Motorcycle
Safety Updates
Mehdi Nassirpour Research and Evaluation Division of Traffic Safety
Illinois Department of Transportation
Objectives
Overview of the Traffic Safety Programs
Accomplishments
Challenges
Motorcycle Data
Crash/Health Care Data
Survey Results
Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st
Century Act (MAP-21)
MAP-21 creates a streamlined, performance-based, and multimodal program to address the many challenges facing the U.S. transportation system. These challenges include improving safety, maintaining infrastructure condition, reducing traffic congestion, improving efficiency of the system and freight movement, protecting the environment, and reducing delays in project delivery.
Illinois Highway Safety Program Areas
Occupant Protection
Impaired Driving
Speed Control
Traffic Records
Emergency Medical Services
Pedestrian/Bicycle
Motorcycle Safety
Large Truck
Distracted Driving (New)
We are required to identify
those programs most
effective in reducing
crashes, injuries, and deaths,
and eligible use of highway
safety funds awarded to the
State of Illinois
Required Performance Measures in Illinois Based on Six
years of Data (2009-2012)
Required Core Measures
Projected
Figures
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total Fatalities 911 927 918 956 960 972
Total Serious Injuries 13,008 12,636 11,945 12,401 11,870 11,619
Total Fatality Rate 0.86 0.88 0.89 0.92 0.935 0.95
Rural Fatality Rate 1.45 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.53 1.56
Urban Fatality Rate 0.66 0.70 0.68 0.72 0.72 0.74
Total Serous Injury Rate 12.30 11.95 11.56 11.87 11.50 11.30
Unrestrained Occ. Fatalities 265 261 268 279 281 286
Impaired Drivers and Motorcyclists* 313 292 278 321 304 305
Speed Related Fatalities 325 438 441 387 445 464
Motorcyclist Fatalities 130 131 145 148 156 162
Unhelmeted Motorcyclists 99 106 108 115 120 125
Young Drivers involved in Fatal
Crashes* 119 146 122 117 118 115
Pedestrian Fatalities 112 115 135 138 149 159
Pedal-cycle 19 24 27 29 34 36
Belt Usage Rate 91.7 92.6 92.9 93.6 93.7 94.4
Major Accomplishments
Reduction in total Fatalities and Injuries over the last
five years
High Belt Use (93.7%)
Higher Message Awareness of safety belt and alcohol
awareness (Over 90%)
Improvement in Alcohol-Related Fatalities (lower in
absolute number)
Establishment of Sustained Enforcement Activities
Improvement in crash data reporting (Timeliness,
Accessibility, and Data Integration)
Challenges (Occupant Protection)
Lower belted occupant fatalities
Lower usage rate among African Americans
and Hispanics
Lower usage rate among young male drivers
Low usage rate at night among those who
fatally injured
Lower usage rate among back seat
occupants (77.4%)
Challenge (Alcohol/Speed)
Higher % alcohol-related fatalities
Lower rate of state and local agency participation
during alcohol campaigns
Accurate Problem IDs for the State and local
agencies to select high crash locations to patrol
High % speed related fatalities
Accurate and reasonable coding of alcohol-
related and speed related fatalities
Strategies to Combat Nighttime Belt Use
and Alcohol Problems
In 2007, we started focusing on nighttime
enforcement by asking the local and state law
enforcement agencies to shift at least 50% of
their enforcement activities from daytime to
nighttime.
Since 2011, all our enforcement grantees were
required to conduct enforcement activities during
major belt and alcohol campaigns at night.
Nighttime hours are 11:00PM – 6:00AM
Major Enforcement Campaigns in Illinois
Thanksgiving (Belt)
Memorial Day (Belt)
Christmas (Alcohol)
July 4th (Alcohol)
Super Bowl (Belt/Alcohol)
Labor Day (Alcohol)
St. Patrick's (Belt/Alcohol)
Unassigned (locals)◦
Cinco De Mayo
(Belt/Alcohol)
Unassigned (ISP)†
† The hours and citations for the unassigned enforcement could not be broken down by daytime and nighttime enforcement activities. ◦ Unassigned (locals) indicates local enforcement agencies conducted additional enforcement outside the required holiday campaigns.
