Introduction to NFE-GIS trial development in Myanmar LRCIntroduction to NFEIntroduction to NFE--GIS trial GIS trial development in Myanmar LRCdevelopment in Myanmar LRC
Capacity Building Workshop for Literacy Resource Capacity Building Workshop for Literacy Resource CentresCentres for for Girls and Women (LRC) in Asia and the Pacific Girls and Women (LRC) in Asia and the Pacific
( 2001 CBW , 13 ( 2001 CBW , 13 –– 24 February 2001, 24 February 2001, KathmanduKathmandu, Nepal ), Nepal )
Presented by U THEIN HTUT Presented by U THEIN HTUT GEOCOMP MYANMAR ENGINEERING AND SURVEY AUTOMATION BUREAU SERVICEGEOCOMP MYANMAR ENGINEERING AND SURVEY AUTOMATION BUREAU SERVICESS
NFE-GIS ?This presentation will highlight
NFENFE--GIS ?GIS ?This presentation will highlightThis presentation will highlight
I. Introduction to the merit and potential of GIS along with examples
II. Benefit of using GIS for improvement of NFE programmes
III. Steps of GIS development
Introduction to merit and potential of‘ G I S ‘
Introduction to merit and potential ofIntroduction to merit and potential of‘‘ G I S G I S ‘‘
What is G I S ?What is G I S ?What is G I S ?
GIS is a tool that helps users analyze and integrate unprecedented amounts of information to facilitate visualization of the landscape (features) and to perform sophisticated geographic analysis.
GIS provides a computer-based method to collect, store, analyze, and display geographically referenced information in layers (themes), in the form of a map.
What is GIS ?What is GIS ?What is GIS ?
• A method tovisualize, manipulate, analyze, and display spatial data
• “Smart Maps”linking a database to the map
GIS
MAPPING/SPATIALANALYSIS
TABULARATTRIBUTEDATABASE
THEMATIC MAPPINGTHEMATIC MAPPING
ID X1 X2 X3 X4A 1 2 1 4B 2 7 5 1C 6 1 3 1D 5 2 4 3E 1 3 3 1
DATAFILE
BOUNDARYFILEE
A
B
D
C
Components of a GIS include more than just computer technology. A GIS is an integrated system of users, data, hardware, and software. Data tend to be at the center of any GIS system, while the computer components of the system support data management and analysis.
Components of GISComponents of GISComponents of GIS
GIS is an integral system of computer software, hardware and data, and personnel to help manipulate, analyze and present information that is tied to a spatial location –
• spatial location – usually a geographic location• information – visualization of analysis of data• system – linking software, hardware, data• personnel – a thinking explorer who is key to
the power of GIS
GIS is GISGIS is is
All data in a GIS are either spatial data or attribute data. Spatial data tells us where something occurs. Attribute datatells what occurs; it tells us the nature or characteristics of the spatial data.
