Monitoring and Modeling of the Monitoring and Modeling of the CDOT Blue Island/Cermak CDOT Blue Island/Cermak
StreetscapeStreetscape Joseph Kozak, PhD, PE Joseph Kozak, PhD, PE
MWRDGCMWRDGC
Sustainable Streets for ChicagoSustainable Streets for Chicago
June 17, 2009June 17, 2009
METROPOLITAN WATER RECLAMATION DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
David Leopold, Janet Attarian (CDOT)David Leopold, Janet Attarian (CDOT) Jim Duncker (USGS)Jim Duncker (USGS) Pete Mulvaney (DWM)Pete Mulvaney (DWM) Tim Coleman, Mason Throneburg (CH2M HILL)Tim Coleman, Mason Throneburg (CH2M HILL) Catherine O’Connor, Kuldip Kumar, Robert Catherine O’Connor, Kuldip Kumar, Robert
Gaggiano (MWRDGC)Gaggiano (MWRDGC)
MWRDGC
OverviewOverview BackgroundBackground Monitoring Plan ObjectivesMonitoring Plan Objectives
• Methods and AnalysisMethods and Analysis Monitoring Locations, Equipment, Frequency, Analytical Monitoring Locations, Equipment, Frequency, Analytical
ParametersParameters Potential Additional Testing and AnalysisPotential Additional Testing and Analysis
• Data Analysis and EvaluationData Analysis and Evaluation Modeling ObjectivesModeling Objectives
• Info WorksInfo Works H&H Modeling H&H Modeling Design AnalysisDesign Analysis UncertaintyUncertainty
• City-Wide BMP AssessmentCity-Wide BMP Assessment SummarySummary
MWRDGC
Background – Project MapBackground – Project Map
MWRDGC
Background - BMPsBackground - BMPs
BMPs are being installed along the BMPs are being installed along the Streetscape Corridor to reduce flow and Streetscape Corridor to reduce flow and pollutant loads to the local sewer systempollutant loads to the local sewer system• Permeable pavers in parking/bike lanesPermeable pavers in parking/bike lanes• Permeable pavers in sidewalksPermeable pavers in sidewalks• Planters in or adjacent sidewalksPlanters in or adjacent sidewalks
Planter boxesPlanter boxes Curb inlet or runnel plantersCurb inlet or runnel planters BioswalesBioswales
• Infiltration basinsInfiltration basins
MWRDGC
Monitoring Plan ObjectivesMonitoring Plan Objectives ScopeScope
• To assess the performance, effectiveness, and To assess the performance, effectiveness, and efficiency of individual and a collection of BMPs efficiency of individual and a collection of BMPs relative to stormwater flow and pollutant load relative to stormwater flow and pollutant load reduction. reduction.
This evaluation will includeThis evaluation will include• Determining pollutant load and flow control of Determining pollutant load and flow control of
the BMP(s) under typical operating conditions the BMP(s) under typical operating conditions relative to current background conditionsrelative to current background conditions
• Determining the BMP(s) response to varying Determining the BMP(s) response to varying storm characteristics and antecedent weather storm characteristics and antecedent weather conditionsconditions
• Determining BMP integrity over the course of Determining BMP integrity over the course of the studythe study
MWRDGC
Background/Baseline Monitoring Background/Baseline Monitoring Locations and EquipmentLocations and Equipment
Precipitation Precipitation Tipping bucket rain gauges (3) Tipping bucket rain gauges (3) Road Information System meteorological station (1)Road Information System meteorological station (1) Combined sewer flowCombined sewer flow
• Flow Flow Area flow meter (3) Area flow meter (3)• Water quality collection Water quality collection Autosampler (1) Autosampler (1)• Additional 4 locations from MWHAdditional 4 locations from MWH
Stormwater runoff Stormwater runoff • Flow Flow Pressure transducers in catch basins (3) Pressure transducers in catch basins (3)• Water quality collection Water quality collection Autosampler (1) Autosampler (1)
Localized groundwater (4)Localized groundwater (4)• Monitoring wells and pressure transducerMonitoring wells and pressure transducer
Combined sewer overflows (2)Combined sewer overflows (2)• Outflow into South Branch of Chicago RiverOutflow into South Branch of Chicago River
MWRDGC
Study monitoring locations and Study monitoring locations and equipment (Post construction)equipment (Post construction)
Rain gauges, meteorological station, combined Rain gauges, meteorological station, combined sewer, monitoring wells, CSOs, and catch basin sewer, monitoring wells, CSOs, and catch basin locations remain the same as backgroundlocations remain the same as background
Any monitoring locations not affected by Any monitoring locations not affected by construction will remain as wellconstruction will remain as well
Soil, soil water, and biomass (13)Soil, soil water, and biomass (13)• Planter boxes, curb inlet planters, and Planter boxes, curb inlet planters, and
bioswalesbioswales Soil moisture Soil moisture Time Domain reflectometer Time Domain reflectometer Soil water quality collection Soil water quality collection lysimeter lysimeter Soil quality Soil quality auger samples auger samples Biomass quality Biomass quality Dead and living biomass Dead and living biomass Water level in bioswalesWater level in bioswales
MWRDGC
Study Monitoring Locations and Study Monitoring Locations and Equipment (Cont.)Equipment (Cont.)
