Motivation to Include Dish Stirling CSP Systems in RSA’s REFIT Programme
NERSA Public Hearing5 May 2011
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5/9/2011 Copyright © Ennex Developments(Pty) Ltd., 2011
• Ennex Developments (Pty) Ltd is a Project Development Company focusing on the development of renewable energy, power generation and resource projects.
• Based in Centurion, Gauteng.
Who is Ennex Developments?
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• We welcome the REFIT revision process since in our view it better serves the following objectives of the Electricity Regulation Act:– to promote competitiveness and customer and end user choice
– to facilitate a fair balance between the interests of all stakeholders
• NERSA revised the REFITs of only two CSP technologies and did not use the opportunity to consider the qualification and REFIT of dish Stirling technology, which is a well-recognized CSP technology that holds important advantages specifically for South Africa.
• We would therefore like to argue that it is important to consider the inclusion of dish Stirling technology in the first uptake of the REFIT programme.
Comments on Consultation Paper
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Main CSP Technologies
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Parabolic Trough Linear Fresnel Reflectors
Solar Tower Dish Stirling
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Efficiency of Different CSP Systems
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Parabolic Trough
Linear Frisnel Solar Tower Dish Stirling
Average efficiencies (%)
©FC Business Intelligence
5/9/2011 Copyright © Ennex Developments(Pty) Ltd., 2011
As of July 2010 there were 32 CSP plants installed worldwide, totaling 921.18 MW
Installed Projects Worldwide
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482.49
432.46
4.82 1.50
100
200
300
400
500
600
Spain USA Australia Germany
Total Installed Capacity per Country (MW)
©FC Business Intelligence
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Installed CSP Capacity per Technology
7
870.96
38 10.4 1.910
200
400
600
800
1000
Parabolic Trough
Solar Tower Linear Frisnel Dish Stirling
Total Installed Capacity per Technology (MW)
©FC Business Intelligence
5/9/2011 Copyright © Ennex Developments(Pty) Ltd., 2011
Total capacity of 89 planned plants in 16 countries comes to 14 GW
Planned Projects
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0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000Planned CSP Capacity per Country (MW)
©FC Business Intelligence
5/9/2011 Copyright © Ennex Developments(Pty) Ltd., 2011
Planned CSP Capacity per Technology
9
9226.9
2901
536
2334
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Parabolic Trough
Solar Tower Linear Frisnel Dish Stirling
Planned CSP Capacity per Technology (MW)
©FC Business Intelligence
5/9/2011 Copyright © Ennex Developments(Pty) Ltd., 2011
Planned/Installed Capacity Ratio per Technology
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10.676.3 51.5
1222.0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Parabolic Trough
Solar Tower Linear Frisnel Dish Stirling
Planned/Installed Capacity Ratio per Technology (MW)
©FC Business Intelligence
5/9/2011 Copyright © Ennex Developments(Pty) Ltd., 2011
• Smaller land requirement due to higher efficiencies (2.5 Ha/MW).
• Modularity enables uniquely scalable power sizes.
• Economy through mass production rather than economy of scale.
• Short construction times – 20 MW plant can be constructed in 10 months by team of 100 people.
• No water needed for cooling.
• No need for flat terrain – can be installed on rolling terrain.
• Low maintenance and operating costs.
• Flexible and simple installation using low skilled labour.
• More stable output than PV.
• Dual-axis tracking, which results in high utilization factor (± 32%).
Advantages of Dish Stirling Technology
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All these translate into very attractive economics
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Description of a Dish Stirling System
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Stirling Engine
Parabolic Reflector
Dual-axial Drive
Electronics
Chassis
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Two Types of Stirling Engines
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Kinematic Free-Piston
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Infinia’s FPSE Stirling Engine
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• Mature– NASA, DOE, DOD
– Bosch, Rinnai, Merloni, Enatec
– Over million operating hours
• Robust– No life-limiting components
– 25 year service life
• Zero Maintenance– Helium working fluid
– Sealed unit
– No lubricants
Solar Radiation
Cold
Electrical Output
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Heat Drive: 3 kW free-piston Stirlingengine with a dry cooling system
Reflector
AC Power Out
3 kW peak at 850 W/m2
24% net efficiency
Two-axis tracking
Zero-alignment optics
Closed-loop cooling system
Remote/unattended operation
Fully certified and grid-safe
No water for cooling
Bi-axial Drive Unit
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Commercial Units – Casa Grande, Arizona
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Designed With Installation in Mind
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Heat Drive
Drive
Reflector
Chassis
Electronics
Kit Delivery
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Ease of Installation
• Materials Delivered to Site• Packaged for Ease of Handling
©Infinia Corporation
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• Basic Hand Tools• No Special Skills Required• 8 Man Hours Targeted for Unit Assembly
Ease of Installation
©Infinia Corporation
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Ease of Installation• Assembled at Ground Level
©Infinia Corporation
Ease of Installation• No Mirror Adjustment
©Infinia Corporation
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Ease of Installation• Simple Mounting• Minimal Connections
©Infinia Corporation
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• 82MW under contract– Europe (Spain)
– India
– USA
• 400MW under MOU– China
– Europe
– USA
• 1.5GW indicative interest
Infinia’s Sales Pipeline
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• US ExIm Bank has thoroughly evaluated the PowerDishtechnology and has given tacit approval to fund all PowerDishprojects.
• ExIm Bank funds about 75% of total project cost.
• Repayment Term: 18+ years.
• Standard minimum interest rate: 4.71 %.
• Small risk to investors, NO risk to SA Government.
Financing
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• Ennex recently completed a feasibility study for a 20 MW Dish Stirling CSP plant in the Northern Cape.
• Site has been selected within close proximity to the substation.
• Land requirement, 50 Ha.
• Plant can be constructed in 10 months.
• No water for cooling required.
• Financial model based on 5 years’ measured solar data.
• Assumptions:– 17% return after tax
– 10% cost of debt
• REFIT comparable with the 2011 rate for PV of R 2.31
Proposed REFIT for Dish Stirling CSP
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• Goal of thermal energy storage (TES) and hybridization: To increase the dispachability, stability and reliability of power from a CSP plant.
• Hybridization refers to the ability of a CSP plant to hybridize with an alternative energy source – fossil or renewable fuel.
• Although current dish Stirling systems do not lend itself to storage/hybridization the same effect can be achieved if dish Stirling plants are operated in conjunction with a gas fired power plant.
• This provides the same advantages as TES but without the disadvantages of an oversized solar field and the cost of the energy storage equipment.
• Ennex recommends that developers be given the opportunity to offer hybridization, including operation in conjunction with a gas fired plant, as an alternative to TES.
• Note: TES systems are being developed for dish Stirling systems that will offer 1-2 hours storage.
Thermal Storage and Hybridization
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• Affordable
• Flexible
• Scalable
• Modular
• Reliable
• Available
Conclusion
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Dish Stirling: A solution to large or small-scale CSP which is:
Not approving a REFIT for Dish Stirling systems in the first uptake of the REFIT programme will slow down the deployment of a very competitive fast growing CSP technology, that hold great advantages for South Africa.
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Contact information
Dr. Gideon GreyvensteinDirector
Ennex Developments (Pty) Ltd.PO Box 66004, Highveld Park, 0169
South AfricaTel: +27 82 5583917Fax:+27 12 349 8425
email: [email protected]
www.ennex.co.za
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