D f I d AffD f I d AffDivision of Indian Affairs presentsDivision of Indian Affairs presents
“Utah’s American Indian Education Crisis”“Utah’s American Indian Education Crisis”
Information Series
FailureFailureFailureFailure
In the past, attempts have been made In the past, attempts have been made to help Indian People, but those to help Indian People, but those
h b b dh b b dattempts have been based upon attempts have been based upon prescribed methods of helping white prescribed methods of helping white
Americans.Americans.AA
Those “one size fits all” methods don’t work.Those “one size fits all” methods don’t work.
Ed ti C i iEd ti C i iEducation CrisisEducation Crisis
Indian student dropout rates in rural Indian student dropout rates in rural areas range from 60areas range from 60--80% statewide. 80% statewide.
The current state of education for Indian The current state of education for Indian children is appalling. They are
consistently at the bottom of everystandardized test given to Utah’s children.
I T S f U hI T S f U hIowa Test Scores for Utah Iowa Test Scores for Utah Grade 3 2006Grade 3 2006Grade 3 2006Grade 3 2006
68White
43
52
42
68
Hispanic
Pacific Islander
Children with Disabilities
White
68
54
43
43
Asian
Economically Disadvantaged
English Language Learners
Hispanic
51
45
68
African American
American Indian
Asian
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
I T S f U hI T S f U hIowa Test Scores for Utah Iowa Test Scores for Utah Grade 5 2006Grade 5 2006Grade 5 2006Grade 5 2006
67White
36
47
35
Hispanic
Pacific Islander
Children with Disabilities
68
52
39
Asian
Economically Disadvantaged
English Language Learners
47
41
African American
American Indian
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
I T S f U hI T S f U hIowa Test Scores for Utah Iowa Test Scores for Utah Grade 8 2006Grade 8 2006Grade 8 2006Grade 8 2006
61White
38
44
25
Hispanic
Pacific Islander
Children w ith Disabilities
63
47
37
Asian
Economically Disadvantaged
English Language Learners
p
41
35
63
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
African American
American Indian
Asian
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Iowa Test Scores for Utah Iowa Test Scores for Utah Grade 11 2006Grade 11 2006Grade 11 2006Grade 11 2006
43
25
62
Pacific Islander
Children with Disabilities
White
47
37
38
Economically Disadvantaged
English Language Learners
Hispanic
41
35
63
African American
American Indian
Asian
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Self Reliance
Once American Once American Once, American Once, American Indians were fully Indians were fully self reliant peopleself reliant people
Will b s lf li t g i so d ?Will b s lf li t g i so d ?Will we be self reliant again someday?Will we be self reliant again someday?
Cultural DifferencesCultural Differences
Typically, American Indians Typically, American Indians are right brain dominant, are right brain dominant, allowing for a culture rich in allowing for a culture rich in allowing for a culture rich in allowing for a culture rich in creativity and history. Right creativity and history. Right Brain dominance lends itself Brain dominance lends itself Brain dominance lends itself Brain dominance lends itself to a prolific oral tradition to a prolific oral tradition which has produced great which has produced great
S B ll communicators. communicators. Sitting Bull
Cultural DifferencesCultural Differences
IndiansIndiansCowboysCowboys MatriarchalMatriarchal SpiritualSpiritual
PatriarchalPatriarchal ScientificScientific
HolisticHolistic CooperativeCooperative Land held in commonLand held in common
LinearLinear CompetitiveCompetitive Ownership of landOwnership of land Land held in commonLand held in common
Harmony with natureHarmony with nature CreativeCreative
Ownership of landOwnership of land Control of natureControl of nature AnalyticalAnalytical
EgalitarianEgalitarianyy
HierarchyHierarchy
Ways to assistWays to assistPast efforts have been to eliminate Past efforts have been to eliminate right brain learning all togetherright brain learning all together
Goal should be Goal should be establish balance establish balance establish balance establish balance
and utilization of all and utilization of all parts of the mindparts of the mindparts of the mindparts of the mind
Information ProcessingInformation ProcessingInformation ProcessingInformation ProcessingMany culturally different people process Many culturally different people process
information differently. Consequently, any information differently. Consequently, any instructional methods and programs that instructional methods and programs that instructional methods and programs that instructional methods and programs that emphasize psychoemphasize psycho--motor development or motor development or
techniques that open passages or neurological techniques that open passages or neurological techniques that open passages or neurological techniques that open passages or neurological pathways are most effective.pathways are most effective.
