NEW UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGIES
FOR LOW RANK COALS
MASAAKI TAMURA General Manager, Kobe Steel
2
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
New Utilization Technologies
For Low Rank Coals
Upgraded Brown Coal (UBC)
Hyper Coal Process (HPC)
1st International Symposium on the Sustainable Use of Low Rank Coals
Masaaki Tamura
Kobe Steel Ltd.
3
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
New technology developments have been derivative from
the Brown Coal Liquefaction (BCL) process
Brown coal Liquefaction (BCL) process has been proceeding since the early 1970s, aiming at
developing beneficial use for the abundant Victorian brown coal. The 50t/d pilot plant
operation (1985-1990) had been carried out at Morwell, Victoria. In 1993, the pilot plant
project completed successfully attaining all the development objects.
UBC
Hyper
Coal
SPH
4
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Targets of the New Utilization Technologies
Direct Coal Liquefaction Technology
(BCL Process Development)
Upgraded Brown Coal
(UBC)
Based on the high efficiency
dewatering technology
↓
・Utilization of low rank coals
・High calorie fuel with low
environmental impact
Governmental support projects
between Japan and Indonesia
・3t/d Pilot Plant
・600t/d Demonstration Plant
Ultra-heavy Residue
Hydrocracking(SPH)
Based on the slurry phase
hydrocracking technology
for coal
↓
Utilization of ultra-heavy
resources to produce clean
transportation fuels
・Vacuum Residue
・Oil Sand
・Other unconventional heavy
residue
Hyper Coal
(Ash Free Coal)
Based on the solvent de-ashing
technology for coal residue
↓
Coal refining and up-grading
Governmental support projects
(2002~2007)
(CO2 reduction by direct
injection
to gas turbine combined cycle)
・New additive for coke oven
・Nonferrous metallurgical
reagent
5
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Low Rank
CoalMining Shipping Utilization
Coal ChainMissing
Demerit• Low Heat Value
Merit• Rich and inexpensive
• Low Sulfur & Low Ash
★1,2,3 ★4
Low Rank Coal is not yet well utilized but attractive
UBC would make LRC business as follows.
UBC
Plant
★1 Plant Construction★2 UBC Production★3 License Business
★4 UBC Utilization
6
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Background of the UBC Projects
1. Best Mix of Coal Energy
2. Reduction of Ash Disposal
Cost
1. Decreasing of Oil &
Bituminous Coal
Production
2. Utilization of Low Rank
Coals
Economical Processing for Calorie Up
Stability for Bulk Handling
KALIMANTAN
JAVA
UBC Demonstration
plant 600t/d 2006~2010
UBC Pilot Plant 3t/d
2001~2004
7
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
0.1 t/ d BSU Kakogawa, Japan 3 t/ d PP Palimanan, Indonesia 600 t/ d DP Satui, Indonesia
History and Schedule of UBC Commercialization
Sample Typeton/day
(1) Scouting Test 0.00001 Batch
(2) Beaker Test 0.0001 ↓
(3) Autoclave 0.001 ↓
(4) Bench Scale 0.1 ↓
(5) Pilot Scale 3 Continuous ▼Now
(6) Demonstration 600 ↓
(7) Commercial 5000 ↓
R&D Stage 1990 2000 2010
8
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Objective and Outline of UBC Demonstration Project
Objective
Outline
1 Establishing Technology for Commercial level2 More Accurate Feasibility3 Marketing based on the Bulk Sample (5,000-10,000tons)
Item Details1 Scale 600t/d(Product Base)2 Place Satui Area in South Kalimantan, Indonesia3 Coal Several Lignites(4,000~5,000kcal/kgAD)4 Period / Budget 2006~2010 / 100M$5
System etcBy "JCOAL" joined with Kobe Steel Ltdwith the partnership of Arutmin and BumiResources. Indonesian Government alsosupports the project.
