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Alcohol Abuse
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IntroductionThis module tackles the
following topics:
A brief history andbackground of alcohol
A description of alcoholism
The reasons that people drink
The short and long termeffects brought about byalcohol abuse
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Brief History Alcohol as a beverage has been around
in one shape or form for at least 12,000years
The first beer mugs are dated back to10,000 BC
The first major civilization known tomake alcoholic drinks is Shanghai,
China (5,000 BC) The practice of distillation, which
produced drinks with higher alcoholiccontents, was developed by thePersians around the 8th century AD
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Brief History From the cheapest beer to themost expensive wine or afterdinner liqueur, all are made by
adding yeast to a substance thatcontains sugar
The yeast starts the formationprocess, which turns sugar into
ethyl and carbon dioxide gas In the Philippines, the most
common forms of alcohol arebeer, gin, rum and lambanog.
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What is Alcoholism?It is a chronic and potentially fatal disease in which aperson is addicted to alcohol
It is characterized by three or more of the followingoccurring in a one-year period:
Tolerance: increasing amounts of alcohol needed to get
the same effect. Withdrawal symptoms, such as shakiness, sweating,
nausea, anxiety and depression
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What is Alcoholism? Drinking larger amounts and for longer than you
intended.
Inability to cut down or quit drinking
Spending a lot of time getting and drinking alcohol orrecovering from its effects
Reducing or giving up important work or leisureactivities
Continued use despite the physical or emotionalproblems it causes to the drinker or other people
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What is Alcohol Abuse?Alcohol abuse is defined as a pattern of drinking that isaccompanied by one or more of the following situationswithin a 12-month period:
Failure to fulfil major work, school, or homeresponsibilities
Drinking in situations that are physically dangerous,such as while driving a car or operating machinery
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What is Alcohol Abuse? Recurring alcohol-related legal problems, such as
being arrested for driving under the influence ofalcohol or for physically hurting someone while drunk
Continued drinking despite having ongoingrelationship problems that are caused or worsened by
the effects of alcohol
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Why Do People Drink? Escaping Pressures, Problems, orRelieving Stress
Changing a Bad Self-Concept
Forgetting Loneliness Boosting Self-Confidence
Masking Unsatisfactory PersonalRelationships
To Feel More Adult As An Act of Rebellion
For Experimentation
Peer Pressure
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Immediate Effects Flushing of the skin
Increased heart rate
Overexcitement orGiddiness
Impaired judgment
Decrease in motor skills
Slurred speech
Blurry vision
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Immediate Effects Loss of balance
Double vision
Clammy or cold skin Dilated pupils
Unconsciousness
In extreme cases, deathdue to alcohol poisoning
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Long Term EffectsHeart Problems:
Cardiomyopathy,
commonly known as"holiday heart syndrome,or abnormal heart rhythm
Hypertension
Stroke
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Long Term Effects
Liver Disease
Chronic alcohol abuse can
cause fatty liver, cirrhosis andalcoholic hepatitis
Alcohol is a leading cause ofliver cancer in the western
world accounting for 32-45%of hepatic cancers
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Long Term EffectsPancreatitis
Chronic excessive intake of alcohol can cause
destruction of the pancreas resulting in severe chronicpain, which may progress to pancreatic cancer
Diabetes
Binge drinking and high alcohol consumption mayincrease the risk of Type 2 diabetes in women
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Long Term EffectsChronic alcohol abuse canlead to the cancer in thefollowing parts of the
body: Pancreas
Larynx
Pharynx Esophagus
Liver
Breast
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Long Term Effects
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Fetal alcohol syndrome or FAS is a disorder ofpermanent birth defects that occurs in the offspringof women who drink alcohol during pregnancy
Fetal alcohol exposure is the leading known cause ofmental retardation in the Western world
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Long Term EffectsSexual dysfunction
Long term use of alcohol
can lead to damage to thecentral nervous system andthe peripheral nervoussystem resulting in loss ofsexual desire andimpotence in men.