Programs that HelpPrograms that Helpg pg p
Brain Gym Brain Gym Auditory Discrimination EndepthAuditory Discrimination EndepthAuditory Discrimination EndepthAuditory Discrimination EndepthGlen Doman ICPD methodsGlen Doman ICPD methodsBrain TrainBrain TrainBrain TrainBrain Train
Other Effective approachesOther Effective approachesOther Effective approachesOther Effective approaches
Small student teacher ratios Gamingg keyboarding
Achievement GapAchievement Gap
These cultural differences contribute These cultural differences contribute to the education achievement gap to the education achievement gap which contributes to problems in which contributes to problems in pp
Indian communitiesIndian communities
Cycle of DefeatCycle of DefeatCycle of DefeatCycle of DefeatSocial Dysfunction: Social Dysfunction: Highly complex Highly complex yyeconomic plight, economic plight, criminal behavior, criminal behavior, substance abuse substance abuse
g y pg y pgovernmental andgovernmental and
corporate business models corporate business models launched without an launched without an substance abuse, substance abuse,
maladministrationmaladministration educated/trained educated/trained workforceworkforce
Mismanagement, Mismanagement, Delinquency, Delinquency,
Negligence, ExploitationNegligence, Exploitation
Pyramid of SuccessPyramid of SuccessBusiness
Development
QualityQuality Management Management & Governance& Governance
p
Leadership & Community Leadership & Community D lD l
& Governance& Governance
EDUCATION Foundation
DevelopmentDevelopment
EDUCATION - Foundation
Indian EducationIndian Education Innovative ProgramsInnovative Programs
I di Ed i R h & L iI di Ed i R h & L i Indian Education Research & LearningIndian Education Research & LearningTheoryTheory
Curriculum DevelopmentCurriculum Development Curriculum DevelopmentCurriculum Development Elementary and Secondary Teacher Elementary and Secondary Teacher
TrainingTraininggg Leadership/Empowerment TrainingLeadership/Empowerment Training Financial Assistance to Financial Assistance to
Schools/ScholarshipsSchools/Scholarships
L d hiL d hiLeadership Leadership FocusFocusFocusFocus
Interpersonal Skills Development for Tribal Interpersonal Skills Development for Tribal Leaders and potential future Tribal LeadersLeaders and potential future Tribal LeadersLeaders and potential future Tribal LeadersLeaders and potential future Tribal Leaders
Determination of Community ReadinessDetermination of Community Readiness
GovernanceGovernanceStrengthen management skills:
••Personnel policies and procedures Personnel policies and procedures Personnel policies and procedures Personnel policies and procedures
••Financial policies and procedures Financial policies and procedures
P d l P d l ••Property and supply managementProperty and supply management
••Single Audit RequirementsSingle Audit Requirements
••Indirect Cost principlesIndirect Cost principles
••Reporting via performance and financial report Reporting via performance and financial report Reporting via performance and financial report Reporting via performance and financial report writingwriting
Business skills trainingBusiness skills trainingTechnical and professional assistance to tribes in the following areas:tribes in the following areas:
marketing analysis marketing analysis feasibility plans feasibility plans feasibility plans feasibility plans business plans business plans troubletrouble--shooting business failureshooting business failure long range economic development long range economic development
planningplanning financing information (federal, state, and financing information (federal, state, and financing information (federal, state, and financing information (federal, state, and
private sources), and affordable housing.private sources), and affordable housing.
