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NavRules Study Questions Card: 1
Disclaimer: These flash cards are provided as a study aid for certain
U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary proficiency tests. They are in no way
intended as a substitute for studying and obeying the actual
Navigation Rules as published by the United States Coast Guard.
Use the next page button on the speed bar above to view the cards inorder. Report any questions, errors or discrepancies by email to the
webmaster. Thank you.
Updated 27 February 1999
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What is the purpose of the NavRules?
To prevent collisions between vessels.
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What four factors do the NavRules establish?
Responsibilities, priorities, specific actions and means of
communication.
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To what vessels do the NavRules apply?
All vessels. Rule 1a.
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Who is responsible for complying with the NavRules?
The person in command and all crew are responsible. Rule 2a.
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What NavRules govern vessels on the high seas?
The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea,
commonly called the COLREGS. Rule 1a.
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What NavRules govern vessels on waters inside the United States?
The Inland Navigational Rules. Rule 1a.
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How can you tell which rules apply?
The boundaries are described in Inland Rules and Coast Pilots and
marked on applicable charts. Introduction.
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When is the potential for collision likely to be high?
When vessels are meeting, crossing or overtaking, and in or near
areas of restricted visibility.
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How is information needed to avoid collisions communicated?
By lights, day shapes, sound signals, light signals, radiotelephone
and other means.
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What precautions must the operator and crew take to avoid
collisions?
All precautions required by the ordinary practice of seamen or by
special circumstances of the case.
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Under the NavRules, what is a power driven vessel?
Any vessel propelled by machinery.
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Under the NavRules, what is a sailing vessel?
Any vessel propelled by Sail Alone.
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Under the NavRules, when is a vessel engaged in fishing?
When fishing with gear which restricts her ability to maneuver.
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When is a vessel not under command?
When some exceptional circumstance prevents her from
maneuvering as required by the NavRules.
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When is a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver?
When the nature of her work prevents her from maneuvering as
required by the NavRules.
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When is a vessel underway?
When she is neither made fast to shore, aground, nor at anchor and
not dragging.
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When are vessels in sight of one another?
When and only when one can be visually (by eye) seen from the
other.
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When and how must a lookout be kept?
At all times, by sight, hearing and all other means available.
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What factors should be considered in determining a safe speed?
Visibility, traffic density, background lights, current, wind and sea
state, hazards, maneuverability, and draft relative to depth of water.
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When avoiding collision, how much should you alter course for yourmaneuver to be readily apparent to the other vessel?
Experience indicates that a change of 60 degrees can be easily
recognized, even on radar.
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If circumstances allow you to alter either speed or course to avoidcollision, which would be better and why?
Alter course because it will be more obvious to the other vessel.
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After acting to avoid a collision, what must you then do?
Watch to be sure that the action is effective until the other vessel is
past and clear.
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Which side of a narrow channel should you follow?
The starboard side.
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What special care must a vessel under 20 meters take in a narrowchannel?
She must not impede a vessel which can navigate only in the
channel.
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When a vessel is fishing in a narrow channel, over what other vesselsis she the stand-on vessel?
Only over the overtaking vessels.
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What must you do when crossing a narrow channel?
Stay clear of any vessel which can navigate only with the channel.
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Under the COLREGS, when you intend to overtake another vessel ina narrow channel and she must take some action to let you pass, what
signals must you sound?
If you intend to pass on her starboard side, sound two prolonged
blasts and one shore blast. If on her port side, two prolonged blasts
and two short blasts.
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Under the COLREGS, in a narrow channel, when you must act toallow a vessel to pass you, how do you signal agreement with her
proposal?
By sounding one prolonged blast, one short, one prolonged and one
short blast.
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Under the Inland Rules when overtaking in a narrow channel, whatsignals do you sound?
If you with to pass on her starboard, sound one short blast. If to port,
sound two short blasts.
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Under Inland Rules, if you are being overtaken in a narrow channel,how do you reply to the overtaking vessel's signals?
If it is safe and you agree, reply with the same signal. If you doubt
its safety, reply with the danger signal of five short blasts.
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Under COLREGS, what signals do sailing vessels make whenovertaking in a narrow channel?
They make the same signals as power driven vessels.
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Rules for the conduct of vessels in sight of one another apply when?
One vessel can be seen for the other.
N R l S d Q i C d 35
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The vessel directed to keep clear of another is called?
The give-way vessel.
N R l St d Q ti C d 36
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The stand-on vessel may take avoiding action when?
As soon as it becomes obvious that the give-way vessel is not taking
proper action.
