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Module 2: Func1onal Anatomy
Textbook Anatomy vs Func1onal Anatomy
Role of the gluteals Textbook (open-chain)
Hip Extension Hip Abduc1on Hip external rota1on
Real world Also resists/controls hip flexion, adduc1on and internal rota1on!
PaPerns of Quality Movement: The Joint-by-Joint Approach (Boyle)
Joint Needs Foot Stability
Ankle Mobility
Knee Stability
Hip Mobility/Stability
Lumbar Spine Stability
Thoracic Spine Mobility
Scapula Mobility/Stability
Gleno-Humeral Mobility
An Alterna)ng Series of Stable Segments Moving on Mobile Joints - Charlie Weingroff
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The Spine
Lumbar vs. Thoracic Movement
Rota1on at the Spine Spinal Level Degrees of Rotation
T1-2 9 T2-3 8 T3-4 8 T4-5 8 T5-6 8 T6-7 8 T7-8 8 T8-9 7
T9-10 4 T10-11 2 T11-12 2 T12-L1 2
L1-2 2 L2-3 2 L3-4 2 L4-5 2
L5-S1 0-5
Rota1on at the Spine
Analysis of the stress-strain curves for the intevertebral discs under torsion reveals an
inflec1on point just before 3 degrees of rota1on, which indicates the onset of microscopic failure in
the anulus fibrosus.
Bogduk, Clinical Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine.
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Does this mean we never move our lumbar spine???
NO!
Joint-by-Joint Training
Joint Needs Hip Mobility
Lumbar Spine Stability
Thoracic Spine Mobility
The Pelvis
The Driver Gets no respect!
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The Box
Core is defined as: Diaphragm on top Pelvic floor on boPom Abs in front Erectors/mul1fidi in back Muscle weight belt
What else plays a role? Glutes? Lats?
The Diaphragm
Primary Func1ons Increases IAP Spinal stability
Implica1ons Balloon example Alignment
The Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Pelvic Floor
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The Diaphragm Taken from Postural Restora1on Ins1tute
Transverse Abdominus
Primary Func1ons Abdominal hollowing Forced expira1on
Implica1ons TIMING!!!! Unless you have a
specific issue, dont worry about training the TVA
Transverse Abdominus
In fact, our clinical experience suggests that efforts to isolate the TVA is problema1c
there is more important abdominal training that really maPers for the
athlete. - McGill
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Transverse Abdominus???
Bracing With a Belt
Spinal Erectors
Primary Func1ons Trunk Extension
Implica1ons The Unknown Role
Superficial Deep
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Toe Touch Stretches?
Mul1fidi
Primary Func1ons Segmental stabiliza1on Spinal propriocep1on
Implica1ons Fine motor control Atrophy at injured areas
(Hides 1994)
Quadratus Lumborum
Primary Func1ons Side-bending Resis%ng side-bending
Implica1ons Frontal plane movement
and stability
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Rectus Abdominus
Primary Func1ons Trunk flexion Depresses rib cage Posterior pelvic 1lt
Implica1ons Dominant anterior
stabilizer
How many of you only perform crunches?
To CrunchOr NOT to Crunch???
Ask yourself WHY? Top Down vs. BoPom
Up Stability
External Obliques are typically weak
Depresses rib cage Shoulder and upper extremity issues
Crunches and Neck Pain???
Superficial Front Line Anatomy Trains
Fascia connects everything
Shorten RA Shortening of SFL Head Forward Posture
Reproduced with Permission Tom Myers/Elsevier
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Rectus Dominance
How do you get your stability?
External Obliques
Primary Func1ons Trunk flexion (bilateral) Trunk rota1on (unilateral w/
opposite IO)
Posterior Pelvic Tilt without a pull on the rib cage (posterior fibers)
Implica1ons Gets us back to pelvic neutral!
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External Obliques
The origin of this muscle from the rib cage and its inser1on into the pelvis are
consistent with the most effec1ve ac1on of this muscle, that is, the posterior 1lt of
the pelvis. - Sahrmann
Psoas Primary Func1ons
Hip flexion (esp. above 90!) Hip lateral rota1on Lumbar extension Lateral rota1on of lumbar spine Lumbar spine stability via axial
compression and eccentric control
Implica1ons Tight hip flexorsWeak glutes Anterior 1lt + Lumbar extension =
LBP
Glute Max
Primary Func1ons Hip extension Hip abduc1on Hip external rota1on Closed chain!!!!!
Implica1ons Lengthened/weak due to APT Weakness/inhibi1on leads to
an assortment of lower extremity issues (hamstring pulls, groin pulls, LBP, etc.)
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Trunk Extension
Hip Extension
Func1onal Anatomy Bringing it all together.
Work together to promote movement
The concept of force coupling Muscles on opposing sides of the body
working together to produce movements
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SagiPal Plane Force Coupling
Anterior Force Couple Posterior Force Couple
Psoas Rectus Abdominus
Rectus Femoris External Obliques
TFL Gluteals
Spinal Erectors Hamstrings
The BaPle for Pelvic Alignment
External Obliques/Lower Abs
Hip Flexors
Spinal Erectors
Glutes & Hamstrings
Pelvic Alignment Anterior Tilt
External Obliques/Lower Abs
Hip Flexors
Spinal Erectors
Glutes & Hamstrings
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Pelvic Alignment Posterior Tilt
External Obliques/Lower Abs
Hip Flexors
Spinal Erectors
Glutes & Hamstrings
Anterior Pelvic Tilt
Increased shear forces on low back; increased likelihood of trunk extension vs. hip extension
Increased likelihood of hamstring/groin strains due to weak glutes/poor hip extension
S1ff/short rectus femoris and hip flexors
Posterior Pelvic Tilt
FlaPening of lumbar curve leads to increased risk of disc hernia1ons
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