Three overflow structures from BMP(s) will Three overflow structures from BMP(s) will be monitoredbe monitored• Parking lane permeable pavers along Blue Parking lane permeable pavers along Blue
IslandIsland• Planter boxes and infiltration basins sidewalks Planter boxes and infiltration basins sidewalks
on north side of Cermakon north side of Cermak• Bioswales and infiltration basins on south side Bioswales and infiltration basins on south side
of Cermakof Cermak Pressure transducer or flow meter and Pressure transducer or flow meter and
auto sampler at overflow points for studied auto sampler at overflow points for studied BMP(s)BMP(s)
MWRDGC
Monitoring FrequencyMonitoring Frequency Rain gauges are triggered by 0.1” Rain gauges are triggered by 0.1”
precipitation eventprecipitation event Meteorological station is continuousMeteorological station is continuous All area flow meters are continuousAll area flow meters are continuous All pressure transducers are continuousAll pressure transducers are continuous All auto samplers are flow triggeredAll auto samplers are flow triggered Soil, soil water, and biomass collected bi-Soil, soil water, and biomass collected bi-
monthly with occasion event based monthly with occasion event based samplingsampling
Monitoring wells are monitored bi-monthlyMonitoring wells are monitored bi-monthly CSOs are event basedCSOs are event based
MWRDGC
Media Analytical ParametersMedia Analytical Parameters
WaterWater• Total solids, BOD, COD, Heavy Metals, TP, Total solids, BOD, COD, Heavy Metals, TP,
TN, FOG, pH, Chlorides, and polycyclic TN, FOG, pH, Chlorides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Soil, Sediment, and BiomassSoil, Sediment, and Biomass• BOD, COD, Heavy Metals, TP, TN, BOD, COD, Heavy Metals, TP, TN,
Chlorides, PAHs, Ca, Mg, K, and NaChlorides, PAHs, Ca, Mg, K, and Na Dry Deposition Material (if applicable)Dry Deposition Material (if applicable)
• Heavy Metals, TN, Chlorides, and PAHsHeavy Metals, TN, Chlorides, and PAHs
MWRDGC
Potential Additional Testing and Potential Additional Testing and AnalysisAnalysis
Collect sump deposition for media Collect sump deposition for media analysisanalysis
Collect atmospheric deposition for Collect atmospheric deposition for media analysismedia analysis
Perform ring infiltrometer tests on Perform ring infiltrometer tests on paver and planterspaver and planters
MWRDGC
Data Analysis and EvaluationData Analysis and Evaluation All data will be collected in accordance All data will be collected in accordance
with the EPA’s National Stormwater with the EPA’s National Stormwater BMP Database for potential reporting BMP Database for potential reporting purposes purposes
Perform flow and load reduction Perform flow and load reduction analysisanalysis• Simple percent reductionsSimple percent reductions• Efficiency ratiosEfficiency ratios• Mass balanceMass balance
MWRDGCMWRDGC
Limitations and ConcernsLimitations and Concerns
Aging infrastructureAging infrastructure Sampling combined sewer and Sampling combined sewer and
overflow structuresoverflow structures VandalismVandalism
MWRDGC
Modeling ObjectivesModeling Objectives
Develop a comprehensive H&H model Develop a comprehensive H&H model to characterize background conditions to characterize background conditions and BMPs/BMP performanceand BMPs/BMP performance
Develop a simplistic water quality Develop a simplistic water quality model using monitoring data and EPA model using monitoring data and EPA BMP databaseBMP database
Develop a simplistic model to examine Develop a simplistic model to examine implementation of BMPs across a implementation of BMPs across a service area scale service area scale
MWRDGC
Info Works CS ModelInfo Works CS Model
InfoWorks CS is an effective tool with InfoWorks CS is an effective tool with which to undertake hydrological which to undertake hydrological modeling of the complete urban modeling of the complete urban water cyclewater cycle
Incorporates full solution modeling of Incorporates full solution modeling of backwater effects and reverse flow, backwater effects and reverse flow, open channels, trunk sewers, open channels, trunk sewers, complex pipe connections and complex pipe connections and complex ancillary structures complex ancillary structures
MWRDGC
Model Background & ObjectivesModel Background & ObjectivesCity Trunk Sewer model (Infoworks City Trunk Sewer model (Infoworks
