Name the organelle and give its function.
Cell Parts Review
Animal Plant
Nucleus
Ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum: aids in processing carbohydrates, lipids and proteins for export from the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Body
Nucleus: control body of the cell; contains the genetic material (DNA)Golgi Aparatus: modifies, sorts, and packages materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell
Ribosome: site where proteins are made
What is located in the nucleus?
NucleusChromosome
DNA
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
What does the DNA of all these organisms have in common?
They all share a universal genetic code.
DNA
Purpose of DNA
Why do we have DNA?
-Tells the genetic information
What is a Nucleotide?
1.
2.
3.
2.)
1. Phosphate Group
2. 5-Carbon Sugar(Dexoyribose or Ribose)
3. Nitrogen Base
Nucleotides, too
Remember DNA…Nucleotides make up nucleic acid
Double helix shape
Store genetic information
Help make proteins
Examples: DNA & RNA
sugar
phosphate
nitrogen base
NucleotidesThere are four nitrogen bases making up four different nucleotides.
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
A
C
G
T
N base
Chargaff’s Base Pair Rules
Adenine always bonds with thymine. A = T
Guanine always bonds with Cytosine. G C
A
CG
T
C
G
A
A
T
G
Nucleotide
PS
N-b
Pairing DNA NucleotidesWhat is a nucleotide?
Rule
A to
C to
T
G
What is the base pairing rule?What would be the complementary nucleotide pairing?
3’End
3’End 5’End
5’End
DN
A D
OU
BL
E H
EL
IX
ladder shaped molecule
What is RNA?
DNA must have a “helper” molecule.
RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid
RNA is a single stranded
nucleic acid made up of monomers called nucleotides
sugar
phosphate
nitrogen base
A
B
C
RNA Nucleotides
A - Sugar (ribose)
B - Phosphate
C - Nitrogen base
sugar
phosphate
nitrogen base
Name the parts of the nucleotide.
Rules for Base Pairing
Cytosine pairs with Guanine
Adenine pairs with Uracil
Notice that RNA has Uracil (not thymine)
A = U
C = G
Rules for Base Pairing
C = G
A = U
3’ DNA strand
5’ DNA strandRNA strand
C
A
T
G
G
U
C
A
What is the function of RNA?
Carries DNA’s message code
Helps make protein
Types of RNAMessenger RNA (mRNA)Transfer RNA (tRNA)Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
RNA Codes for Amino Acids
The nitrogen bases in RNA code for amino acids.
A triplet of nitrogen bases codes for one amino acid.
The triplet is called a codon.
Overall process of protein synthesis
transcription translation
DNA RNAProtein is made on ribosome
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