6 ProductEvaluation
By several companies (Kobe steel Ltd,Power company etc)
9
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
UBC Process Flow
Asphalt
Raw
Coal
Slurry
Making
Slurry
Dewatering
Waste
Water
Oil
Recovery
UBC BriquetteUB
C
Recycle
Oil
Briquetti
ng
Coal/Oil
Separation
10
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Heavy Residual oil is absorbed
by the micro pores and oil color is
lost
Water Proof
Stabilized
Principle of UBC Processing
Before Slurry Dewatering After Slurry Dewatering
Capillary Water
Surface Water Asphalt
Oil soaks into the pores and
asphalt is selectively adsorbed.
11
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
100
1000
10000
100000
0 100 200 300 400 500
温度(℃)
圧力
(k
Pa)
B D
A
C
React i on Boundar y
St ur at ed Vaper Pr essur e of Wat er
Evapor at i ve
Non Evapor at i ve
React i veNon React i ve
Temperature (degree C)
Pressure
(kPa)
More Expensive
Processing Condition of UBC
G r. Evaporation Reaction Exam ple of the ProcessA × × Press D ew ateringB ○ × U B C、Steam Fluidzed bed D rier、Steam Tube D rierC × ○ Fleissner、Hot W ater D ew atering、KFUEL+D ○ ○ ENC O AL、SYNC O AL、KFUEL
12
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Bitum inous C oal Liginite A UBC(Lignite A)
Weight % M oisture
Ash
D ry C oal
6,400kcal/kg
26,400kj/kg
Sulfur 0.5 %db
4,100kcal/kg
17,200kj/kg
Sulfur 0.14%db
6,350kcal/kg
26,600kj/kg
Sulfur 0.14%db
UBC
Calorie Improvement by UBC
13
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
NOX & Unburnt (at A/ C=2.2, O2=6%)
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
0 100 200 300 400 500
NOX(ppm) O2=6%
Carb
on C
onte
nt
in A
sh (
%)
UBC- A
UBC- B
UBC- C
Bituminous
Tested by 100kg/h test burner furnace (CRIEPI)
Combustion Test of 3t/d sample
Excellent Burning out with less emission of NOX
14
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
UBC Mixing Ratio and NOx Emission, Unburnt
Relation between mixing ratio and NOx concentration and unburnt ratio (OFA ratio=0)
•Both NOx emission and unburnt can be reduced by UBC mixing to steaming coal
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 20 40 60 80 100Mixing ratio
based on bituminous Coal A [%]
NO
x [
pp
m]
(6%
O2
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Un
bu
rn
t ra
tio
[%
]
Coal B-NOx UBC C-NOx
UBC D-NOx Coal B-UcUBC C-Uc UBC D-Uc
15
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
B ench Test
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 40 80 120 160 200 240
Tim e(h)
Temperature(
℃)
UBC -A
UBC -B
UBC -C
Bitum inous C oal-G
Bitum inous C oal-H
UBCBituminous
H TR
N 2
D RY AIR
Sam ple
106O x350H
C onstant Tem perature B ox
H TR
N 2
D RY AIR
Sam ple
106O x350H
C onstant Tem perature B ox
Spontaneous Combustion Test of 3t/d sample
Bench Scale Test Facility
UBC A,B,C are more stable than current coal.
16
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Grind Test (Hardgrove Tester)
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
0 20 40 60 80 100
Briquette Blend Ratio(%)
HGI
Raw Coal-A
100%
UBC-A 100%
HGI of blend coal
is linier to the
blending ratio
HGI
17
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Technical and Business Know How for UBC
Handling
•Unloading & Piling
•Crushing
•Spontaneous Combustion
Combustion
•Emission & Burning out
•Fouling & Slagging
Transportation
Flue Gas
•Pollutant Emission
•Fly Ash Specification
UBC
Production
Resource
Evaluation
Furnac
e
R/HTR,
S/HTR
AIR
HTRCrush
Dust
Collector
De-
SOX
StorageUnloading
Conveyor
G/H G/H
Economizer
脱硝
Stack
UBC
FOB
CIF
Furnace End
De-
NOX
18
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
UBC Commercial Plant Study Base Flow
MP STM
UBC Fine
R/Oil★ 4
Steam Tube Dryer
Fine
Coal
Bunker
Coal
Crusher
Slurry Making Evaporator Super Heater
Vapor Compressor
CW
Recycle Oil
LP STM
HP STM
Cond.