Data in GIS Data in GIS Data in GIS
Data in GIS Data in GIS Data in GIS
• Location Data – Where – What Kind – How Many
• Scale of Data– Local to Global
• Data Presentation– Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, or MapsExploring data using GIS turns data into
information into knowledge
Data For GIS ApplicationsData For GIS ApplicationsData For GIS Applications
• Databases – Tables of data– Data collection instrument / form– Collected by data collector
• Digitized and Scanned Maps– purchased, donated, free (Internet)– created by user
Data are stored in Database“Not Easy to Interpret”
Data are stored in Database“Not Easy to Interpret”
Turning Data Into (visual) Information“Worth a Thousand Words”
Turning Data Into (visual) Information“Worth a Thousand Words”
“Spatial Analysis” – not just a map
GIS – DatabasesGIS – Databases
PointsLinesPolygonsAnnotations
CoordinatesSymbolsPixels
GRAPHIC
GIS – DatabasesGIS – Databases
■■ GIS Databases exist as GRAPHIC ELEMENTS and GIS Databases exist as GRAPHIC ELEMENTS and NONGRAPHIC DATANONGRAPHIC DATA
PointsLinesPolygonsAnnotations
CoordinatesSymbolsPixels
AttributesGeocodesIndexesSpatial Data
StringNumericLogicalDatabases
GRAPHIC NONGRAPHIC
GIS presentsGIS presents
A B C D123456789
10111213141516171819202122232425
Nongraphic(Databases)Graphic (objects)
Points
Lines
Polygons
Linking Graphic and Nongraphic data Linking Graphic and Nongraphic data
Size Value
1 2,500 100,000
2 3,000 200,000
3 1,500 80,000
4 1,000 50,000
Population
A 33,000
Pop. Count Size Value
A 33,000 4 8,000 430,000
+
=
GIS DATA DISPLAYGIS DATA DISPLAY
A1 LOAM GRASS
A2 CLAY FOREST
B1 SAND GRASS
B2 SILT FOREST
SPATIAL QUERY/ANALYSISSPATIAL QUERY/ANALYSISA1 LOAM GRASS
A2 CLAY FOREST
B1 SAND GRASS
B2 SILT FOREST
Maps and Database are “Interactive”
Maps and Database are “Interactive”
ID H1 H2 H3001002003004005006007
Flat File Database
ID H1 H2 H3001002003004005006007
Flat File
One-to-One RelationH10 H11 H12 ID
A 001B 002C 003D 004E 005
ID H1 H2 H3001002003004005006007
A relational database
ID H1 H2 H3001002003004005006007
Flat File
One-to-One Relation
Many-to-One Relation
H10 H11 H12 IDA 001B 002C 003D 004E 005
ID H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7001 A002 B003 A004 A005 B006 C007 A
H10 H11 H12 IDA 001B 002C 003D 004E 005
ID H1 H2 H3001002003004005006007
Multiple Databases can be Linked and Related
Multiple Databases can be Linked and Related
Some Ways GIS is UsedSome Ways GIS is UsedSome Ways GIS is Used•• Emergency ServicesEmergency Services –– Fire & PoliceFire & Police
•• EnvironmentalEnvironmental –– Monitoring & ModelingMonitoring & Modeling•• BusinessBusiness –– Site Location, Delivery SystemsSite Location, Delivery Systems•• IndustryIndustry –– Transportation, Communication,Transportation, Communication,
Mining, Pipelines, HealthcareMining, Pipelines, Healthcare
•• GovernmentGovernment –– Local, State, Federal, MilitaryLocal, State, Federal, Military•• EducationEducation –– Research, Teaching Tool,Research, Teaching Tool,
Literacy program AdministrationLiteracy program Administration
Wherever Spatial Data Analysis Wherever Spatial Data Analysis is Neededis Needed
Population of major citiesPopulation of major cities
Site Location and Client DistanceSite Location and Client Distance
Loma Linda Hospital FacilitiesLoma Linda Hospital Facilities
Merit of GISMerit of GISMerit of GIS
• GIS maps spatial objects as graphic features – points, lines, polygons, symbol, text
• GIS provides graphic features to tabular data (attributes) – Spatial coordinates, Symbology, Descriptive
Information• GIS links a database to map spatial information• GIS provides tools for presenting spatial data
– Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, or Maps
States ( polygons )
•GIS maps spatial objects as graphic features – points, lines, polygons, symbol, text
•GIS maps spatial objects as graphic features – points, lines, polygons, symbol, text
Roads ( lines )
Capitals ( points )Rivers ( lines )
Lakes ( polygons )
GIS provides graphic features to tabular data (attributes)– Spatial coordinates, Symbology, Descriptive InformationGIS provides graphic features to tabular data (attributes)– Spatial coordinates, Symbology, Descriptive Information
