PENGENALAN TEKNIK TELEKOMUNIKASI
Modul : 07Transmisi
PENGENALAN TEKNIK TELEKOMUNIKASI
Modul : 07Transmisi
Program Studi S1 - Teknik TelekomunikasiJurusan Teknik Elektro – Institut Teknologi Telkom
BANDUNG, 2012
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BLOK SISTEM KOMUNIKASI
TI TxMedia
CommunicationTransducer
InputTransmitter
MessageInput
SinyalInput
SinyalKirim
RxTO
MediaCommunication
TransducerOutput Receiver
MessageOutput
Loss,Distorsi,
Noise,Interferensi
SinyalOutput
SignalTerima
Message : informasi seperti suara, data, gambar, video, kode
Signal : bentuk listrik dari informasi
Transducer : mengubah informasi menjadi sinyal listrik dan sebaliknya
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BLOK SISTEM KOMUNIKASI RADIO ANALOG
Basebandfrom
Multiplex
Basebandfrom
MultiplexBasebandEquipment
ModulatorAnalog
IF EquipmentLimiter
Up-Converter
PA
LocalOscillator
WaveguideFilter
LocalOscillator
WaveguideFilter
Down -Converter
Demodulator Analog
IF Filter &Amplifier
BasebandEquipment
Base band toDemultiplex
Base band toDemultiplex
ANTENNA
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Modulasi / Demodulasi
Modulasi adalah proses menumpangkan sinyalinformasi kedalam gelombang pembawa
Demodulasi adalah proses mengambil kembalisinyal informasi yang ditumpangkan
Teknik Modulasi / Demodulasi dilakukan denganmengubah parameter gelombang pembawa, antaralain :AmplitudoFrekwensiPhasa
Modulasi adalah proses menumpangkan sinyalinformasi kedalam gelombang pembawa
Demodulasi adalah proses mengambil kembalisinyal informasi yang ditumpangkan
Teknik Modulasi / Demodulasi dilakukan denganmengubah parameter gelombang pembawa, antaralain :AmplitudoFrekwensiPhasa
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PCM Sisi Kirim
Sampling,Compressing, Quantizing, Coding Sisi Terima
Decoding,Expanding,Low Pass Filter
Sampling Compressor Quantizing Coding TCH.1 LPF Sampling
R
Compressor Quantizing
ExpandorCh Gate
Coding T
Decoding
CH.n
LPF
LPF
CH.1
CH.n
LPF
LPF
Transmisi
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Sampling
Adalah proses modulasi amplitudo yangmerupakan langkah persiapan untuk merubahsinyal analog menjadi sinyal digital atau sinyalPAM
Sinyal PAM
LPFSinyal Input
Freq Sampling
Sinyal PAM
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Quantizing Adalah proses awal untuk merubah sinyal PAM
menjadi susunan digit, dimana sinyal hasilsampling dihargakan pada tegangan pembandingterdekat
Quantisasi Uniform Quantisasi Non-Uniform
Adalah proses awal untuk merubah sinyal PAMmenjadi susunan digit, dimana sinyal hasilsampling dihargakan pada tegangan pembandingterdekat
Quantisasi Uniform Quantisasi Non-Uniform
Sinyal PAM Sinyal PAM Ter-KuantisasiPengTekTel-Modul:7- Transmis
Coding Pada tahapan ini semua sinyal yang sudah dikuantisasi
diubah menjadi kode 8 bit S A B C W X Y Z S = Polaritas sinyal PAM ABC = Nomor Segmen dalam 0 s/d 7 (biner) WXYZ = Nomor interval 0 s/d 15 (Biner)
Pada tahapan ini semua sinyal yang sudah dikuantisasidiubah menjadi kode 8 bit
S A B C W X Y Z S = Polaritas sinyal PAM ABC = Nomor Segmen dalam 0 s/d 7 (biner) WXYZ = Nomor interval 0 s/d 15 (Biner)
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Multiplexing Adalah proses penggabungan beberapa saluran atau kanal
pembicaraan (VBW) menjadi satu kedalam bentuk sinyal lain,untuk disalurkan secara bersamaan tanpa saling mengganggu
Jenis-jenis Multiplexer FDM (Frequency Division Multiplex) TDM (Time Division Multiplex)
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Multiplexing• Multiplexing is sending more than one signal on a
carrier.• There are two standard types of multiplexing.
– Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM): themedium carries a number of signals, which havedifferent frequencies; the signals are carriedsimultaneously.
– Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM): differentsignals are transmitted over the same medium butthey do so at different times – they take turns.
• Multiplexing is sending more than one signal on acarrier.
• There are two standard types of multiplexing.– Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM): the
medium carries a number of signals, which havedifferent frequencies; the signals are carriedsimultaneously.
– Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM): differentsignals are transmitted over the same medium butthey do so at different times – they take turns.