UBC Cake
Decanter
Recycle Oil ★ 3
M
R/Oil
★ 1,2,4
Oil TankHot BRQ
Briquette
Machine
PCWS
PCWR
UBC BRQ
BRQ Cooler
★ 1
★ 3
★ 2
Raw Water TreatmentFresh
Water
Waste Water
TreatmentCW system
PCW
(Process Cooling
Water System)
BFW
System
Raw Coal
Generator
MP Steam
LP Steam
HP Steam
Boiler
Reject
Coal
BFW ☆ 1
☆ 1 BFW
BD ☆ 2
BD ☆ 3
Oil/WTR Separation
W/Water ☆ 4
☆ 4
Raw Water
Treatment
Waste
Water
N2 Supply
System
IA Supply
System
PA Supply
System
L/Oil &
H/Oil
IW
5000t/d UBC Process Flow Sheet
#100 Coal Handling
#200 Slurry Dewatering#300 Coal Separation
#400 Oil Recovering #500 UBC Briquetting
#700 Utility System
BD ☆ 2
19
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
UBC Plant
95M$ @5,000t/d with
Power Generation
UBC Commercial Plant Balance (25% moisture case)
6,385t/d (25%Moisture)
43t/d Oil
5,000t/d (3.5% Moisture)
Boiler & Generator
Steam Power
79M$ @5,000t/d without
Power Generation
Preliminary
624 t/d (25%Moisture)
20
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
UBC Plant Capacity & Construction Cost
Capacity and construction cost depends on moisture content.
m ositure Feed Product Plant *1 Plant *2t/d t/d M $ M $ $/t-U B C $/t-raw coal
25%M -coal 6385 5000 95 79 8.2 6.2
38%M -coal 7723 5000 110 91 9.2 5.750%M -coal 9592 5000 121 101 10.3 5.2
*1: including Pow er G eneration
*2: excluding Pow er G eneration
Processing C ost*1
Preliminary
21
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Up Graded Brown Coal (UBC) Summary
Target
Technology
Utilization of low rank coals which accounts for 50% of coal resources
●Expansion of procurement option for steaming coal
High Calorie and water resist coal by the slurry de-watering
●Low temp. de-watering without chemical reactions
●Original technology from the BCL direct liquefaction process
Steaming coal for power stations (for blending)
●Advantage in ash disposal cost and low NOx combustion
600t/d demonstration plant in operation at Satui, South Karimantan
1,500ton combustion test carried out in 2nd quarter of 2010
5,000ton combustion test carried out in 4th quarter of 2010
●First commercial plant (5,000t/d)could be commissioned in 2012
Status
Market
22
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Characteristics and Application of Hyper Coal
Contents
1.Features of Hyper Coal
2. Hyper Coal Production Process
3. Coal extraction behaviors and Product features
4. Hyper Coal application studies
23
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Gas Turbine
Features of Hyper Coal
・Ash Free
・ Control ash content from few 100ppm~
few 1,000ppm
・ Sulfur and heavy metals virtually removed.
・ But organic sulfur remained.
・High Calorie
(HPC : 8000~8500 kcal/kg Steaming Coal : 6500 kcal/kg)
Excellent thermal plasticity
・HPC obtains an excellent thermal plasticity even though the
parent coals have no thermal plasticity.
・HPC maintains thermal plasticity in the wide range of
temperature.
Direct Reduction Plant
Coke Oven
Coal
Fired
Boilers
HPC process is a coal refining process, not only
to produce an ash-free coal but also produce an
upgraded coal by re-arrangement
of the extracted coal molecule.