CS) completed in 2008 includes:CS) completed in 2008 includes:• all sewers all sewers ≥≥ 42” diameter 42” diameter• all CSOs and connecting pipesall CSOs and connecting pipes• inlet restrictors (rainblocker system)inlet restrictors (rainblocker system)• MWRDGC interceptors, pumping stations, and MWRDGC interceptors, pumping stations, and
connecting structures to TARPconnecting structures to TARP• river level representationriver level representation
Detailed H&H Analysis of Streetscape Design:
•Goal is to optimize design elements to meet performance goals
City-Wide Planning Analysis of BMP improvements
•Goal is to assess impact of varying levels of BMP implementation across City
MWRDGC
Hydrologic and Hydraulic Hydrologic and Hydraulic (H&H) Modeling(H&H) Modeling
Simulate land surface Simulate land surface response to rainfall response to rainfall (hydrology)(hydrology)Conveyance of combined Conveyance of combined sewer flows to outlets- sewer flows to outlets- WRPs and CSOs WRPs and CSOs (hydraulics)(hydraulics)Why use a model?
•Characterize existing system performance
•basement flooding risk
•CSO frequency and volume
• undersized infrastructure identification
•Plan / Design solutions that meet desired level of service MWRDGC
Detailed Design AnalysisDetailed Design Analysis Drainage areas defined Drainage areas defined
to specific BMP to specific BMP elements (~ 1 acre)elements (~ 1 acre)
Design components Design components included in modelincluded in model• Storage volume in stone Storage volume in stone
layerlayer• Infiltration rates based on Infiltration rates based on
field testing resultsfield testing results• Controlling elevation to Controlling elevation to
City systemCity system Examine design Examine design
modification impact on modification impact on performance (i.e. performance (i.e. reduced stormwater reduced stormwater load to collection load to collection system) system)
Example: Infiltration Loss and BMP storage
Example: Flow reduction to City system
MWRDGC
Understanding UncertaintyUnderstanding Uncertainty Monitoring / CalibrationMonitoring / Calibration
• gauge data provides model comparison at local gauge data provides model comparison at local scalescale
• BMP monitoring will help understand performanceBMP monitoring will help understand performance• as additional information becomes available, can as additional information becomes available, can
be incorporated into model or future designsbe incorporated into model or future designs
Sensitivity AnalysisSensitivity Analysis• which parameters most impact performancewhich parameters most impact performance• how might age/maintenance issues impact how might age/maintenance issues impact
performance?performance?
MWRDGC
City-Wide BMP AssessmentCity-Wide BMP Assessment Translate understanding Translate understanding
from detailed model to City from detailed model to City scalescale
Simplified – high level Simplified – high level modeling approachmodeling approach• runoff reductions runoff reductions
Evaluate various levels of Evaluate various levels of City-Wide implementationCity-Wide implementation• What areas most sensitive What areas most sensitive
to more green to more green infrastructure?infrastructure?
• What is the overall What is the overall reduction in loading to reduction in loading to system and WRP?system and WRP?
MWRDGC
HYPOTHETICAL Impact of Various CityWide BMP Implementation
Levels
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 25 50 75 100
ROW conversion to BMP (%)
Ann
ual W
RP
Tre
atm
ent
Red
uctio
n (%
)
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
Bas
emen
t F
loo
din
g R
isk
for
2-Y
r S
torm
(%
)
WRP Flow Reduction
Basement Flooding
SummarySummary
Monitoring and modeling program Monitoring and modeling program work together to optimize designwork together to optimize design
Continued monitoring will improve Continued monitoring will improve understanding of BMP performanceunderstanding of BMP performance
Citywide modeling provides Citywide modeling provides opportunity to identify areas where opportunity to identify areas where BMP improvements are most BMP improvements are most beneficial beneficial efficiently prioritize efficiently prioritize investment dollarsinvestment dollars
MWRDGC
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