• GIS links a database to map spatial informationMaps and Database are “Interactive”
• GIS links a database to map spatial informationMaps and Database are “Interactive”
GIS provides tools for presenting spatial data– Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, or Maps
GIS provides tools for presenting spatial data– Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, or Maps
Some more merit of GISSome more merit of GISSome more merit of GIS• GIS makes static maps dynamic
– move around by pan/zoom/jump– change symbology : lines/colors/icons/fonts– show multiple information sets– turn information sets on/off
• GIS provides graphic and Boolean selection tools for making queries– Selection by graphic features– Selection by tabular features
• GIS provides variety of analytical tools for– Classify data, Compare data– Intersect / overlay / buffer graphics features
BUFFERBUFFER
POINT LINE
POLYGON
OVERLAYOVERLAY
A1 LOAM GRASS
A2 LOAM FOREST
B1 SAND GRASS
B2 SAND FOREST
A LOAM
B SAND
+
=
1 GRASS
2 FOREST
A
B
1 2
A1 A2
B1 B2
Some more merit of GISSome more merit of GISSome more merit of GIS
• GIS enhances our communication– provide common spatial data format– promote data sharing– data consistency
• GIS expands our insights– better understanding– cross-cutting thinking– better problem solving– better decision makingThus Time and money saving
II. Benefit of using GISfor improvement of NFE programmeII. Benefit of using GISII. Benefit of using GIS
for improvement of NFE programmefor improvement of NFE programme
NFE Database LRC Level data collection Forms– Form1 - Literacy facts and figures
– Form2 - Literacy classes
– Form3 – Post-literacy classes
– Form4 – Learners
– Form5 – FacilitatorsExploring above databases using GIS will turn data into indicators to assess the status of NFE programmes.
( Ref: - P141 Development of LRC EMIS - LRC Activity Report 2000 )
Basic Literacy IndicatorsLRC level
Basic Literacy IndicatorsBasic Literacy IndicatorsLRC levelLRC level
Sample output indicators from Form 1• Indicator 1: Sex ratio• Indicator 2: Dependency ratio• Indicator 3: Household size• Indicator 4: Per-capita income• Indicator 5: Number of literate population
Number of illiterate population• Indicator 6: Literatey rate• Indicator 7: Number of literacy courses (by organizers)• Indicator 8: Qualitative information on living standard,
languages,religions, community support.• Indicator 9: Information on access to formal education( Ref: - P141 Development of LRC EMIS - LRC Activity Report 2000 )
Basic Literacy IndicatorsLRC level
Basic Literacy IndicatorsBasic Literacy IndicatorsLRC levelLRC level
Sample output indicators from Form 2
• Indicator 1: Total number of classes per year• Indicator 2: Total number of learners per year by gender• Indicator 3: Total number of successful learners per year by gender• Indicator 4: Completion rate• Indicator 5: Class / facilitator ratio
Indicator 6: Learner / facilitator ratio• Indicator 7: Cost per class
Cost per pupil( Ref: - P141 Development of LRC EMIS - LRC Activity Report 2000 )
Basic Literacy IndicatorsLRC level
Basic Literacy IndicatorsBasic Literacy IndicatorsLRC levelLRC level
Sample output indicators from Form 2 & 3
• Indicator 1: Characteristics of literacy classes• Indicator 2: Characteristics of curriculum• Indicator 3: Characteristics of teaching / learning materials• Indicator 4: Characteristics of teaching / learning strategies• Indicator 5: Qualitative information on community / learner
commitmentIndicator 6: Qualitative information on monitoring and evaluation
system
( Ref: - P141 Development of LRC EMIS - LRC Activity Report 2000 )
Basic Literacy IndicatorsLRC level
Basic Literacy IndicatorsBasic Literacy IndicatorsLRC levelLRC level
Sample output indicators from Form 4
• Indicators of Characteristics of learners
Gender, age, marital status, income, educational experienceattendance, performance, social and occupational status
( Ref: - P141 Development of LRC EMIS - LRC Activity Report 2000 )
Basic Literacy IndicatorsLRC level
Basic Literacy IndicatorsBasic Literacy IndicatorsLRC levelLRC level
Sample output indicators from Form 5
• Indicators of Characteristics of facilitatorss
Gender, age, marital status, qualification and teaching experience, social and occupational status.