24
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Coal extraction Settling After solvent recovery
Over flow
Under flow
HPC
Hyper-coal
Insoluble
The molecular associations
are thermally loosened and
molecules are dissolved into
solvent
The solids (ash and insoluble
molecules) are settled by
gravity in the liquid (solution).
Clarified solution is obtained
by removing the insoluble.
HPC and insoluble coal
are obtained after
vaporizing the recycle
solvent.
The solvent de-ashing technology applied
HPC Process Concept
25
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
HPC Process FeaturesSolvent
recovery
HPC
RC
Briquetting
coal
Slurry
make-up
Recycle-
solvent
Pre-heater
Extraction
Extractor
Solid-Liquid
separation
Settler
Recycle-
solvent
Recycle-
solvent
Extracted
Insoluble
Solvent recycling
Coal derived 2-ring aromatics
Non use of
hydrogen
Simple and mild
<2MPa, <400℃
Filter
26
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Experimental
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
0.2
0.4
0.8
1.0
0
0.6
Coal
ST
KR
GR
MO
NT
EN
GN
ML
H/C
ato
mic
ratio
Bituminous coal
Sub-bituminous coal
Brown coal (Lignite)
O/C atomic ratio
Raw coal Solvent
So far, more than 80 different type of coals
have been tested.
Recycling solvent
for continuous test
or 1-MN
1-MN-d10,
Tetralin-d12, for 1H-NMR
Component conc. [%]
1-methylnaphthalene 56.54
2-methylnaphthalene 37.76
naphthalene 1.03
27
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
FIGURE: Relation between coal extraction temperature and coal extraction yield
(Holding time: 60min.)
Experimental results
-Extraction yields-
Peak temperature range
Thermal relaxation and
radical cross-
linking/polymerization
reactions are in
competitive
0
20
40
60
80
100
240 280 320 360 400
Coal extraction temperature [oC]
Coa
lextr
act
ion
yie
ld[w
t%d
af]
GN
EN
ML
KR
ST
GR
28
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Thermal decomposition products
Raw coal
FIGURE: Changing in thermal decomposition products with temperature (Holding time: 60 min.)
CO+CO2CO+CO2
0
2
4
Yie
ld[w
t%,d
af]
C1-C4 gases
0
1
2
260260 300 340340 380380 420 260260 300 340340 380380 420
H2O
0
2
4
Yie
ld[w
t%,
daf]
0
2
4
6
8
1010
260260 300 340340 380380 420
OilOil
260260 300 340340 380380 420
Temperature [ºC] Temperature [ºC]
6
63
ST
GR
GN
ML
Bituminous
Sub-bituminous
Brown Coal
29
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Coal band
LigniteSub-bituminousBituminous
H/C
O/C
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.0
decarboxylationn
dehydrationndemethylationn
O/C
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
330
360
370
400410
420
RC
HPC
decarboxylationn
dehydrationndemethylationn
O/C
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.0
300
330360
370
RC
HPC
400
420440
460
H/C
decarboxylationn
dehydrationndemethylationn
RC
HPC
Raw coal: GR Raw coal: GN Raw coal: ML
FIGURE:
Moving on the Krevelen‘s coal band with increase in the
extraction temperature ( 10 ℃/min, Holding time: 60min.)
30
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Component structure
0 100 200 300 400
Temperature [℃]
0 100 200 300 400
Temperature [℃]
NT KR
G
L2
L1
G L2
L1
L1: Mobile component (Liquid-like)
L2: Intermediate component (Gel-like)
G: Immobile component (Solid-like)
Extraction residue = L2 + G
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1F
ract
ion
al
inte
nsit
y [
-]
31
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
5000
6000
8000
Hea
tv
alu
e[k
cal/
kg
](d
af)
7000
Raw
coal
9000
300 340 380 420 460
5000
6000
8000
7000
Raw
coal
9000
300 340 380 420 460
HV HPC HV RC
Heat value
Extraction temperature [ºC] Extraction temperature [ºC]
Bituminous (GR)
Sub-bituminous (GN)
Brown Coal (ML)
FIGURE:
Relation between coal extraction temperature and heat value estimated using Künle’s equation( 10 ℃/min, Holding time: 60min.)
