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Natural variation in condition of surgeonfishes from central Pacific coral reef ecosystems KatherineNeylan1,ScohMiller2,MarisaPonte2,ScohHamilton21-BiologyDepartment,CaliforniaStateUniversity,MontereyBay,2-IchthyologyDepartment,MossLandingMarineLaboratories

Coralreefsecosystemsharborsomeofthegreatestbiodiversityontheplanet.Lihleisknownabouttheroleofnaturalvaria@oninoceanographiccondi@onsthatstructuretheseecosystemsbecausesomanyarethreatenedbyanthropogenicfactors.TheSouthernLineIslandsareremote,uninhabitedislandsthatspanastrongproduc@vitygradient.Thisgradientresultsinvaria@onofbohomupprocessesbetweenthedifferentislandswhichcanindirectlyaffectfishcommuni@esthroughoceanographic-drivenchangesintheirprey-base.Understandingthenaturalvaria@onofcondi@onincoralreeffishesfromuninhabitedislandsisimportantforacquiringbaselinedatathatcanbeusedinresourcemanagementassessmentsandstrategies.Hypothesis:SurgeonfishfrommoreproducFvewaterswillbeinbeIercondiFonthanthosefromlessproducFvewaters.

MethodsandMaterials

Althoughtherewasnotawell-definedtrendshowingthatsurgeonfishcondi@onincreasesasprimaryproduc@vityincreases,theA.nigricansatFlinthadthelowestFulton’sK,H.S.I.,andfatweight.Flinthadthelowestprimaryproduc@vityofthefiveislands.Thisindicatestheremaybeathresholdatwhichthecondi@onoffishnolongerincreasesgivenappropriatenutrients.Resultssuggestthatthereisnorela@onshipbetweenChlorophyll-alevelsandFulton’sKorH.S.I.forC.marginatusfromthethreeislandswewereabletoanalyze.Therewasamuchmoreno@ceabletrendfortheA.nigricansthanforC.marginatus.Thisdifferenceislikelybecauseoftheirdifferentfeedingstrategies.A.nigricansarealgal-consumingherbivoresandC.marginatusaredetri@vores.Alimita@onthatcouldhaveaffectedtheresultswasthepresenceofunderdevelopedfish.Someislandshadahigherabundanceofjuvenilefishintheirsample,whichcouldhaveskewedthedata.

Discussion

•  Analyzefactorsotherthancondi@onthatcanbeindirectlyaffectedbybohom-uppressures.

•  Assesshowseasonalityaffectsthecondi@onofsurgeonfishesandtheproduc@vitylevelsinthecentralPacific.

•  Conductastudyatanothersiteandcompareresults.

•  Usetheparasitedatacollectedtoanalyzeaffectoncondi@onfromthosestressors.

FutureWork

Island MeanChla(mgm-3)

Malden 0.128

Starbuck 0.127

Millennium 0.099

Vostok 0.091

Flint 0.073

•  AcanthurusnigricansandCtenochaetusmarginatussurgeonfisheswerecollectedintheSouthernLineIslandsandshippedtoMossLandingMarineLaboratories.

•  Thesamplesweremeasuredanddissectedinordertorecovertheliverweight,fatweight,totalfishweight,andfishlength.

•  Thehepatosoma@cindex,Fulton’scondi@onfactor,andtheweightofretroperitonealfatdepositswereallusedtomeasurethecondi@onofthefish.

ResultsIntroducFon

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

0.003

FLINT MILL VOST STAR MALD

Fulton'sKA

a

b b b b

0.0016

0.00165

0.0017

0.00175

0.0018

0.00185

0.0019

0.00195

0.002

0.00205

VOST STAR MALD

Fulton'sKB

a

b b

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9


H.S.I.A

c

a

ab bc

ab

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

VOST STAR MALD

H.S.I.B

a

b

c

Acathurusnigricans Ctenochaetusmarginatus

Figure1:Averagecondi@onfactor(K)valuefrom(A)A.nigricansand(B)C.marginatuscollectedateachoftheSouthernLineIslands.Sta@s@caltestsANOVAandTukeyHSDwereusedtodeterminesignificantvalues.Note:Valueswiththesameleherarenotsignificantlydifferent.

Island Island

IslandIsland

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18


FatDepositA

a

b b

b b

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

VOST STAR MALD

FatDepositB

a

b

a

IslandIsland

AverageFulto

n’sK

value

s

AverageFulto

n’sK

value

s

Table1:MeanChlalevelsinthewaterateachoftheislandsindica@ngtheprimaryproduc@vitylevels.

AverageH.S.I.

AverageH.S.I.

AverageFatW

eight

AverageFatW

eight

Figure2:AverageHSIfrom(A)A.nigricansand(B)C.marginatuscollectedateachoftheSouthernLineIslands.SouthernLineIslands.Sta@s@caltestsANOVAandTukeyHSDwereusedtodeterminesignificantvalues.Note:Valueswiththesameleherarenotsignificantlydifferent.

Figure3:Averageweightofthefatglobulestoredinthebodyfrom(A)A.nigricansand(B)C.marginatuscollectedateachoftheSouthernLineIslands.SouthernLineIslands.Sta@s@caltestsANOVAandTukeyHSDwereusedtodeterminesignificantvalues.Note:Valueswiththesameleherarenotsignificantlydifferent.

AcknowledgmentsIwouldliketothanktheMossLandingMarineLabsfacultyandstaffforallowingmetousetheirfacili@esandequipmentforthisstudy,membersoftheSouthernLineIslands2013expedi@onforprovidingaccesstothesamples,theMLMLgraduatestudentsthathelpedbyansweringallmyques@ons,andBrianPhanwhoworkedwithmeonthisproject.

•  AcanthurusnigricansatFlinthadasignificantlyloweraverageFulton’sKvalueandfatweightthanA.nigricansattheotherislands.

•  A.nigricansatFlinthadaloweraverageH.S.I.thanA.nigricansatStarbuckandVostok.

•  A.nigricansatStarbuckhadhigherH.S.I.thanA.nigricansatanyoftheotherislands.

•  TheaveragefatweightinC.marginatuswashighestatMalden

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Study Region

(SASandin,unpublished)

Figure1:MapoftheLineIslandsandtheirproximitytotheequator.(SASandin,unpublished)

Photo:Randall,J.E..

MilleniumAtoll.Photo:BrianSkerry,2014.

Photo:Randall,J.E.

Photo:SandinLab.