N R l St d Q ti C d 37
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A power driven stand-on vessel which must take action in a crossingsituation should not alter course to ?
Port for a vessel on her port side.
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When two sailing vessels at risk of collision have the wind ondifferent sides, which is the give way vessel?
The vessel with the wind on her port side
When two sailing vessels at risk of collision have the wind on thesame side, which is the give way vessel?
The windward vessel.
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If a vessel with the wind on her port side cannot tell whether one towindward has the wind on her port or starboard side, what should
she do?
She should give way.
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In NAVRULES, which is the windward side of a sailing vessel?
If fore and aft rigged, the side opposite to that on which the mainsail
is carried.
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A vessel being overtaken has priority over?
Any overtaking vessel.
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You are overtaking another vessel when?
At night you can see her tern light, but not her side lights.
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You cease to be an overtaking vessel when?
When you are past and clear of the overtaken vessel.
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When two vessels are meeting head-on, what action should each ofthem take?
Sound one short blast, and turn to starboard.
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y Q
If you are not sure that a vessel is approaching you head-on, whatactions should you take?
Assume that she is approaching head-on, sound one short blast, and
turn to starboard.
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y Q
When two power driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk ofcollision, what actions should each take?
The one to port must keep clear.
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Under the Inland Rules, on the Great Lakes, Western Rivers, andother specified waters, what special responsibility does a vessel
crossing the river have with respect to other vessels?
She must keep clear of any vessels ascending or descending.
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When a give-way vessel maneuvers to avoid another, what shouldshe avoid doing?
Crossing ahead of the other if circumstances of the case permit.
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When must a power driven vessel give way to a crossing vessel?
When the crossing vessel is approaching within a sector from dead
ahead to 22 1/2 degrees abaft the starboard beam. ( the arch of the
starboard side light)
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Under both International and Inland Rules, when are maneuveringand warning signals given?
When the lookout on each vessel can see the other.
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Under International Rules, what does a maneuvering signal indicate?
An action is being taken.
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Under Inland Rules, what does a turning signal indicate?
An action is intended.
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Three short blasts indicate?
A vessel operating astern propulsion.
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Two short blasts indicate?
I am turning or intend to turn to port.
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Five or more blasts mean?
Danger or Doubt.
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What visual signal may be used to supplement whistle signals?
An all around light showing the same sequence of flashes.
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Under Inland Rules, what signal is sounded when a vessel leaves adock?
One prolonged blast.
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When approaching a place where other vessels may be obscured byobstructions, what signal should be sounded?
One prolonged blast.
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Under the Inland Rules, when are maneuvering signals not required?
When agreement has been reached by using the bridge to bridge
radio telephone.
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If agreement is not reached by using the bridge to bridge radiotelephone, what must be done?
Exchange whistle signals which shall prevail.
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What special precaution is necessary when using the bridge to bridgeradio telephone?
Each vessel must know the other's identity and position.
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A vessel not under command is a give way vessel with respect to?
A vessel which she is overtaking.
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A vessel under 7 meters in length with a diver down must give wayto?
A vessel not under command.
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In restricted visibility, which is the stand-on vessel?
None.
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If you detect a vessel on your radar, what must you do?
Use a radar plot or similar means to determine whether a close
quarters situation exists or is likely to occur.
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In fog, if you determine that a close quarters situation is developingwith respect to a vessel forward of your beam, what should you
avoid doing?
Avoid turning to port unless you are overtaking her and intend to
pass on her port side.
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In fog, if there is a close quarters situation with a vessel on or abaftthe beam, what should you avoid doing.?
Avoid turning to port.
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Unless you know that no risk of collision exists with a vesselforward of your beam, what must you do when you hear her fog
signal?
Reduce speed to the minimum at which you can stay on course and,
if necessary, stop.
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What is the least speed at which very large vessels can be expectedto stay on course?
Five or more knots.
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When must you use the signals prescribed for restricted visibility?
In or near an area of restricted visibility.
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In fog, do you also use the maneuvering signals for vessels in sightof each other?
No, it would be confusing because no one would know which vessel
was signaling.
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What is the maximum interval between repetitions of a fog signal?
Two minutes for vessels under way. One minute for vessels at
anchor or aground.
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In restricted visibility, what does one prolonged blast mean?
A power vessel making way.
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When a power vessel is drifting with no way on, what fog signaldoes she sound? (underway but not making way)
Two prolonged blasts every two minutes or less.
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What signal does a tug or vessel not under command sound in fog?
One prolonged and two short blasts.
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What signal does the last towed vessel sound in fog if manned?