32
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Bituminous
Sub-
bituminous
Brown Coal
Fuel
Coal Product ash VM C H N S O diff. ratio Heat value
[wt%]db [wt%] (daf basis) [kcal/kg] gross
M Raw coal 12.2 41.3 82.9 5.5 2.0 0.6 9.1 1.4 6920
HPC 0.06 44.7 84.9 5.5 1.8 0.6 7.2 1.2 8630
RC 20.4 27.9 82.8 4.3 2.0 0.7 10.2 2.6 6060
GN Raw coal 8.2 40.8 76.4 5.5 1.9 0.9 15.4 1.5 7030
HPC 0.08 49.6 83.2 6.0 1.6 0.6 8.6 1.0 8560
RC 18.5 27.9 82.8 4.8 2.0 0.9 9.6 2.6 6140
ML Raw coal 2.8 53.3 71.1 5.4 1.1 0.2 22.2 0.9 4710
HPC 0.07 77.1 82.9 6.4 0.7 0.2 9.8 0.3 8240
RC 4.5 51.4 81.4 3.5 1.4 0.2 13.5 0.9 6710
Ultimate & Proximate analysis
33
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Measurement of fluidity
Viscosity
Constant share rate
Torque
Temp.
To
rqu
e
Gieseler plastometry
Dial divisions
Constant torqueTemp.
Div
./m
in
Max. fluidity
Resolidification
Softening
34
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
150 250 350 450
Temperature [oC]
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000F
luid
ity [
Div
.min
]
Gieseler plastometer curve
Coking coal (ST)
HPC from coking coal
(ST-HPC)
HPC from brown coal
(ML-HPC)
HPC from sub-bituminous
(GN-HPC)
Thermoplasticity
35
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
HPC Application studies
・ Coke additive
・ Fuel
・ Catalytic gasification
・ Nonferrous metallurgical reagent
36
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Why coke is strengthen by addition of HPC?
Heating
HPC starts to plasticize at low temperature then solidify at around 500℃.
During this period, HPC fills surrounding voids also dissolves coal to form
solid cokes.
HPCCoal
300~500ºC 1000ºC
High strength coke
300 kg test furnace, 3 ºC/min., 1000 ºC
B.D.: 720 kg/m3, Moist.: 7.8 wt%
HPC for coke additive
37
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Production of high strength and
high reactive coke using HPC
Slightly
coke
+HPC
Merit:
・Compatible strong coke with high reactivity
・Reinforcement against the price rising of coking coal by using
quantities of slightly coking coal and HPC from steaming coal
Slightly Coking Coking
Composition
0 20 40 60 80 100 78 80 82 84 86 20 30 40 50
Base
HPC
Composition Ratio [wt%] Drum Index DI15015 [%]
Strength Reactivity
Hot Reactivity index RI [%]
Base Base
HPC Addition HPC Addition
Slightly
15% 85%
Coking Coal
50% 40%10
%
38
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
77.4
85.4
66
70
74
78
82
86
66
70
74
78
82
8684.0
86.5
Base-1 + HPC 10%
Base-2 + HPC 10%
Coking coal 75 65 50 40
Slightly coking coal 25 25 50 50
HPC 0 10 0 10
Coal blending ratio (%)
Result of large scale test
High amount of coking coal High amount of slightly coking coal
Coke Oven
39
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Reduction of reducing agent by strong coke
(DI
450
500
550
600○
:Japan’s Blast Furnaces
82 84 86 88 90
Red
uci
ng A
gen
t R
ati
o (
kg/t
-pig
iro
n)
450
500
550
600
82 84 86 88 90150
15)
450
500
550
600
82 84 86 88 90
Coke Drum Index
450
500
550
600
82 84 86 88 90
40
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Zero emission H2 production by catalytic gasification
C O C O C O
C O 2C O 2
C O 2
H 2
H 2
H 2
0
25
50
75
100
125
Gas yield [m
mol/g-char]
C oal C oal+K2C O 3 HyperC oal+K 2C O 3
T= 650 oC
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 30 60 90
C har gasification tim e [m in]
Char conversion [%, davcf] T= 650 oC