( Ref: - P141 Development of LRC EMIS - LRC Activity Report 2000 )
Data in GIS Data in GIS Data in GIS
• Location Data – Where – What Kind – How Many
• Scale of Data– Local to Global
• Data Presentation– Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, or Maps
Exploring data using GIS turns data into information into knowledge
Basic Literacy IndicatorsVillage Level
Basic Literacy IndicatorsBasic Literacy IndicatorsVillage Level
• Indicator 1: Percentage of income increased family• Indicator 2: Percentage of using literacy skills and usage of
frequency• Indicator 3: Percentage of families with improved lifestyle• Indicator 4: Percentage of families who used the skill training
( Ref: National workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation of Literac( Ref: National workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation of Literacy and y and CECE programmesprogrammes in Myanmar )in Myanmar )
Basic Literacy IndicatorsLearning Center Level
Basic Literacy IndicatorsBasic Literacy IndicatorsLearning Center Level
• Indicator 1: Percentage of illiterate adults (15-45) enrolled • Indicator 2: Percentage of dropout learners• Indicator 3: Percentage of completed learners• Indicator 4: Average ratio of trainers / trainees• Indicator 5: Percentage of learners who have access to teaching –
learning material• Indicator 6: Percentage of budgetted funds available and used• Indicator 7: Flexibility of training period• Indicator 8: Sufficient amount of training hours• Indicator 9: Availability of training venue• Indicator 10: Correct use of training methodology
( Ref: National workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation of Literac( Ref: National workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation of Literacy and CEy and CEprogrammesprogrammes in Myanmar )in Myanmar )
Basic Literacy IndicatorsCLC Level
Basic Literacy IndicatorsBasic Literacy IndicatorsCLC Level
• Indicator 1: Population of illiterates between ages 15 ~ 45• Indicator 2: Percentage of Targeted learners enrolled (by gender)• Indicator 3: Percentage of learners who dropout• Indicator 4: Number of instructors• Indicator 5: Number of NGO volunteers• Indicator 6: Amount of learning periods• Indicator 7: Percentage of average attendance (by gender)• Indicator 8: Facilities (stationeries, manuals) received by
implementing agency• Indicator 9: Number of meetings conducted by management• Indicator 10: Rate of completion (by level)• Indicator 11: Percentage of graduates who enter post-literacy
programmes
( Ref: National workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation of Literac( Ref: National workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation of Literacy and CEy and CEprogrammesprogrammes in Myanmar )in Myanmar )
Basic Literacy IndicatorsCLC Level
Basic Literacy IndicatorsBasic Literacy IndicatorsCLC Level
• Indicator 12: Number of learners who read newspaper, journals(educational & recreational), advertisements, etc.After completion the programme
• Indicator 13: Number of learners who know the income generation programmes
• Indicator 14: Percentage of coordination in village communitylearning centers
• Indicator 15: Skills acquired from income generation programmes
( Ref: National workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation of Literac( Ref: National workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation of Literacy and CEy and CEprogrammesprogrammes in Myanmar )in Myanmar )
Basic Literacy IndicatorsCLC Level
Basic Literacy IndicatorsBasic Literacy IndicatorsCLC Level
• Indicator 16: Number of household• Indicator 17: Size of population in that community• Indicator 18: Percentage of illiterates/literates by age and sex
(5 ~ 9, 10 ~ 14, 15 ~ 45 )• Indicator 19: Number of volunteer teachers to be recruited• Indicator 20: Number of instructors to train trainers
( Ref: National workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation of Literac( Ref: National workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation of Literacy and CEy and CEprogrammesprogrammes in Myanmar )in Myanmar )
Adult female literacy And Accessibility index
Adult female literacy And Accessibility index
Adult female literacy Adult female literacy
III. Steps of GIS DevelopmentIII. Steps of GIS Development
•• Data captureData capture•• Data storage and manipulationData storage and manipulation•• Data analysisData analysis•• Data displayData display
Data CaptureData Capture
•• Attribute data: keyedAttribute data: keyed--in, loaded in, loaded from existing data filesfrom existing data files
•• Graphic data: digitized, scanned, Graphic data: digitized, scanned, converted from existing dataconverted from existing data
Creating Feature DataCreating Feature DataCreating Feature Data
•• Table DigitizingTable Digitizing traces traces objects on a paper mapobjects on a paper map–– Uses a digitizing tabletUses a digitizing tablet
•• HeadsHeads--up Digitizingup Digitizingtraces objects on traces objects on the screenthe screen–– Scanned map, air Scanned map, air
photo or satellite photo or satellite imageimage
TWO METHODSTWO METHODS::
Tracing FeaturesTracing FeaturesTracing Features
•• Once Raster data is referenced, vector feature can Once Raster data is referenced, vector feature can be traced in order to create a new be traced in order to create a new vector themevector theme::
Dashed box around visibility selector
indicates theme is “editable”.
