Movement at Joints

Types of Motions at Synovial Joints• Gliding – flat bone surfaces moving across each other

• Flexion – decrease in angle between articulating bones

• Extension – Increase in angle between articulating bones

• Hyperextension– Bending beyond 180o degrees • moving humerus backwards behind anatomical position

Figure 7.4a

CB

A

Figure 7.4b

C

B

A

Figure 7.4c B

A

C

B

A

Figure 7.4e

C

B

A

Figure 7.4f

B

A

• Abduction– movement of bone away from midline

• Adduction– movement of bone toward midline

• Circumduction– movement of distal end in a circle

• Rotation– bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis

Types of Motions at Synovial Joints

Figure 7.5a

B

A

Figure 7.5b

BA

Figure 7.5c B

A

Figure 7.6a

A

Figure 7.6b

A

Figure 7.7a

A

Figure 7.7b

A B

Special Movements at Synovial Joints

• Elevation– lift upward

• Depression– downward movement

• Protraction– movement forward

• Retraction– movement back to anatomical position

Figure 7.8ab

A B

Figure 7.8cd

BA

• Inversion– move of soles medially (inward)

• Toward each other

• Eversion– move soles laterally (outward)

• Away from each other

• Dorsiflexion– point (flex) toes upward

• As if standing on your heels

• Plantar flexion– bend (point) toes downward

• Like a ballerinia

Special Movements at Synovial Joints

Figure 7.8ef

BA

Figure 7.8g

B

A

• Supination– movement of forearm so palms face forward or

upward• As if in anatomical position

• Pronation– movement of forearm so palms face backward or

downward

Special Movements at Synovial Joints

Figure 7.8h

BA