One prolonged and three short blasts.
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What fog signals do vessels not under command or restricted in their
ability maneuver sound?
One prolonged and two short blasts.
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What fog signals are sounded by sailing vessels?
One prolonged and two short blasts.
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When at anchor in fog, what signals do most vessels under 100
meters long sound?
A bell is rung rapidly for about 5 seconds at maximum intervals of 1
minute.
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In fog, if you hear rapid ringing of a bell and then sounding of a
gong, what does it mean?
An anchored vessel over 100 meters long.
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While at anchor in fog, if you detect a vessel coming too close to
you, what signal should you give?
Sound one short, one prolonged and one short blast.
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If you hear three separate and distinct strokes before and after the
rapid ringing of a bell, when in fog, what does it mean?
A vessel aground.
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If you hear four short blasts after another fog signal, what does it
mean?
A pilot vessel.
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When are fog signals not required at anchor?
In Inland waters when a vessel under 20 meters, a barge or other
nondescript craft is anchored in a designated special anchorage.
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The following are not authorized distress signals in International
Waters
A high intensity flashing white light.
A national ensign upside down.
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What signal, other than a distress signal, means "I require
assistance"?
Three short blasts and one prolonged blast.
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What does two short and one prolonged blast mean?
You are standing into danger.
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What does a signal of two short blasts, one prolonged blast, and one
short blast mean?
"I am disabled. Communicated with me."
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Inland Navigational Rules apply to All vessels.
A vessel not under command may have a jammed rudder.
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Vessels are within sight of each other when each can be seen from
the other.
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A safe speed is determined by the operator's judgement.
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When the compass bearing of any part of an approaching vessel does
not change, you are on a collision course.
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Action taken to avoid collision must be large enough to be obvious
on the other vessel. Change course at least 60 degrees.
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A vessel wishing to overtake you in a narrow channel in
international waters sounds two prolonged and two short blasts. If
you agree you sound one prolonged and one short, one prolonged
and one short.
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When approaching a bend in a narrow channel, you hear one
prolonged blast. You should sound one prolonged blastand watch
out.
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In International Traffic Separation Schemes vessels fishing shall not
impede any other vessel operating in a traffic lane.
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Vessel traffic services exist only in Inland Rules waters.
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Rules for the conduct of vessels in sight of one another apply when
one vessel can be seen from the other.
When two sailing vessels are at risk of collision the vessel which has
the wind on the port side must keep clear of the one with the wind on
the starboard side.
If a vessel with the wind on her port side cannot tell whether one to
windward has the wind on her port or starboard side, she should give
way.
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A vessel being overtaken stands on with respect to all other vessels
at all times.
You cease to be an overtaking vessel when you are past and clear of
the overtaken vessel.
When two power driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of
collision the vessel to port must keep clear.
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Under the International Rules, maneuvering and warning signals are
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, g g g
not answered by the other vessel unless she is doubtful, apprehensive
or is maneuvering herself.
Two short blasts meansunder Inland Rules I intend to turn to port.
(one is starboard, two is port) remember "to port".
Five or more short blasts are sounded by a sailing vessel to indicate
doubt. Or any other vessel to indicate doubt.
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What special precaution is necessary when using the Bridge to
Bridge Radio Telephone? (to avoid collisions)
Each vessel must know the identity and position of the other.
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In restricted visibility, which is the stand on vessel? None.
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y,
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In restricted visibility, if you detect a vessel on your radar what must
you do?
Make a systematic observation or make a radar plot.
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In restricted visibility, you hear one prolonged blast, and two
minutes later, you hear another. What is it?
A power driven vessel underway.
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In restricted visibility, what signal does a vessel trawling make?
One prolonged and two short blasts.
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What lights does a vessel trawling show?
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Green over White. Trawling at night.
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What lights does a pilot vessel show?
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White over red. Pilot ahead.
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What lights does a sailing vessel show?
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Red over Green. A sailing machine.
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What lights does a fishing vessel show?
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Red over white. Fishing at night.
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What does a single white light indicate?
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A vessel at anchor. Or a vessel under 7 meters propelled at less than7 knots.
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What does two white lights, with red and green mean?
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Power driven vessel over 50 meters.
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What does a red over red over red light mean?
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A vessel constrained by draft.
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A vessel aground under 100 meters in length makes what sounds?
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3 bell strokes, rapid ringing of bell for 5 seconds, then three bellstrokes.
If 100 meters or more in length? 3 bell strokes, rapid ringing of bell
for 5 seconds, then three bell strokes forward, then rapid ringing of
gong for 5 seconds at the stern.