Creating Attribute DataCreating Attribute DataCreating Attribute Data•• Create a new attribute tableCreate a new attribute table
–– In ArcViewIn ArcView
–– In a spreadsheet or database programIn a spreadsheet or database program
•• You can join table to existing map. You can join table to existing map.
Data Storage and Data Storage and ManipulationManipulation
•• File management:File management:graphic and attribute datagraphic and attribute data
•• Editing:Editing:graphic and attribute datagraphic and attribute data
Data EditingData EditingData Editing
•• Data stored in tables (spreadsheets)Data stored in tables (spreadsheets)–– Tables composed of Tables composed of RecordsRecords–– Records composed of Records composed of FieldsFields
•• New tables can be created, and data New tables can be created, and data added and changed...added and changed...
Data EditingData EditingData Editing
•• Data stored in tables (spreadsheets)Data stored in tables (spreadsheets)–– Tables composed of Tables composed of RecordsRecords–– Records composed of Records composed of FieldsFields
•• New tables can be created, and data New tables can be created, and data added and changed...added and changed...
Asking A Question – Query Interaction
Asking A Question – Query Interaction
Data AnalysisData Analysis
•• Database (Table) query: Database (Table) query: From the map and to the mapFrom the map and to the map
•• Spatial analysisSpatial analysis
Table QueryTable QueryTable Query
•• ArcView can answer questions about ArcView can answer questions about the attribute data...the attribute data...–– How many How many LRCsLRCs had learners of more than had learners of more than
100000 in the year 2000?100000 in the year 2000?
Spatial QuerySpatial QuerySpatial Query
•• ArcView can answer questions ArcView can answer questions about the location of entities...about the location of entities...–– How many learner households exist How many learner households exist
within 500m of the main road?within 500m of the main road?
Data DisplayData Display
•• MapsMaps•• ReportsReports•• Interactive analysis and Interactive analysis and
presentation withpresentation withWords, Charts, Graphs, Tables, Maps, Photos or Video
Thematic MapsThematic MapsThematic Maps
•• ArcView supports thematic mapping...ArcView supports thematic mapping...
Graduated ColourGraduated Colour
Chart MapsChart Maps
Graphs / ChartsGraphs / ChartsGraphs / Charts
•• charts and graphs based on map data... charts and graphs based on map data...
Pie ChartPie Chart
Map PrintoutMap PrintoutMap Printout
•• Bring everything together in a Layout...Bring everything together in a Layout...
Map ViewsMap Views LegendLegend
TextText
GraphsGraphs
Scale BarScale Bar
NorthNorthArrowArrow
Display Data with MultimediaDisplay Data with MultimediaDisplay Data with Multimedia
ACCU LRCs ‘ G I S ‘ will be alike ACCU LRCs ACCU LRCs ‘‘ G I S G I S ‘‘ will be alike will be alike
THE ENDTHE ENDTHE END
THANK YOU
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