Challenge
(Non Occupants/Others)
Pedestrian/Pedal-cycle
Distracted Driving including cell phone and
text messaging
Motorcycle Riders (Increases in motorcyclist
deaths threaten gains made in other areas)
Driver Electronic Device Use in Illinois in 2013
(Total Number of Vehicle Observed=33,666)
Region Total Male Female
Total
Observed
Electronic
Device Use
Total
Observed
Electronic
Device Use
Total
Observed
Electronic
Device Use
Total 33,666 11.8% 18,980 10.2% 14,686 13.9%
Chicago 2,545 17.6% 1,475 15.3% 1,070 20.8%
Cook 5,613 12.1% 3,357 10.1% 2,256 15.1%
Upstate 13,947 12.6% 7,815 10.8% 6,132 14.8%
Downstate 11561 9.4% 6,333 8.3% 5,228 10.8%
Total Fatalities Motorcyclist Fatalities
157 158 132 157 135 130 131 145 148
1355 13631254 1248
1043
911 927 918 956
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Motorcyclist Fatalities
130 131 145 148
156 162
y = 6.8x + 121.53
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Projected
Figures
Unhelmeted Motorcyclist Fatalities
99 106 108
115 120
125
y = 5.1143x + 94.267
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Projected
Figures
Total Motorcycle Fatalities and Licensed
Motorcyclists by Age (2010-2012)
3.8%
12.5%
10.4%
9.0%
10.8%
8.5%
11.3% 13.4%
9.4%
10.8%
1.6%
4.8%
6.7%
7.7%
10.0%
11.9%
14.8%
15.4%
12.4%
14.7%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
16.0%
18.0%
16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 31 - 35 36 - 40 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 55 56 - 60 61+
% Fatlities % licensed Motorcyclists
Motorcycle Helmet Use in 2012 and 2013 (Based on
Observational Survey)
Selected
Characteristics
2012 2013
Total
Observed
Usage Rate Total
Observed
Usage Rate
Statewide (288) 1,982 36.10% 1,353 50.90%
Regions
City of Chicago (35) 135 49.60% 82 40.20%
Cook County (63) 78 42.30% 482 51.00%
Collar Counties (120) 1,360 35.60% 473 55.40%
Downstate (70) 409 32.00% 316 46.80%
Road Type
Residential (144) 795 34.80% 246 30.90%
U.S./Illinois Highways
(84)
413 37.10% 379 50.10%
Interstate Highways (60) 774 36.80% 728 58.10%
Day of Week
Weekends (112) 1,466 32.90% 780 52.10%
Weekdays (176) 516 45.20% 573 49.40%
Percent Helmeted Motorcyclists who died in Motor Vehicle
Crashes by Age (2010-2012)
43.8%
20.8%
25.0%
28.9%
10.9%
13.9% 16.7%
12.3%
17.5%
32.6%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
50.0%
16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 31 - 35 36 - 40 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 55 56 - 60 61+
% Helmeted Mootrcyclist
Freq. and % Distribution of Linked Crash
and Hospital Discharge Data in 2010
(N=4,631)
2,306 50%
563 12%
1,762 38%
Not linkedInOut
Average Charges per Discharge
Motorcycles Versus All Crashes (Based on
Linked Crash and Hospital Discharge Data)
$9,283
$68,371
$4,374
$23,793
$79,657
$6,214
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$80,000
$90,000
All Hospital Inpatient Outpatient
All Individuals Motorcycle Occupants
Average Hospital Charge by Age
$12,959 $21,166 $22,913 $26,024 $28,432 $27,026
$31,809
$40,983
$16,631
$54,825
$91,816
$101,217
$82,426 $86,420
$90,235
$106,444
$93,379
$33,395
$5,423 $6,136 $7,126 $7,053 $7,459 $7,300 $7,318 $4,926 $3,883
$0
$20,000
$40,000
$60,000
$80,000
$100,000
$120,000
0 to 15 16 to 20 21 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 &Over
All Inpatient Outpatient
Average Charge by Helmet Status
$23,359 $29,524
$85,980 $92,173
$6,658 $7,376
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$80,000
$90,000
$100,000
Helmet No Helmet
All Inpatient Outpatient
Percent Head Injuries by Helmet Status
11.3%
28.7%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
Helmeted Not Helmeted
Total helmeted with head injury =99
Total helmeted with no head injury=780
Total Not helmeted with head injury =322
Total Not helmeted with no head injury=1,123
Note: the relationship between Helmet use and head injury is significant. Odd Ratio (OR) value is
over 0.34 indicates that wearing helmet a protective against head injury.
Head Injury by Helmet Status (Mean
Charges)
Head Injury No Helmet Helmet
No Head
Injury
$19,000 $16,749 Head Injury
$42,211 $37,450
Freq. & % Linked Data by Payer
Type
Payer
Type
All Hospital
Discharge
Inpatient Hospital
Discharge
Outpatient
Hospital
Discharge
Link
Count
Link
Percent
Link Count Link
Percent
Link
Count
Link
Percent
Medicare 44 1.9% 16 2.8% 28 1.6%
Medicaid 104 4.5% 23 4.2% 81 4.6%
Insurance 1,572 67.6% 395 70.2% 1,177 66.8%
Uninsured 358 15.4% 67 11.9% 291 16.5%
Other 247 10.6% 62 10.9% 186 10.5%
All 2,325 100.0% 563 100.0% 1,762 100.0%
Average Charge by Payer Type
$15,382
$8,265 $9,797 $6,947
$9,336
$67,438 $65,181
$72,184
$60,621 $61,153
$4,459 $3,550 $4,557 $3,824 $4,936
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$80,000
Medicare Medicaid Insurance Uninsured Other
All Inpatient Outpatient
Risk factors for motorcycle crashes are
similar to those for other types of motor
vehicle crashes, but they differ in a number
of key areas, including the effect of licensing
and training, vehicle design, helmet use,
driver conspicuity, environmental conditions,
road design, and road conditions.