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Multiplexing• There are several data inputs and one of them is
routed to the output (possibly the sharedcommunication channel).– Like selecting a television channel (although that
example is FDM).• In addition to data inputs, there must be selectinputs.– The select inputs determine which data input gets
through.• How many select pins are needed?
– Depends on number of data inputs.
• There are several data inputs and one of them isrouted to the output (possibly the sharedcommunication channel).– Like selecting a television channel (although that
example is FDM).• In addition to data inputs, there must be selectinputs.– The select inputs determine which data input gets
through.• How many select pins are needed?
– Depends on number of data inputs.
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Mutiplexing
Multiplexing allows one to select one of the many possible sources.
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Typical Application of a MUX
MP3 PlayerDocking Station
D0
D1
D2
D3
Multiple Sources Single DestinationSelector
LaptopSound Card
DigitalSatellite
DigitalCable TV
Surround Sound System
MU
X
D0
D1
D2
D3
Y
B A Selected Source
0 0 MP3
0 1 Laptop
1 0 Satellite
1 1 Cable TV
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4-to-1 Multiplexer (MUX)
MU
X
D0
D1
D2
D3
Y
B A
B A Y
0 0 D0
0 1 D1
1 0 D2
1 1 D3
B A
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4-to-1 Multiplexer WaveformsD0
D1
D2
InputData
D3
A
B
YD0 D1 D2 D3 D0 D1 D2 D3
SelectLine
OutputData
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Demultiplexing
Demultiplexing allows one to select one of the many possible destinations.
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Typical Application of a DEMUXSingle Source Multiple DestinationsSelector
D0
D1
D2
D3DE
MU
X
B/W LaserPrinter
FaxMachine
D0
D1
D2
D3
X
DE
MU
X
B A Selected Destination
0 0 B/W Laser Printer
0 1 Fax Machine
1 0 Color Inkjet Printer
1 1 Pen Plotter
Color InkjetPrinter
PenPlotter
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1-to-4 De-Multiplexer (DEMUX)
D0
D1
D2
D3
X
B A
DE
MU
X
B A D0 D1 D2 D3
0 0 X 0 0 0
0 1 0 X 0 0
1 0 0 0 X 0
1 1 0 0 0 X
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1-to-4 De-Multiplexer WaveformsX
S0
S1
SelectLine
InputData
D0
D1
D2
D3
OutputData
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Multiplexing TechniquesMultiplexing Techniques
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) Each signal is allocated a different frequency band Usually used with analog signals Modulation equipment is needed to move each
signal to the required frequency band (channel) Multiple carriers are used, each is called sub-carrier Multiplexing equipment is needed to combine
the modulated signals
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Usually used with digital signal is carrying digital data Data from various sources are carried in
repetitive frames Each frame consists of of a set of time slots Each source is assigned one or more time
slots per frame
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) Each signal is allocated a different frequency band Usually used with analog signals Modulation equipment is needed to move each
signal to the required frequency band (channel) Multiple carriers are used, each is called sub-carrier Multiplexing equipment is needed to combine
the modulated signals
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Usually used with digital signal is carrying digital data Data from various sources are carried in
repetitive frames Each frame consists of of a set of time slots Each source is assigned one or more time
slots per frame
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FDM
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Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM)
• All signals are sent simultaneously, each assigned its ownfrequency
• Using filters all signals can be retrieved
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FDM System OverviewFDM System Overview
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FDM example: multiplexing of three voiceFDM example: multiplexing of three voicesignalssignals The bandwidth of a voice signal
is generally taken to be 4KHz,with an effective spectrum of300-3400Hz
Such a signal is used to AMmodulate 64 KHz carrier
The bandwidth of the modulatedsignal is 8KHz and consists ofthe Lower Side Band (LSB) andUSB as in (b)
To make efficient use ofbandwidth, transmit only the LSB
If three voice signals are used tomodulate carriers at 64, 68 and72 KHz, and only the LSB istaken, the resulting spectrumwill be as shown in (c)
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The bandwidth of a voice signalis generally taken to be 4KHz,with an effective spectrum of300-3400Hz
Such a signal is used to AMmodulate 64 KHz carrier
The bandwidth of the modulatedsignal is 8KHz and consists ofthe Lower Side Band (LSB) andUSB as in (b)
To make efficient use ofbandwidth, transmit only the LSB
If three voice signals are used tomodulate carriers at 64, 68 and72 KHz, and only the LSB istaken, the resulting spectrumwill be as shown in (c)
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TDM
12
CH.1
CH.2 12
CH.2
CH.1
43CH.3
CH.4
43 CH.4
CH.3
SISI KIRIM SISI TERIMA
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Time-Division Multiplexing– Transmitting digitized data over one medium
• Wires or optical fibers• Pulses representing bits from different time slots
– Two Types:• Synchronous TDM• Asynchronous TDM
– Transmitting digitized data over one medium• Wires or optical fibers• Pulses representing bits from different time slots
– Two Types:• Synchronous TDM• Asynchronous TDM
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Pengenalan PDH
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Pengenalan SDH
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BIT RATE SDH
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