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What lights does a vessel aground show?
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Red, Red, White. Aground at night.
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You are being towed in your disabled boat what signal do you
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You are being towed in your disabled boat, what signal do you
sound?
One prolonged and three short blasts.
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What signal does an anchored dredge sound while dredging?
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What signal does an anchored dredge sound while dredging?
One prolonged and two short blasts at least every two minutes.
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You see a vessel heading for a reef on your radar What should you
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You see a vessel heading for a reef on your radar. What should you
do?
Sound two short blasts and one prolonged blast and attempt radio
contact.
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When and where should you use a strobe light to warn other vessels
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When and where should you use a strobe light to warn other vessels
of your presence?
Never!
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A vessel near you hoists a large towel above a yellow beach ball
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A vessel near you hoists a large towel above a yellow beach ball.
What, if anything does it mean?
Immediate help is neededit is a distress signal.
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As you approach a small open boat, the occupant stands up and
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As you approach a small open boat, the occupant stands up and
waves his arms up and down at his sides. What is he telling you?
He needs immediate helpit is a distress signal.
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All required navigational lights shall be shown from sunset to
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All required navigational lights shall be shown from sunset to
sunrise.
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Side lights have an arch of visibility of 122.5 degrees.
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A flashing yellow light, as defined by the NavRules, flashes at least120 times per minute.
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A dredge pipeline in Inland Waters is identified by?
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g p p y
Yellow lights flashing 50 to 70 times per minute.
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An Air Cushion vessel operating in the non displacement mode
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p g p
exhibits in addition to her other required lights?
An all around yellow light flashing 120 times per minute or more.
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A vessel less than 50 meters long propelled by power and sail must?
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g p p y p
Display a white light showing through and unbroken arc of 225
degrees from dead ahead to 22.5 degrees on each side, sidelights and
stern light.
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In International Waters a power driven vessel less than 7 meters in
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length whose speed does not exceed 7 knots may exhibit?
A white all around light instead of all other lights.
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Two white lights in a vertical line indicate?
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An approaching power driven vessel.
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In Inland Waters an amber light flashing once per second for three
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seconds followed by an interval of three seconds indicates?
A submarine on the surface.
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A vessel over 7 meters long propelled by oars must?
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If not displaying the lights for a sailing vessel of her length, have
ready at hand an electric torch, which shall be exhibited in time to
prevent collision.
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In Inland Waters, you see two yellow lights, one above the other.
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You are looking at?
A tug pushing ahead or towing alongside.
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In fog, you see a vessel with a single diamond shape ahead of you.
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She is?
The tug or last vessel of a tow more than 200 meters in length.
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You see four white lights in a vertical line between a red light and a
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green one. You are looking at?
A tug with a tow over 200 meters. One white light for vessel under 50 meters, twowhite for tow over 200 meter, one light on tow.
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In Inland Waters, you see two white lights and a yellow light
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flashing once a second between a red and green light. You arelooking at?
A tug with a vessel being pushed ahead which conceals the tug's
sidelights. Navrules page 61.
NavRules Study Questions Card: 134
You see three green lights in a triangle above and to one side of a
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white light. What are you looking at?
A vessel sweeping mines heading away from you.
NavRules Study Questions Card: 135
What lights would a vessel over 50 meters in length dredging while
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making way with a barge on her port side display when viewed fromahead?
Three green lights on her starboard side, a vertical line of white over
white over red over white over red amidships, and three red lights on
her port side.
White / White = Greater than 50 meters, Green / Green OK to pass on Starboard side. Red /Red = obstruction on Port side.
Red / White / Red = Underwater operations (dredging)
NavRules Study Questions Card: 136
The special lights and shapes for a vessel aground need not be shown
unless?
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The vessel is over 12 meters long.
NavRules Study Questions Card: 137
The day shapes for a vessel not under command, under way but not
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making way are?
Two balls. The lights would be two redthe captain is dead.
NavRules Study Questions Card: 138
A purse seiner hampered by her gear may display?
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Two yellow lights in a vertical line. These two lights shall flash
alternately every second with equal light and occultation duration.
She shall also display red over white all around lights.
NavRules Study Questions Card: 139
The side lights of a power driven vessel under 12 meters in length
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shall be carried?
At least one meter below the masthead light.
NavRules Study Questions Card: 140
Under International Rules, a sailing vessel when proceeding under
sail and powered by machinery, is required to display what day
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shape?
A conical shape, apex downwards.
Same for Inland Rules, except vessels under 12 meters need not
display day shape.
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