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BIOLOGY
PROJECT
Author: Kelaine Elliott
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THE PHSYIOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC
EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ABUSE
Alcohol abuse,which is defined as an "unhealthy and dangerous" habit of drinking alcohol, can
lead to a number of physical effects on the body. Most of which are serious health risks. As a
person abuses alcohol, this will cause his blood pressure to rise. This increase in blood
pressure can eventually begin to damage the heart, both in structure and function. This will
cause a strain on the heart. This strain will damage the heart and could lead to heart failure,
heart attack or a stroke. The most obvious physical effect of alcohol abuse involves the liver.
When someone abuses alcohol the liver becomes inflamed. This inflammation can manifest
other physical problems, including persistent nausea and vomiting, a loss of appetite, stomach
pain and cramping, jaundice-like qualities to the skin and eyes, an elevated body temperature
and an altered mental state, usually appearing as confusion. As with many forms of substance
abuse, excessive use of alcohol can begin to affect your bones. Mostly, this has to do with the
density of your bones. With habitual abuse, your bones can begin to thin, since there will
generally be a lack of nutrition due to other alcohol-related health problems. When the bones
begin to thin, there is a greater chance for breaks and fractures.
SOCIAL EFFECTS
Drinking can impair how a person performs as a parent, a partner as well as how (s)he
contributes to the functioning of the household. It can have lasting effects on their partner and
children, for instance through home accidents and violence.
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The impact of drinking on family life can include substantial mental health problems for other
family members, such as anxiety, fear and depression. Alcohol plays a role in a substantial
number of domestic violence incidents, especially in the case of abusing husbands. Often both
the offender and the victim have been drinking.
The relationship between alcohol and domestic violence is complex and the precise role of
alcohol remains unclear. Heavy drinking has been strongly linked to violence between partners
and to a lesser extent to violence towards others, possibly because proximity increases the
opportunities for violence.
ECONOMIC EFFECTS
The economic consequences of alcohol consumption can be severe, particularly for the poor.
Apart from money spent on drinks, heavy drinkers may suffer other economic problems such as
lower wages and lost employment opportunities, increased medical and legal expenses, and
decreased eligibility for loans. Health-related costs include the costs of treating alcoholism and
alcohol dependency, as well as the medical costs of treating alcohol-related diseases, such as
cirrhosis of the liver. Treatment of alcohol dependency and diseases that result from alcohol
abuse imposes billions in costs on health care systems and insurance carriers. These costs are
passed on to individuals and employers in the form of higher medical costs and health
insurance premiums. In addition to direct medical costs, alcohol abuse costs the economy in
terms of lost productivity. Lost productivity also includes lost earnings resulting from work that is
missed due to alcohol-related illness or disease. The lost productivity that results from alcohol
abuse is difficult to measure.
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THE EFFECTS OF AN ILLEGAL DRUG ON THE BODY.
Cocaine
Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug. The powdered hydrochloride salt form of
cocaine can be snorted or dissolved in water and then injected. Crack is the street name given
to the form of cocaine that has been processed to make a rock crystal, which, when heated,
produces vapors that are smoked. The term crack refers to the crackling sound produced by
the rock as it is heated.
EFFECTS
Cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant. Physical effects of cocaine use, including
crack, include constricted blood vessels and increased temperature, heart rate, and blood
pressure. Users may also experience feelings of restlessness, irritability, and anxiety. Smoking
crack delivers large quantities of the drug to the lungs, producing effects comparable to
intravenous injection. These effects are felt almost immediately after smoking, are very intense,
but do not last long. For example, the high from snorting cocaine may last 1530 minutes, while
the high from smoking it may last 510 minutes. Evidence suggests that users who smoke or
inject cocaine may be at even greater risk of causing harm to themselves than those who snort
the substance. Cocaine smokers may suffer from acute respiratory problems including
coughing, shortness of breath, and severe chest pains with lung trauma and bleeding.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF DRUG
ABUSE
TRANSMITION, CAUSITIVE AGENT AND CONTROL
OF HERPES
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ENCOURAGING SOMEONE TO STOP DRUG ABUSE
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Www. ehow.com