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NAMING AND WRITING FORMULA
OF COMPOUNDS
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Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 13 Group15
Group16
Group17
ValenceElectrons 1 2 3 5 6 7
Electronsneeded 1+
2+ 3+ 3- 2- 1-
H-
Li+ Be2+ N3- O2- F-
Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ P3- S2- Cl-
K+ Ca2+ Ga3+ Se2- Br-
Rb+ Sr2+ In3+ Te2- I-
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Oxidation Number apparent charge
represents the charge that an atomwould have if electrons were transferredcompletely to the atom with the greaterattraction for them in a given situation.
can be used to predict the ratio by whichatoms will combine when they formcompounds.
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METAL AND A NON METAL(Ionic Compound) Binary Compound - consist of two elements.
Cationa positively charged ion
Aniona negatively charged ion
FIXED OXIDATION NUMBER(Groups
No. 1A-8A)
metal+ root word of the + - ide
non-metal
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Examples:
I. Give the name of the following:
1. NaF
2. K2O
3. CaSeII. Write the formula for:
1. sodium bromide
2. calcium oxide3. sodium phosphide
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Cu+ Cuprous or Copper (I) Mn2+ Manganous or Manganese (II)
Cu2+ Cupric or Copper (II) Mn3+ Manganic or Manganese (III)
Hg+ Mercurous or Mercury (I) Pb2+ Plumbous or Lead (II)
Hg2+ Mercuric or Mercury (II) Pb4+ Plumbic or Lead (IV)
Au+ Aurous or Gold (I) Sn2+ Stannous or Tin (II)
Au3+ Auric or Gold (III) Sn4+ Stannic or Tin (IV)
Co2+ Cobaltous or Cobalt (II) Sb3+ Antimonous or Antimony (III)
Co3+ Cobaltic or Cobalt (III) Sb5+ Antimonic or Antimony (V)
Cr2+ Chromous or Chromium (II) As3+ Arsenous or Arsenic (III)
Cr3+ Chromic or Chromium (III) As5+ Arsenic or Arsenic (V)
Fe2+ Ferrous or Iron (II)
Fe3+
Ferric or Iron (III)
VARIABLE OXIDATION NUMBER(Groups No. 3B-12B) Stock System- the oxidation number of the metal is
indicated by a roman numeral in parenthesis. Classical System- the suffixesous andic are used to
denote the lower and higher oxidation states respectively.
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Examples:
Write the correct formula and give the
name of the compound formed byeach of the following pairs of ions.
1. As5+and Cl-
2. Pb2+and F-3. Co3+and Br-
metal + root word of the + - ide
(Stock or Classical) non-metal
Self-Check
p 119
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Ternary Compounds - formed same way
as binary compounds
Polyatomic ion
is a stable group of
atoms that carries an overall electrical
charge; atoms in polyatomic ions are bonded
together by covalent bonds; one or more groupcarries a positive or negative charge.
metal+ polyatomic ion
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FORMULAS AND CHARGES OF COMMON POLYATOMIC IONSName Formula Charge
Ammonium
Nitrite
NitratePermanganate
Hypochlorite
Chrorite
Chlorate
Chromite
CyanideCyanate
Perchlorate
Hydroxide
Bicarbonate or hydrogen carbonate
Acetate
Sulfite
SulfateCarbonate
Chromate
Dichromate
Oxalate
Phosphite
Phosphate
Borate
NH4
NO2
NO3MnO4
ClO
ClO2
ClO3
CrO2
CNCNO
ClO4
OH
HCO3
C2H3O2or Ac
SO3
SO4CO3
CrO4
Cr2O7
C2O4
PO3
PO4
BO3
+1
-1
-1-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2-2
-2
-2
-2
-3
-3
-3
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Examples:
I. Give the name of the following:
1. KClO4
2. Ca(HCO3)23. Na2C2O4
II. Write the correct formula for:
1. potassium sulfate
2. barium nitrate
3. copper (II) chlorite Self-Checkp 120
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Non metal AND A NONMETAL
(Covalent Compound)Greek + non- metal+ Greek + root word of the + - ide
prefix prefix non-metal
Greek Prefix Number Greek Prefix Number
Mono- 1 Hexa- 6Di- 2 Hepta- 7
Tri- 3 Octa- 8
Tetra- 4 Nona- 9
Penta- 5 Deca- 10
GREEK PREFIXES USED IN NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS
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Examples:
I. Give the name of the following:
1. S2F6
2. N2O4
3. NO
II. Write the correct formula for:1. carbon dioxide
2. dinitrogen pentoxide
3. boron trifluoride Self-Checkp 128
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HYDROGEN AND A NONMETAL
Binary Compound - release hydrogen ions (H+)
when dissolved; leading Hs in formula are acidic
hydrogens.
PURE FORM
hydrogen + root word of the + - ide
non-metal
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AQUEOUS FORM
hydro- + root word of the + -ic + acid
non-metal
Examples:
I. Give the name of the following:1. H2SandH2S(aq)
2. HCl and HCl(aq)
3. HF and HF(aq)
II. Write the correct formula for:1. hydrobromic acid
2. hydrogen iodide
3. hydroiodic acid
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Ternary Acid(Oxyacid) acids
containing three ormore elements andoxygen is alwayspresent.
root word of the + -ic/- ou s + acid
anion
Common Anion Formula Charge
Borate BO3 -3
Carbonate CO3 -2
Nitrate NO3 -1Nitrite NO2 -1
Phosphate PO4 -3
Phosphite PO3 -3
Sulfate SO4 -2
Sulfite SO3 -2
Perchlorate ClO4 -1
Chlorate ClO3 -1
Chlorite ClO2 -1
Hypochlorite ClO -1
Permanganate MnO4 -1
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Examples:
I. Name the following ternary oxy- acids:
1. H3BO3
2. H2CO3
3. H2SO3
II. Write the chemical formula of the following:
1. hypochlorous acid
2. nitric acid
3. phosphoric acid
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METAL AND HYDROXIDE(Base)
Examples:
I. Name the following bases:
1. NaOH
2. Mg(OH)2
3. Ba(OH)2
II. Write the chemical formula of the following:
1. potassium hydroxide
2. calcium hydroxide
3. aluminum hydroxide
metal + hydroxide
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HYDRATESHydrates water in addition compounds.
Hydration process whereby water molecules
are attracted to solute particles.Hydrated Ions ions surrounded by water
molecules.
binary/ternary compound + + Greek + hydrate
prefix
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Examples:
I. Give the name of the following:
1. CuSO45H2O
2. MgCl26H2O
3. Na2SO4
10H2OII. Write the formula for:1. zinc chloride hexahydrate
2. calcium phosphate dihydrate3. copper (I) chloride pentahydrate
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Thank you forbearing withme!
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