Choctaw Model of SuccessChoctaw Model of Success
1969A h li 6A h li 6thth d l ld l l Average schooling 6Average schooling 6thth grade levelgrade level
No education offered after 10No education offered after 10thth grade and no kindergartengrade and no kindergarten
70% without basic housing needs covered70% without basic housing needs coveredggNo running water or indoor plumbing, homelessness highNo running water or indoor plumbing, homelessness high
80% unemployment rate 80% unemployment rate –– those employed are those employed are sharecropperssharecropperssharecropperssharecroppers
$600 average yearly income$600 average yearly income
Alcoholism, teen pregnancy, substance and domestic abuse Alcoholism, teen pregnancy, substance and domestic abuse commonplacecommonplacecommonplacecommonplace
Building a FoundationBuilding a Foundation1969-1985
P i h i i d d d P i h i i d d d Put in their own superintendent and restructured Put in their own superintendent and restructured education and standardized curriculumeducation and standardized curriculum
Opened adult education programOpened adult education program Opened adult education programOpened adult education programTaught classes in Family life, home Taught classes in Family life, home
management, thrift and economy, agricultural management, thrift and economy, agricultural g , y, gg , y, gscience, preservation of wildlife and natural science, preservation of wildlife and natural resourcesresources
O d Y h R h bili i CO d Y h R h bili i C Opened Youth Rehabilitation CenterOpened Youth Rehabilitation Center
IndustryIndustry1979 - 1995
Planned 30 acre industrial park Planned 30 acre industrial park Planned 30 acre industrial park Planned 30 acre industrial park Established Chahta Enterprise as supplier for Established Chahta Enterprise as supplier for
Packard ElectricPackard Electric American Greetings opened a plantAmerican Greetings opened a plant Choctaw Manufacturing openedChoctaw Manufacturing opened Printing/direct mail/telemarketing firm Printing/direct mail/telemarketing firm Printing/direct mail/telemarketing firm Printing/direct mail/telemarketing firm American PlasticsAmerican Plastics Silver Star Casino (most recent economic Silver Star Casino (most recent economic
d l )d l )development)development)
TodayToday 22ndnd largest employer in State of Mississippilargest employer in State of Mississippi 12 000 jobs; 172 6 million payroll taxes12 000 jobs; 172 6 million payroll taxes 12,000 jobs; 172.6 million payroll taxes12,000 jobs; 172.6 million payroll taxes 5.8 mil property tax5.8 mil property tax Prestigious Hammer award for outstanding Prestigious Hammer award for outstanding Prestigious Hammer award for outstanding Prestigious Hammer award for outstanding
education reformeducation reform 85% speak Choctaw as their primary language, 85% speak Choctaw as their primary language, g gg g
English secondEnglish second Bok Chitto Elementary selected to be a world Bok Chitto Elementary selected to be a world
fi li t f I t ti l h l C b f ifi li t f I t ti l h l C b f ifinalist for International schools Cyberfairfinalist for International schools Cyberfair
Ending StatementsEnding StatementsEnding StatementsEnding Statements
Indian youth are our greatest resourceIndian youth are our greatest resourceAnonymousAnonymous
If we lose this generation we lose the pastIf we lose this generation we lose the past If we lose this generation, we lose the pastIf we lose this generation, we lose the pastLeland Pubigee (NW Band Shoshone)Leland Pubigee (NW Band Shoshone)
Children are sacred beingsChildren are sacred beingsggThe Late Patricia Locke (LakotaThe Late Patricia Locke (Lakota))
The humiliation of children is the greatest evilThe humiliation of children is the greatest evilElie WieselElie Wiesel (Nobel Laureate and Holocaust survivor)(Nobel Laureate and Holocaust survivor)
1010--year Planyear Plan Leadership trainingLeadership trainingGovernance trainingGovernance trainingBusiness DevelopmentBusiness Development Post High AcademyPost High AcademyReplication of Choctaw Success ModelReplication of Choctaw Success ModelReplication of Choctaw Success ModelReplication of Choctaw Success Model Substance Abuse and Mental Health Substance Abuse and Mental Health
OutreachOutreachOutreachOutreach
Sources Conetah, Fred E. A History of the Northern Ute People, Salt Lake City:
University of Utah Press, 1982 Cuch, Forrest S. A History of Utah’s American Indians, Utah State y
University Press, 2000. DiBacco, Mason, Appy. History of the United States, NY: Hooten Mifflin
Co, 1991. Jennings Francis The Invasion of America NY: Norton 1975 Jennings, Francis. The Invasion of America. NY: Norton, 1975. Johansen, Bruce E. Forgotten Founders. Boston: Harvard Common Press,
1982. Loewen, James. Lies My Teacher Told Me. NY: Simon, 1995.y U.S. Census Report for 2000. Weatherford, Jack. Indian Givers. NY: Fawcett Columbine Co., 1988. Purple Martin Domestication Copyright 1997 by Purple Martin
C ti A i tiConservation Association
Contact InformationDivision of Indian Affairs324 S. State Street, Suite 500324 S. State Street, Suite 500Salt Lake City, Utah 84111801 538-8808
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