Motivating Students Motivating Students in Distance Educationin Distance Education
Association for Educational Association for Educational Communication & TechnologyCommunication & Technology
National ConventionNational ConventionNovember 14, 2002November 14, 2002
DropoutsDropouts
FinanceFinance Lack of timeLack of time IsolationIsolation Self disciplineSelf discipline Lack of motivationLack of motivation
Keller’s ARCS Model of Keller’s ARCS Model of MotivationMotivation
AAttentionttention
RRelevanceelevance
CCSS
Keller’s ARCS Model of Keller’s ARCS Model of MotivationMotivation
AAttentionttention
RRelevanceelevance
CConfidenceonfidence
SS
Keller’s ARCS Model of Keller’s ARCS Model of MotivationMotivation
AAttentionttention
RRelevanceelevance
CConfidenceonfidence
SSatisfactionatisfaction
AttentionAttention
Perceptual ArousalPerceptual Arousal
Inquiry ArousalInquiry Arousal
VariabilityVariability
Attention Attention
Perceptual Arousal Perceptual Arousal–Put something in upside down to get Put something in upside down to get
attention. attention.
AttentionAttention
Perceptual ArousalPerceptual Arousal– Put something in upside down to get Put something in upside down to get
attention.attention.
AttentionAttention
VariabilityVariability– Use a variety of instructional strategies Use a variety of instructional strategies – Vary the assignments: essay, discussion, Vary the assignments: essay, discussion,
chat…chat…
RelevanceRelevance
Goal OrientationGoal Orientation
Motive MatchingMotive Matching
FamiliarityFamiliarity
RelevanceRelevance
Goal OrientationGoal Orientation– Include a course mapInclude a course map– Review course map periodicallyReview course map periodically
RelevanceRelevance
Motive MatchingMotive Matching– Make sure visuals are Make sure visuals are
relevant to student relevant to student and topic.and topic.
RelevanceRelevance
Motive MatchingMotive Matching– Get to know your students quickly & use Get to know your students quickly & use
their names frequently.their names frequently.
RelevanceRelevance
Motive MatchingMotive Matching– Respond to discussion messages quickly Respond to discussion messages quickly – In large chats, have students “raise hands”In large chats, have students “raise hands”
RelevanceRelevance
FamiliarityFamiliarity– Use familiar terms for course components Use familiar terms for course components
and assignmentsand assignments» Class sessionsClass sessions» HomeworkHomework» Bulletin BoardBulletin Board» LecturetteLecturette
RelevanceRelevance
FamiliarityFamiliarity– Invite a well-known “speaker”Invite a well-known “speaker”
ConfidenceConfidence
Learning RequirementsLearning Requirements
Success OpportunitiesSuccess Opportunities
Personal ControlPersonal Control
ConfidenceConfidence
Learning RequirementsLearning Requirements– Orientation to class and to technologyOrientation to class and to technology
ConfidenceConfidence
Learning RequirementsLearning Requirements– Detailed objectives & Detailed objectives & grading criteriagrading criteria
ConfidenceConfidence
Learning RequirementsLearning Requirements– Examples of assignmentsExamples of assignments
» Good examplesGood examples» Poor examples with correctional feedbackPoor examples with correctional feedback
Confidence Confidence
Success OpportunitiesSuccess Opportunities– Early access to material.Early access to material.– Early use of tools.Early use of tools.– Establish learning communities.Establish learning communities.
ConfidenceConfidence
Personal ControlPersonal Control– Personal/Professional profilePersonal/Professional profile
ConfidenceConfidence
Personal ControlPersonal Control– Allow chat time for off-topic & social Allow chat time for off-topic & social
interaction.interaction.– Disappearing group member: file a Disappearing group member: file a
“Missing Person Report”“Missing Person Report”
SatisfactionSatisfaction
Natural ConsequencesNatural Consequences
Extrinsic RewardsExtrinsic Rewards
EquityEquity
SatisfactionSatisfaction
Natural ConsequencesNatural Consequences– Authentic assignments that can be used in Authentic assignments that can be used in
the learners’ contexts.the learners’ contexts.– Conferencing with experts in the fieldConferencing with experts in the field
SatisfactionSatisfaction
Extrinsic RewardsExtrinsic Rewards– Use first names or nicknamesUse first names or nicknames– Use reinforcing phrasesUse reinforcing phrases– Learning communitiesLearning communities
SatisfactionSatisfaction
Extrinsic RewardsExtrinsic Rewards– Personal email, motivational messagesPersonal email, motivational messages
SatisfactionSatisfaction
EquityEquity– Work for course is attainableWork for course is attainable
» Review the requirementsReview the requirements
– Course completion by distance is of equal Course completion by distance is of equal value to completion F2Fvalue to completion F2F
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