Remember, to function as a pronoun, a word must be replacing
another.
Slide 4
Identify the pronoun & its antecedent 1. All of these
computers have their drawbacks. 2. People trying to reduce their
salt intake should avoid canned foods. 3. At the mens bowling
tournament, one of the bowlers hurt his ankle. 4. Mr. Mass told the
students Anyone looking for a book can take one from this pile. 5.
Jill told Matt that she had to get more sleep. 6. You need to get a
new notebook, Kate told Jenny. Fill in the pronoun that agrees with
the antecedent 1.Anyone can get __ name in the news. 2.None of the
checks were cashed;___ finally expired. 3. A person should insure
____ valuables. 4. The code breakers shared ___ secrets. 5. San
Diego and San Jose get ___ names from Spanish. 6. Either Eleanor
Roosevelt or Ellen Wilson is believed to have covered for ___
husband during presidential emergencies.
Slide 5
Verbs show action or state of being. Action Verbs can have
helping (or auxiliary) verbs to help denote tense. Linking verbs
connect the subject to a word that modifies or renames it. Common
linking verbs are: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, seems,
appears, looks When unsure if a verb is an action or linking verb,
replace the complete verb with is or are. If the meaning remains
the same, it is a linking verb. Katie appeared ill. Katie appeared
out of thin air.
Slide 6
As we have already discussed, adjectives modify nouns and
pronouns Adjectives answer the questions: What kind?, which one?,
how many?, or how much? Generally, adjectives come before the nouns
or pronouns that they modify, but at times, they can come after.
There are also words that appear to be pronouns, but function as
adjectives, such as this, that, these, those, my, your, his, its,
our, theirs, what, which, whose. So, one must determine how the
word is functioning in a sentence.
Slide 7
as we have already discussed, adverbs modify verbs, adverbs,
and adjectives Often times, adverbs are formed by adding an ly
ending to an adjective. Adverbs answer the questions: Where?, In
what way?, When?, or To what extent? Many prepositions can function
as adverbs. One must remember that all prepositions must have an
object, if it does not it is an adverb.
Slide 8
A preposition shows a relationship between its object and other
words in a sentence. The preposition may be in the form of one word
(at, by, in, on, etc.) or in the form of a phrase that functions as
a unit (in front of, by way of, etc.). Some of the relationships
that prepositions express are place or position, time, manner,
direction, and agent. Once a prepositional phrase is formed, it
acts as either an adverb or adjective to modify another word in the
sentence.
Slide 9
John came out of the house and went to the store. He went in
and bought a box of chocolate chip cookies. The cookies were hard
and bland, so John decided to make some homemade cookies. The new
cookies were so chocolaty and melted in Johns mouth.
Slide 10
Conjunctions, unlike prepositions that show relationships
between words, make direct connections between words. There are
three kinds of conjunctions: Coordinating, correlative, and
subordinating. Three types of conjunctions are Coordinating
conjunctions connect similar words or groups of words. The seven
coordinating conjunctions are and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet.
Correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs and connect
similar words or groups of words. The correlative conjunctions are
both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also,
whether...or. Subordinating conjunctions connect two complete ideas
by making one of the ideas subordinate, or less important than, the
other. Frequently used subordinating conjunctions are after,
although, as, as if, as long as, as though, because, before, even
if, even though, if, in order that, now that, since, so that, than,
though, till, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, and
while.
Slide 11
Since we couldnt go swimming, we watched a movie. It will rain
as it is dark and cloudy. Although he knew it was difficult, he
still tried. She wouldnt cry unless she was hurt Whether or not I
am going, it is none of your business. I have prepared for the
test, so I should do well. Jean recycled not only consistently but
also carefully. Kim and Jane are going to the concert, but Joey
cannot.
Slide 12
Because many words can be used as conjunctions, prepositions,
or adverbs, students must determine how the word is used in a
sentence to determine its part of speech.
Slide 13
An interjection is a word that expresses a feeling or emotion
and functions independently in a sentence. Examples of
interjections are Oh no, alas, hey, ouch, wow. Interjections are
seldom used in formal writing. Examples: Ouch! I am never going to
give blood again. I wanted to do well on this test, but alas, I
failed.
Slide 14
Verbals: A generic term for words that look like verbs, but
function as another part of speech Participles: look like verbs,
but function as an adjective Gerunds: Has an ing ending like a
verb, but functions as a noun Infinitives: to+ a verb and is used
as a noun or a modifier
Slide 15
Playing baseball at Yankee Stadium was Matts ultimate fantasy.
Jim's confusing message did nothing to solve the mystery. To dance
on stage in New York is my only dream. The politician's broken
promises were all that the voters remembered. I always seem to
forget my purse after lunch. Playing the tuba made Orin feel as if
his world was perfect. Brenda seemed surprised with the team's
decision to withdraw.
Slide 16
What questions do adjectives answer? What questions do adverbs
answer? What are the three types of conjunctions? What does each
do? What are the two most important thing to remember about
pronouns? What does a preposition need to be a preposition? What is
the trick to use if you are unsure if a verb is action or linking
What part of speech is never used in formal writing? What jobs do
prepositional phrases perform? What is a verbal? What are the three
kinds of verbals and what does each do?
Slide 17
Identify the pronoun and its antecedent Playing the tuba made
Orin feel as if his world was perfect. The players on the team were
happy because they won. One of the students forgot his music.
There, in the corner, sat the students waiting for their parents.
Fill in the appropriate pronoun. Each of the boys remembered that
___ had a test today. Neither Mike nor James got ___ paper signed
Everyone in the class earned a 90 on ____ test. All of you must
pass the senior project because the state mandates it, Mr. Forgione
told the students.
Slide 18
Identify the part of speech for each word. Caring for a pet is
fun, but it is very hard work. One of the students from each row
should quickly pass out the books.