Rick Factors for Motorcycle
Crashes
Total population and Sample
Total Rider Training Participants
84,373
Unknown Population
Sample Received
18,184
Usable Sample
12,179 (67.0%)
Total Legitimate E-mails
77,783 (92.2%)
Other Sample
1,413 (about11.6%)
E-mail Sample
10,766(about88.4%)
Note: About 2.2 % of the
sample were from out-of-
state)
“Your Gender:”
70.0%
30.0%
74.5%
25.5%
70.5%
29.5%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
Male Female
Trained Not Trained Total
“Your Age:”
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
Under 21 21 to 25 26 to 39 40 to 49 50 to 59 60 Plus
Trained Not Trained Total
“Do You Own a Motorcycle?”
78.9%
21.1%
65.0%
35.0%
77.2%
22.8%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
Own a Motorcycle Do Not Own a Motorcycle
Trained Not Trained Total
“If yes to question 6, what type of
motorcycle do you own?”
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
Touring Cruise Sport Traditional Scooter Other,Specify
Trained Not Trained Total
“Do you have a motorcycle license?”
93.0%
7.0%
62.3%
37.7%
89.1%
10.9%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Yes No
Trained Not Trained Total
“How long have you held your
motorcycle license?”
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
Less than 2Years
2 to 5 Years 6 to 10 Years 11 to 20 Years 21+ Years
Trained Not Trained Total
“About how many miles did you ride your
motorcycle last year?”
-10.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
Less than 2,000 2,001 to 5,000 5,001 to 10,000 More than 10,000
Trained Not Trained Total
“Do you ride for business/commuting, or
just for pleasure?”
2.2%
45.2%
52.6%
2.8%
44.6%
52.6%
2.3%
45.2%
52.6%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
Business/Commuting Pleasure Both
Trained Not Trained Total
“Do you wear protective clothing when you ride (e.g.,
jacket, gloves, trousers, and boots)?”
-10.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
Always Nearly Always Sometimes Seldom Never
Trained Not Trained Total
“Do you wear a helmet when you are riding?”
-10.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
Always Nearly Always Sometimes Seldom Never
Trained Not Trained Total
“How many motorcycle accidents have you
had during the last 3 years?”
91.8%
8.0%
0.1% 0.1%
92.7%
7.1%
0.2% 0.0%
91.9%
7.9%
0.1% 0.1% 0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
None 1 to 2 Accidents 3 to 4 Accidents 5 or MoreAccidents
Trained Not Trained Total
Multivariate Analysis
(Based on Survey Results)
What are the risk factors for
motorcycle related crashes, such
demographics, vehicle type and
helmet use?
What variables predict self-
reported crashes?
Results of Multivariate Analysis (Logistic Regression) on Crashes
Controlling for Selected Variables
Crash =Had been involved in crashes = 1 versus Not involved in
crashes)
Selected Variables Estimate
Std
Error
Chi-
Square Pr > |t|
Intercept -2.296 0.1116 423.148 <.0001
Miles Driven: More than 2000 Miles = 1 0.4801 0.0893 28.8778 <.0001
Engine Size: 750 cc or more = 1 -0.2277 0.0889 6.5544 0.0105
Reason for Riding: Pleasure = 1 0.349 0.0863 16.3619 <.0001
Helmet Status: Don't wear helmet = 1 -0.2076 0.1139 3.3214 0.0584
Young Age: 25 and Under = 1 0.3431 0.1171 8.5818 0.0034
Old Age: 50 and Above = 1 -0.3673 0.0898 16.7367 <.0001 Years Owned Motorcycle License: Less than two years = 1 -0.5014 0.0872 33.0458 <.0001
Results of Multivariate Analysis (Logistic Regression) on Crashes
Controlling for Selected Variables
Crash =Had been involved in crashes = 1 versus Not involved in
crashes)
Selected Variables Results
Std
Error
Chi-
Square
Effect
on
Crashes
Intercept
Miles Driven: More than 2000 Miles = 1 Increases chance of Crash Positive
Engine Size: 750 cc or more = 1 Decreases chance of Crash Negative
Reason for Riding: Pleasure = 1 Increases chance of Crash Positive
Helmet Status: helmeted = 1 Decreases chance of Crash Negative
Young Age: 25 and Under = 1 Increases chance of Crash Positive
Old Age: 50 and Above = 1 Decreases chance of Crash Negative
Years Owned Motorcycle License: Less than two years = 1
Decreases chance of Crash Negative
Contact Information Mehdi Nassirpour
Division of Traffic Safety at IDOT
1340 North 9th
Springfield, IL 62702
Email: [email protected]
DTS’ Evaluation Website:
http://www.dot.il.gov/trafficsafety/tsevaluation.html
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