C oal+K 2C O 3
C oal
H yperC oal+K 2C O 3
H2+CO2 rich gasT= 650 ºC; High gasification rate
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0 1 2 3 4
C atalyst recycling count
Gasification rate, k [min-1]
H yperC oal
C oal
No catalyst deactivation in catalyst recycling
HyperCoal
Steam
Ga
sfi
re
Residu
al coal
Coal
Bo
iler
H2O
H2/C
O2
se
pa
ratio
n
CatalystCatalyst
recovery
ash
H2 = > 59 %
CO2 = > 39 %
CO2 to
Storage
H2
Product gas
Zero emission H2 production process
41
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
HPC Reactivity for Silicon Production
SiO (g) + 2C ⇒ SiC + CO (g)
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Residual SiO gas [mL]
Petroleum coke
(High VM) Coal (Low VM)
Charcoal
HPC-char
1650 ºC
High reactivity
High density HPC char (1.27 g/cc)
HPC-char has similar reactivity to charcoalNo slag layer - impurities in feed report to product
Need to use low (~1%) ash carbons (chars/coals)
Hypercoal as a carbon source potential for production of solar-grade silicon (solar cells)
Solar-grade silicon has large increase in value compared to standard grade silicon
The increase in product value could justify the use of premium ultra-low impurity
carbon product with lower reactivity
42
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
RC Reactivity for Synthetic Retile Production
FeO.TiO2 + C = Fe.TiO2 + CO(g)
FeO.TiO2 + CO(g) = Fe.TiO2 + CO2(g)
C + CO2 = 2 CO
Roller Bed Furnace used for
Synthetic Rutile production (CSIRO)
Raw coal (Collie)
RC
2 4 6 8
0
20
40
60
80
1200
1000
100
800
600
400
200
Time [h]C
on
versi
on
[%]
Tem
pera
ture [
ºC]
Temp.
1.6h
3.4h
RC briquettes
RC has much higher reactivity than raw coal.
RC could be an excellent candidate material for
use in synthetic retile production.
(RC is a byproduct of HPC)
43
Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Hyper Coal (HPC) Summary
Target
Technology
Utilization of steaming coals for metallurgical uses● Against recent booming in coking coal market
Ash free coal by the solvent de-ashing technology● Extraction under the relatively mild operation condition
● Original technology from the BCL direct liquefaction process
● Clean fuel for boilers
● Ideal feedstock for gasifier
● Additive to produce high strength and high reactive coke
0.1t/d pilot plant in operation at Takasago, Japan.
10t/d pilot plant could be constructed in 2012.Status
Market
Feature The process is a coal refining process, not only to produce an ash-free
coal but also produce an upgrading coal by re-arrangement of the
extracted coal molecule.● Negligible Ash (< 0.5%), Moisture (<0.5%), and high heat value (> 36 MJ/kg)
● Homogeneous maceral structure, vitrinite-like
● Excellent thermoplasticity
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Coal & Energy Technology Dept., KOBE STEEL, Ltd.
Acknowledgement
The both technology developments have been supported
by Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, METI and
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development
Organization (NEDO). We would like to express
appreciation to them and joint researchers of Japan Coal
Energy Center (JCOAL), Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology (AIST).
NEW UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGIES
FOR LOW RANK COALS
MASAAKI TAMURA General Manager, Kobe Steel
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